Njengoko iikhomputha, ngokukodwa iiptops, ziqhubeka zincinci, izixhobo ezinjengeendawo zokugcina izithuthi zifuneka ukuba zenzeke ngokufanayo. Ngokuqaliswa kwezinto ezisemgangathweni-mhlaba , kwaba lula ukuyibeka kwizinto ezicwangcisiweyo ezinjenge- Ultrabooks kodwa ingxaki yayisoloko isebenzisa imboniselo ye-SATA ye-standard standard. Ekugqibeleni, isixhobo sakwaMSATA senzelwe ukudala ikhadi elincinci lephrofayili elingaqhubeka lisebenzisana ne-SATA. Ingxaki ngoku kukuba amazinga eSATA 3.0 anqanda ukusebenza kwe-SSD. Ukuze ulungise le miba, ifom entsha ifom ye-compact card kufuneka iphuhliswe. Ekuqaleni kuthiwa yi-NGFF (i-Generation Form Form Factor), isixhobo esibonakalayo esitsha sagqitywa ngokutsha kwi-M.2 entsha ye-drive interface phantsi kweenkcukacha ze-SATA ingcaciso 3.2.
Ixesha elikhawulezayo
Nangona ubukhulu, ngokuqinisekileyo, into ebalulekileyo ekuphuhliseni isixhobo esibonakalayo esitsha, isantya seenqwelo zihamba phambili. Iinkcukacha ze-SATA 3.0 zithintela umda we-real-world bandwidth we-SSD kwi-interface ye-drive ukuya kuma-600MB / s, into eninzi eqhubayo ngoku ifumaneka. I-SATA 3.2 iinkcazo zenze indlela entsha edibeneyo kwi-M.2 interface njengokuba yenzayo nge- SATA Express . Ngokwenene, i-M.2 ikhadi elitsha lingasebenzisa i-SATA 3.0 ecacileyo kwaye ikhutshwe kwi-600MB / s okanye inokukhetha ukhethe ukusebenzisa i- PCI-Express enika umda womda we-1GB / s phantsi kwe-PCI-Express 3.0 yangoku imigangatho. Ngoku isantya se-1GB / s sinye kwendlela enye ye-PCI-Express. Kungenzeka ukusebenzisa iindlela ezininzi kunye neenkcukacha ze-M.2 SSD, ukuya kusetyenziswa iindlela ezine. Ukusebenzisa iindlela ezimbini ziza kunika i-2.0GB / s ngelixa iindlela ezine zinganikezela kwi-4.0GB / s. Xa ukukhutshwa kwe-PCI-Express 4.0, ngokukhawuleza kuqhutywe kabini.
Ngoku asikho zonke iifom eziza kufezekisa ezi zizantya. Umqhubi we-M.2 kunye ne-interface kwi khomputha kufuneka imiswe kwimodi efanayo. I-M.2 idizayini yenzelwe ukusebenzisa i-SATA imo okanye imodyuli ye-PCI-Express entsha kodwa i-drive iyakukhetha ukuba yeyiphi na into yokuyisebenzisa. Ngokomzekelo, imoto ye-M.2 eyenzelwe i-SATA yefa lemveli iya kuphelelwa kweso santya se-600MB / s. Ngoku, imoto ye-M.2 ingahambelana ne-PCI-Express ukuya kwiindlela ezine (x4) kodwa ikhompyutha isebenzisa kuphela iindlela ezimbini (x2). Oku kuya kubangela ukukhawuleza okukhulu kwe 2.0GB / s kuphela. Ngoko ukuze ufumane isantya esona siphumelele, kuya kufuneka uhlolisise kokubili ukuba yintoni umqhubi kunye nekhompyutheni okanye inkxaso ye-motherboard.
Ubuncinci kunye nobukhulu obukhulu
Enye yeenjongo ze-M.2 ukuyila umda wokunciphisa ubuninzi befowuni yokugcina. Oku kufezwe ngenye yeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Okokuqala, benza ukuba amakhadi amancinci kunomgangatho we-mSATA wangaphambili. Amakhadi aM.2 angama-22mm ububanzi ngokuthelekiswa ne-30mm ye-mSATA. Amakhadi angaphinda afutshane nje ngo-30mm ubude obuthelekiswa ne-50mm ye-mSATA. Umehluko kukuba amakhadi e-M.2 nawo axhasa ubude obude obude ukuya kwi-110mm oku kuthetha ukuba okunene kunokuba lukhulu kunokuba lubonelele ngeendawo ezininzi ze-chips kwaye ngoko ke amandla angaphezulu.
Ukongezelela ubude nobubanzi bamakhadi, kukho kwakhona inketho yebhodi enye okanye amabini amabini eM2. Kutheni le mibini ehlukeneyo? Ewe, amabhodi amacandelo angabini anika iphrofayili encome kakhulu kwaye ayiluncedo kwii-laptops ze-ultrathin. Ngaphandle kwebhodi elingaphakathi kwebala, ngakwelinye icala, ivumela ukuba ii-chips ezininzi zifakwe kwibhodi le-M.2 ukuze kubekho amandla okugcina okubalulekileyo kwizicelo zecacsoft desktop apho indawo engabalulekanga. Ingxaki kukuba kufuneka uqaphele uhlobo lunikazi lwe-M.2 kwikhomputha ngaphezu kwendawo yobude bekhadi. Uninzi lwee-laptops luya kusetyenziswa kuphela umxhasi womgca ongasentla othetha ukuba abanako ukusebenzisa amakhadi aM.2 macala.
Iindlela zokuLawula
Kwithuba elingaphezulu kweyishumi, i-SATA iyenzele ukugcinwa kweekhompyutheni iplagi kunye nokudlala. Oku kukubulela kulula kakhulu ukusebenzisa i-interface kodwa nangenxa ye-AHCI (i-Advanced Host Controller Interface). Le yindlela indlela ikhomputha inokunxibelelana ngayo imiyalelo kunye nezixhobo zokugcina. Yakhelwe kuzo zonke iinkqubo zokusebenza zanamhlanje kwaye akufuneki naziphi na abaqhubi abongezelelweyo ukuba bafakwe kwinkqubo yokusebenza xa songeza ii-drive ezintsha. Sebenze kakuhle kodwa saphuhliswa ngexesha lokuqhuma kanzima elinamandla okulinganisa ukuqhuba imiyalelo ngenxa yobume beentloko kunye nezitya. Umgca omnye womyalelo kunye nemiyalelo engu-32 yanele. Ingxaki kukuba iimeko ezisemgangathweni zomoya ziyakwenza okuninzi kodwa zikhutshwe ngabaqhubi be-AHCI.
Ukukunceda ekupheliseni le ntshukumo kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza, i-NVMe (i-Non-Volatile Memory Express) isakhiwo somyalelo kunye nabaqhubi baphuhliswa njengendlela yokuphelisa le ngxaki kwimimandla yokusebenza. Esikhundleni sokusebenzisa umgca womyalelo owodwa, unikezela kumgca wama-65,536 omyalelo kunye nomyalelo we-65,536 ngomgca. Oku kuvumela ukuqhutyelwa kokufana okufana nezicelo zokufunda nokubhala ezibhaliweyo eziza kunceda ukukhulisa ukusebenza phezu kwesakhiwo somyalelo we-AHCI.
Nangona oku kukhulu, kukho ingxaki ethile. I-AHCI yakhiwe kuzo zonke iinkqubo zokusebenza zanamhlanje kodwa i-NVMe ayikho. Ukuze ufumane ubuninzi bezinto eziphuma kumatshini, abaqhubi kufuneka bafakwe ngaphezulu kweenkqubo ezikhoyo zokusebenzisa le modeli yomyalelo omtsha. Le yingxaki kubantu abaninzi kwiinkqubo zokusebenza ezindala. Ngombulelo iM.2 ukuqhuba iinkcukacha zivumela ukuba zonke iindlela zisebenzise. Oku kwenza ukuba usebenziso olutsha lube lula lula ngeekhompyutha kunye nobuchwephesha obukhoyo ngokusebenzisa isakhiwo somyalelo we-AHCI. Emva koko, njengoko inkxaso yesakhiwo somyalelo we-NVMe iphuculiswa kwisofthiwe, iimoto ezifanayo zingasetyenziselwa nale ndlela yomyalelo omtsha. Yilumkiso nje ukuba ukutshintsha phakathi kweendlela ezimbini kuzakufuna ukuba ii-drive ziguquke.
Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla okuphuculweyo
Iikhomputha zeefowuni zikhawulezileyo zixesha ngokusekelwe kubukhulu beebhetri zabo kunye negunya elithathwa ngamacandelo ahlukeneyo. Izimo zombuso ozinzile zinikeze ukunciphisa okubalulekileyo ekusebenziseni amandla kwendawo yokugcina njengokuba baphucule ubomi bebhetri kodwa kukho indawo yokuphucula. Ekubeni i-M.2-interface ye-SSD inxalenye yeenkcukacha ze-SATA 3.2, ziquka ezinye izinto ezingaphaya kwe-interface. Oku kuquka into entsha ebizwa ngokuthi iDevSleep. Njengoko iinkqubo ezininzi kwaye zenzelwe ukuhamba kwimodi yokulala xa zivaliwe okanye zivaliwe kunokuba zitshintshe ngokupheleleyo, kukho ukulandelwa rhoqo kwibhetri ukugcina idatha ethile isebenza ngokukhawuleza ngokukhawuleza xa izixhobo zivusiwe. I-DevSleep iyanciphisa inani lamandla asetyenziswa ngamacandelo afana ne-M.2 SSD ngokudala i-new state power power. Oku kufuneka kukuncedise ixesha lokuqhuba ezo zixhobo ezilalelwayo kunokuba zinike amandla phakathi kokusetyenziswa.
Iingxaki zokuxhoma
Umnxibelelwano we-M.2 uyongezelela kakhulu ekugcinweni kwekhompyutha kunye nokukwazi ukuphucula ukusebenza kweekhompyutha zethu. Kukho ingxaki encinane kunye nokuqaliswa kokuqala kwayo. Ukufumana ukusebenza okusemgangathweni kwintsebenziswano entsha, ikhompyutha kufuneka isebenzise ibhasi ye-PCI-Express, ngaphandle koko, ihamba ngokufanayo nayo nayiphi na i-drive ye-SATA 3.0. Oku kungabonakali njengento enkulu kodwa ngokwenene inengxaki yamaninzi amabhodi ambalwa okuqala asetyenziswayo. Izixhobo ze-SSD zinikeza amava amahle xa zisetyenzisiweyo njenge-root root or boot drive. Ingxaki kukuba i-software ekhoyo ye-Windows inenkxalabo kunye nabaninzi abaqhuba ukukhupha ibhasi kwi-PCI-Express ngaphandle kokuvela kwi-SATA. Oku kuthetha ukuba ube ne-M.2 yokusebenzisa i-PCI-Express ngelixa ngokukhawuleza akuyi kuba yinkqubo ephambili apho inkqubo yokusebenza okanye iinkqubo zifakwe khona. Isiphumo kukuqhuba ngokukhawuleza kwedatha kodwa kungekhona umqhubi wokuqalisa.
Azikho zonke iikhomputha kunye neenkqubo zokusebenza ezile ndawo. Ngokomzekelo, i-Apple iye yavelisa i-OS X ukusebenzisa ibhasi ye-PCI-Express yeengcambu zeengcambu. Kungenxa yokuba i-Apple iguqule ii-SSD zokuqhuba kwi-PCI-Express kwi-MacBook Air ka-2013 phambi kokuba iimpawu zeM.2 zigqitywe. I-Microsoft iye yahlaziya i-Windows 10 ukuxhasa ngokugcwele iipyutishi ezintsha ze-PCI-Express kunye ne-NVMe ukuba i-hardware isebenza ngokusemandleni. Iinguqu ezindala zeWindows ziyakwazi ukuba i-hardware ixhaswa kunye nabaqhubi bangaphandle bafakwe.
Indlela yokusebenzisa iM.2 iyakususa ezinye iimpawu
Enye indawo yokukhathazeka ngokukodwa kunye neebhodi zee- motherboards zibhekiselele ekusebenziseni indlela yokubambisana ne-M.2 kwi-system. Uyabona kukho inani elincinci leendlela zePCI-Express phakathi kweprojekti kunye nayo yonke enye ikhompyutha. Ukuze usebenzise i-slot ye-M.2 ekhawulwayo ye-PCI-Express, umenzi webhodi ye-motherboard kufuneka athathe loo mizila ye-PCI-Express ngaphandle kwezinye izinto kwi-system. Indlela loo mizila yePCI-Express eyahlula ngayo phakathi kwezixhobo kwiibhodi yinkxalabo enkulu. Ngokomzekelo, abanye abavelisi belana ngeendlela ze-PCI-Express kunye nee-port SATA. Ngaloo ndlela, ukusebenzisa i-M.2 yokuqhuba isithuthi kungathabatha phezulu ezine ezine-SATA. Kwezinye iimeko. I-M.2 inokwabelana ngalawo majelo kunye nezinye i-PCI-Express zonweba. Qinisekisa ukuba ujonga indlela ibhodi eyenzelwe ngayo ukuqinisekisa ukuba usebenzisa iM.2 ayiyi kuphazamisa ukusetyenziswa kwamanye ama- drive asebenzayo , i- DVD okanye i- Blu-ray okanye amanye amakhadi okwandisa.