Yazi indlela iiptops eziphathekayo ezingayifumana ngayo kwi-Intanethi
Ukukwazi ukuxhuma kwi-Intanethi kungakhathaliseki ukuba ungubani umbandela obalulekileyo wee-laptops. Ngenxa yoko, i-interfaces yoxhumo lwenethiwekhi ifanelwe onke ama-laptops. Ezinye zazo ziqhelekile ukuba ukuthelekiswa kwemveliso kunzima kodwa banokuba neenguqu ezincinane ezingenza umehluko kumsebenzi wenethiwekhi. Esi sikhokelo siza kunceda ukuhlenga ukuba ziphi na ukuba ziqhathaniswa njani.
I-Wi-Fi (i-Wireless)
Ukunxibelelana nge-Wireless ngezinga le-Wi-Fi liqhubekile kwiminyaka ukwenza kube yimpawu efunekayo kuzo zonke iikhomputha zeekhompyutha. Kukho inani lee-acronyms kwimigangatho eyahlukeneyo kunye nesivinini se-Intanethi ye-Wi-Fi oyakuyidinga xa uthengela ikhompyutha yekhompyutheni ukukwazisa ukuba ingasetyenziswa njani.
Kukho imigangatho emihlanu ye-Wi-Fi efumaneka kwiikhomputha zeekhomputha. I-802.11b ngowona mdala usebenza kwi-11Mbps kwi-spectrum ye-2.4GHz. I-802.11g isebenzisa i-2.4GHz yomsakazo we-radio kodwa ingahambisa kwi-54Mbps ngesivinini. Lihambelanayo ngasemva kunye ne-802.11b umgangatho. I-802.11a isebenzisa i-spectrum ye-5GHz yomsakazo ophuculweyo kunye ne-54Mbps efanayo. Akuhambelani ngasemva ngenxa yeefowuni ezahlukeneyo zerediyo.
Uhlobo oluqhelekileyo oluqhelekileyo lwe-Wi-Fi ngumgangatho we-802.11n. Lo mgangatho udideka ngakumbi njengoko idivaysi inokusetyenziswa ukusebenzisa i-spectrum ye-2.4GHz okanye ye-5GHz. Indlela ephambili yokuxelela ukuba i-laptop iluhlu 802.11a / g / n okanye i-802.11b / g / n. Abo ba dwelisa i / g / n kwiimilinganiselo ze-Wi-Fi baya kuba nako ukusebenzisa i-spectrum ngethuba ngelixa b / g / n izakusebenzisa kuphela i-spectrum 2.4GHz. Qaphela ukuba abanye abadweliswe njenge-802.11b / g / n bangasebenzisa i-spectrum ye-5GHz. Abo bafaka i-antennae ezimbini banamakhono okusebenzisa ii-2.4 ne-5GHz. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu kwabo banqwenela ukusebenzisa i-spectrum ye-5GHz yomsakazo onenzuzo ekuncinci kwimihlaba emininzi yebhanwidth engcono ngenxa yokudibanisa okungaphantsi.
Iipttops ezithengi ngakumbi zisebenzisa ngokutsha inethiwekhi ye-Wi-Fi ye-5G. Ezi zi sekelwe kumgangatho wama-802.11ac. Ezi mveliso zibiza ukuba zikwazi ukufezekisa amaxabiso okufikelela kwi-1.3Gbps ephindwe kathathu ubukhulu becala ukuba i-802.11n kwaye ifana neyoxhumo lenethiwekhi. Njengomgangatho we-802.11a, isebenzisa i-frequency 5GHz kodwa i-band-band ithetha ukuba ixhasa i-802.11n kumanqanaba ama-2.4GHz.
Abasebenzisi abaninzi baya kubona imilinganiselo emininzi ekhompyutheni yekhomputha, njenge-802.11b / g. Oku kuthetha ukuba ikhompyutha yekhompyutheni ingasetyenziselwa yonke imigangatho ye-Wi-Fi iboniswe. Ngoko ke, ukuba ufuna ukufumana unxibelelwano olubanzi kunxibelelwano lwentambo yee wireless, khangela ikhomputha yekhompyutheni ebhalwe njenge-802.11ac okanye i-802.11a / g / n inethiwekhi engenazintambo ezingenantambo. Oku kungathunyelwa njenge-double-band 802.11n kuba ixhasa i-spectrum 2.4GHz kunye ne-5GHz.
Nalu uluhlu lweminye yemigangatho ye-Wi-Fi:
- I-802.11a - 54Mbps, i-5GHz Band, esetyenzisiweyo kakhulu yi-Corporations
- 802.11b - 11Mpbs, 2.4GHz Band
- 802.11g - 54Mbps, 2.4GHz Band
- 802.11n - Kufike kwi-450Mbps Standard, 2.4 okanye 5GHz Band
- 802.11ac - Ukufikelela kwi-1.3Gbps, kwi-5GHz Band kodwa emva koko ihambelana namaqela angama-2.4GHz nge-802.11n
I-Ethernet (iWired Networking)
Kuze kube lula ukuxhumeka kwenethiwekhi ezingenazintambo, ukuxhunywa kwenethwekhi ephakamileyo kwakudinga ukusetyenziswa kwekhebula le-Ethernet elixhunyiwe kwi-laptop ukuya kwisixhobo senethiwekhi. I-Ethernet ibe yinkqubo ye-intanethi ye-intanethi ye-intanethi kwiminyaka emininzi itholakala kwiikhompyutha nganye. Ngokugxininiswa kwii-laptops ezincinci ezifana ne- ultrabooks ezingenayo indawo efunekayo kwi-port ye-cable, ezininzi iinkqubo ngoku ziye zalahla ukuxhamla kweso sikhundla.
Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziqhelekileyo zee-Ethernet esheshayo ngoku. Eyona nto ixhaphakileyo kude kube kutshanje yayiyi-Fast Ethernet okanye i-10/100 Ethernet. Oku kunomlinganiselo ophezulu we-data we-100Mbps kwaye ubuyela emva ohambelana nomgangatho ophezulu we-10Mbps we-Ethernet. Oku kufunyanwa kwizinto ezininzi zokuxhumela abathengi ezifana neekhamera ze-cable kunye ne-DSL. Umgangatho osanda kutshanje nguGigabit Ethernet. Oku kuvumela inkxaso yoxhumo olufikelela kwi-1000Mbps kwiimpawu zokunxibelelana ezixhumeneyo. Njenge-Fast Ethernet, ibuyela emva ehambelanayo kunye neenethwekhi ezincinci zenethiwekhi.
Isantya se-Ethernet siza kubaluleke kakhulu xa uxhuma phakathi kwezixhobo kumnatha wommandla wengingqi (LAN) . Unxibelelwano oluninzi lwebhanki luhamba kancane kunomgangatho oqhelekileyo we-Ethernet nangona le nto iqala ukutshintsha ngee-intanethi eziphezulu zefiber.
ibluetooth
I-Bluetooth ingumgangatho womnatha wokunxibelelana nge-wire osebenzisa enye ye-2.4GHz njenge-Wi-Fi. Inokusetyenziswa ngokukodwa kwiintambo ezingenazintambo ezingenazintambo kunokuba kunxibelelwano. Kukho umbandela omnye ongasetyenziselwa wona kwaye ulungelelanisa kwifowuni engenantambo . Oku kuvumela i-laptop ukuba isebenzise ikhonkco yedata ye-wireless. Ngelishwa, ezininzi iinkcukacha ze-wireless e-United States azivumeli ukulungelelanisa okanye zineenqununu ukwenzela ukuba zikwazi ukuyenza ngecebo. Hlola nomphathiswa wakho ukuba ngaba le nto ungayinomdla kuyo. Isixhobo sichaphazeleka kakhulu ngoku kodwa ngenxa yekhono le -Wi-Fi lolwazi lwee-smartphone.
I-Wireless / 3G / 4G (WWAN)
Ukufakwa kweemodem ezingenaselula okanye ii-adapter ze-3G / 4G zokunxibelelana ngokunxibelelwano kudibanisa ngokukhawuleza kwiikhomputha zeekhompyutha. Abafaki bavame ukubhekisela kule nto njengenethiwekhi yokunxibelelanisa engabanxibelelwano engena-wireless okanye i-WWAN. Oku kunokuvumela ikhompyutha yekhomputha ukuba ixhumane kwi-intanethi nge-intanethi yefowuni engenakwizinga eliphezulu ngaphandle kokuba kungenakho ukufikelela. Oku kunokuba luncedo kakhulu kodwa kubaluleke kakhulu kuba kufuna iimvumelwano ezizodwa zedatha. Ukongezelela, iimodemu ezingenawaya ezakhiwe kwii-laptops zivaliwe kumniki othile okanye inqanaba lomnatha. Ngenxa yoko, andinakucebisa abasebenzisi ukuba bajonge ezi mpawu kwaye bathenge i-modem yangaphandle ye-wire esebenzisa i-USB ukuba ufuna ngokwenene inkonzo. Enye inketho yisefowuni ye-hotspot yeselula edibanisa i-Wi-Fi router kwi-modem engenawo ucingo. Bafuna iimvumelwano zedatha kodwa banako ukusetyenziswa kunye naliphi na i-Wi-Fi.
Modem
Xa sele yindlela ephezulu kakhulu yokunxibelelana, i- modem ayifumaneki kwii-laptops ngoku. I-network-up networking enye yeyona ndlela idala kakhulu yokunxibelelana kwiikhomputha ze-PC. Nangona uxhulumaniso lwebhanki luxhaphake kakhulu ekhaya, xa usendleleni kwindawo ezikude le nto ingaba yindlela kuphela yokuxhuma. Ikhefu yefowuni elula ifakwe kwi laptop kwaye ifowuni yefowuni ivumela umsebenzisi ukuba axhumane nge-akhawunti yokudayela. Nangona iiptops ezininzi zingenakuzifaka ezi zibuko, kuhlale kunokwenzeka ukuthenga i-modem ye-USB yokunciphisa ngexabiso eliphantsi ukuyisebenzisa kunye nayiphi na ikhompyutha. Umgca wecala kukuba imodemu ye-analog ayisebenzanga ngokubanzi ngeendlela ezininzi zeVoIP ngenxa yokunciphisa idatha.
Ngenxa yokunciphisa ukuhanjiswa kwedatha elayini kwimigca yefowuni, isantya esiphezulu sama-56Kbps sele sifikelelwe ixesha elithile. Nayiphi na i-laptop ephethe imodem iya kuba i-56Kbps ehambelanayo. Ukwahlukana nje kuphela kuluhlu lwe-v.90 okanye uhlobo lwe-v2.2. Ezi ziindlela ezimbini zoxhumano lweedatha kwaye ziguquguquke kakhulu xa zifika ekunxibelelwano ngokuthe ngqo.