Ukusebenzisa Amacandelo ezeMali ukuQinisekisa ukuKwakheka kwe-Asset ye-IT
Ukuqinisekisa ukutyalomali kwe-IT yikhono elibalulekileyo kunoma ubani osebenza kwithekhnoloji. Nangona iinqununu ezininzi zokwenza utyalo lwe-IT ziza kwenziwa ngunkokeli kwintlangano ye-IT, ngokuqhelekileyo iziphakamiso zezixhobo ezintsha okanye iinkonzo ziya kuvela kubasebenzi be-IT. Kubalulekile ukuqonda isigama kunye neendlela ezisisiseko zokwenza ityala lokutyalomali kwisixhobo esitsha. Yinto enye yokucela ukutshintsha isofthiwe yesicelo sakho sediskhi. Uyakuva, "siza kujonga kwi-blah blah blah". Ngenye indlela, tshela into efana nokutshintsha i-software yediskripsi yonyango iya kulondoloza i-IT $ 35,000 ngonyaka kwaye iya kuhlawula ngokwayo kwiminyaka emithathu ", uza kufumana impendulo eninzi kakhulu kwi-IT management yakho. Ndiyakuqinisekisa oko.
Eli nqaku liza kukunika izakhono ezisisiseko ezifunekayo ukuhlalutya nokudala uluhlu lwezolimo ezicetywayo ze-IT. Kufuneka uqonde izinto ezisisiseko ngaphambi kokuba uthathe i-dive ejulile kulezi zindlela zezimali. Jonga amanqaku amamva apho ndiza kunika amanqaku aphezulu okuhlalutya ukulungiselela ukutyalomali kwe-IT kwizixhobo okanye kwinkonzo.
I-Basic IT Inkcazo yokuHlaliswa koTyalo-mali
Inkcitho-mali-mali (CAPEX): Ixabiso eliyinkunzi lisetyenziswe ukuhlukanisa ukuthenga okunobomi obuncedo ngaphezu konyaka. Ngokomzekelo, xa inkampani ithenga i-laptop ngomsebenzi, kulindeleke ukuba i-laptop ihlale iminyaka emi-3 okanye-4. Ababhali be-Akhawunti bafuna olu hlobo lotyalo-mali lwe-IT ukuba luhlawulwe ngeli xesha kunokuba lihlawulwe ngunyaka kuthengwe. Inkampani ngokuqhelekileyo inemigaqo-nkqubo ebomini obuncedo lwezixhobo kwakunye nexabiso elincinane leedola ngenjongo yenkcitho enkulu. Ngokomzekelo, ikhibhodi ebiza i-$ 50 ayiyi kuthathwa njengenkunzi.
Ukuhla kwexabiso: Ukunciphisa ixabiso lusetyenziswa ukusabalalisa indleko yentengo ye-IT eyinkunzi ngaphezu kobomi bokuncedwa kokuthenga. Ngokomzekelo, cinga ukuba umgaqo-nkqubo wenkcitho-mali usetyenzise ukuhla kwexabiso elichanekileyo. Oku kuthetha nje ukuba ukuhla kwexabiso kuya kufana ngonyaka. Masithi uthenge i-server entsha malunga ne-3,000 yee-$ kunye nobomi obulindelekileyo kwiminyaka emithathu. Ukunciphisa i-IT utshalomali kuya kuba yi-$ 1,000 ngonyaka ngamnye iminyaka emithathu. Ukunciphisa.
Ukuhamba kwemali: Ukuhamba kwemali kukuhamba kwemali kunye nokuphuma kwishishini. Kufuneka uqonde umehluko phakathi kwemali kunye nezinto ezingekho imali. Ngokuqhelekileyo, imali isetyenziswe xa kubalwa ixabiso le-IT investment. Ukunciphisa ixabiso lokungabikho kwemali elithetha ukuba i-asethi ephantsi ihlawulwe kakade kodwa usasaza indleko malunga nobomi bexabiso. Ukuthengwa kwangaphambili kotyalo-mali lwe-IT kuya kuqwalaselwa ukuphuma kwemali xa uhlalutyo lwezezimali.
Isaphulelo soNgcengo: Eli lizinga elisetyenziselwa ukuhlalutya kwi-akhawunti yokuba i-dollar namhlanje ibaluleke kakhulu kwi dollar kwiminyaka emi-5 okanye eyi-10. Ukusebenzisa isaphulelo sokutsalwa kotyalo-mali ku-IT yindlela yokuchaza iidola ezizayo malunga neerola zamhlanje. Iqondo lokunciphisa ngokwayo liphantsi kweencwadi ezininzi zetekisi. Ukuba ufuna ixabiso lokuchithwa elichanekileyo kwenkampani yakho, qhagamshelana neSebe lakho leencwadi. Ngaphandle koko siya kusebenzisa into efana ne-10% emele ukunyuka kwamaxabiso kunye nereyithi inkampani inokukwazi ukuyifumana ngemali engayinayo kwisixhobo sakho se-IT. Kufana neendleko zamathuba.
IT Technologies Analysis Analysis
Kukho iindlela ezininzi zokuncedisa ukuhlalutya imali-mali (IT capital). Kuxhomekeka ngokwenene uhlobo lotyalo-mali owenzayo kunye nokukhula kombutho we-IT ekuhloleni ukuthengwa kwemali. Ubungakanani bentlangano banokudlala indima. Kodwa gcinani engqondweni yinto engathathi ixesha elide kwaye nangona usebenza kwintlangano encinci ukuya kumgangatho ophakathi, le mzamo iya kuxabiswa.
Kule nqaku, siza kujonga i-2 elula yokusetyenziswa kwe-IT. Ndiyakukukhuthaza ukuba usebenzise zombini kunye ndawonye bathetha umfanekiso opheleleyo ngakumbi wexabiso lotyalo-mali olucetywayo lwe-IT.
- Ixabiso langoku leNkcazo
- Ixesha lokubuyisela
Ixabiso elikhoyo elikhoyo (NPV)
Ixabiso leNkcazo elikhoyo liyiyobuchule bezemali eziqulunqa uluhlu lwemali yokuhamba kwexesha kunye nezaphulelo nganye ukuya kwangoku. Ixabiso elikhoyo elikhoyo liqwalasela ixabiso lexesha lemali. Kuqhelekile ukujonga ukuphuma kwemali kunye nokuphuma kwemali ngaphezu kwexesha lesi-3 ukuya kwe-5 kwaye uhlawule ukuphuma kwenetha ngaphantsi kwe-net flow in value one. Ukuba inani lilungile, iprojekthi iya kubongeza inzuzo kwintlangano kwaye ukuba i-NPV ayibi, iya kuba nexabiso elincinci lombutho. Uhlobo lwangempela lohlalutyo lwe-NPV xa kuthelekiswa nokunye utyalo-mali lwe-IT. I-NPV inikezela ixabiso lexabiso leentlobo ze-IT kunye ne-NPV ephezulu ngokuqhelekileyo ithathwe kwezinye iindlela.
Inxalenye enzima ye-Net Present Value calc calculation numbers are to use in the analysis. Kwinqanaba le-outflow ye-equation, ungasebenzisa iindleko ezipheleleyo zotyalo-mali kunye neendleko zokugcina kunye neendleko zokuphunyezwa. Icandelo lokungena liba nzima nakakhulu ukufikelela. Ukuba utyalo-mali lwe-IT luvelisa ingeniso engaphezulu, oku kukhangele phambili kwaye ungasebenzisa la manani kuhlalutyo lwakho. Xa i-inflows (okanye inzuzo) ekubhekiselele kwicala elincinci lithetha ukuba banokuzithoba ngokufana nokulondoloza ngexesha, kunzima kakhulu ukuqikelela.
Eyona nto ingcono ongayenza kukuba uxwebhu olucatshulwayo kwaye uhambe nomzimba wakho. Makhe senze umzekelo apho wenza utyalo-mali lwe-IT kwiphakheji yesofthiwe yescedo. Inzuzo yolu hlobo lotyalo mali ligcinwa lixesha ngabasebenzi be-IT kwaye mhlawumbi ukwaneliseka okwenziwe kwintlalo yomsebenzisi. Ukuba utshintshe iphakheji yesofthiwe yesicelo esele ikhona, ungasindisa imali ekugcinweni kweso simiso. Kufuneka udibanise ukungena kunye nokuphuma ukuze uhlalutye i-Net Present Value (NPV) uhlalutyo lwesiphakamiso sakho sokutsalwa kwe-IT.
Ingenisa: Iingeniso okanye iinzuzo ezibangelwa utyalo-mali lwe-IT zingaba ziphantsi kwaye zingaphantsi. Amaxesha amaninzi, inzuzo yotyalo-mali lwe-IT ulondolozo ngexesha, ukwaneliseka komxhasi okanye ezinye iinombolo "ezithambileyo". Nayi imizekelo embalwa yeengeniso.
- Iindleko zokugcina ezigcinwe kwi-software yomhlalaphantsi
- Ixesha elondolozwe ngabasebenzi be-IT ngenxa yokusebenza kongeziweyo
- Ingeniso eyongezelelweyo
Iziphumo: Imifuno ibonakala kulula ukuqikelela kodwa ezinye ziyakwazi ukuzithoba. Nayi imimiselo embalwa yokuphuma.
- Iindleko zesofthiwe (iimali zelayisenisi, njl.)
- Ukugcinwa
- Iindleko zokuphunyezwa kwangaphandle
Lo mfanekiso mkhulu ukhombisa uhlalutyo lotyalo lwe-IT olusebenzisa uhlalutyo lweNet Present Value (NPV). I-Excel yenza olu hlobo lohlalutyo lulula. Kwakhona unomsebenzi wokubala i-NPV. Njengoko unokubona kumfanekiso, ndibeke ukuphuma kunye nokuphuma kwonyaka kwaye kubalwa i-NPV esekelwe kwisilinganiso sokunciphisa i-10%.
- Uhlalutyo lwe-NPV: Utyalo-mali lwe-IT (umfanekiso omkhulu)
Ixesha lokubuyisela
Uphumo lohlalutyo lwe-Payback Period lubonisa ukuba utyalo-mali lwe-IT luthatha ixesha elingakanani ukubuyisela indleko yotyalo-mali. Ngokuqhelekileyo kubhalwe kwiminyaka kodwa oku kuxho mekeke kuhlalutyo lwexesha. Ixesha lokuhlawula liba ngumlinganiselo olula kodwa kuphela ngesethi esilula. Nantsi indlela yokubala i-Payback Period kwi-IT utshalomali. Ngokuqhelekileyo, iifutshane i-Payback Period ayingozi kakhulu utyalo-mali lwe-IT.
[Iindleko ze-IT Investment] / [Ikheshi yonyaka eveliswe kwi-IT Investment]
Makhe sijonge imeko apho uthengela isicatshulwa se-e-commerce ye $ 100,000. Cinga ukuba le nxalenye yesofthiwe inyuse ingeniso nge-$ 35,000 ngonyaka. Ukubalwa kwePeriod Period kuya kuba yi-$ 100,000 / $ 35,000 = iminyaka engama-2.86. Ngaloo ndlela, utyalo-mali uza kuhlawula ngokwawo kwiminyaka emi-2 kunye neenyanga ezili-10.
Kukho umda obalaseleyo wokubala i-Payback Period usebenzisa isethi esilula esicatshulwayo. Akunakwenzeka ukuba ingeniso evela kutyalo-mali lwe-IT iya kuza ngokulinganayo ngexesha elide. Kukho okuninzi ngakumbi kumsondeza wemali ukuba ungalingani. Kule meko, kufuneka ubhekise ukwanda kwenyaka yonyaka kwingeniso de ukutsalwa kwe-IT yasekuqaleni "kuhlawulwa".
Cinga ngomzekelo ofanayo ukusuka phezulu. Makhe sicinge ukuba ngonyaka we-1, ukwanda kwenani lentlawulo evela kwingxowa-mali ye-IT yi-$ 17,000. Kwiminyaka yesi-2, 3, 4 ne-5 yi-$ 29,000, i-$ 45,000, i-$ 51,000 kunye ne-33,000 yezigidi, ngokulandelanayo. Nangona oku kukunyuka kwenyuka-mali kwenyanga engama-35,000, i-Payback Period iyahluke ngenxa yengeniso engafaniyo eyenziwe kule mali-mali. Ixesha lokubuyisela kumzekelo ngokwenene ngakumbi emva kweminyaka engama-3 elide kunokubala kokuqala usebenzisa isilinganiso. Ukujonga ukwanda kwenyusiso kwintlawulo, ungabona xa utyalo-mali lwangaphambili luhlanganiswe. Kulo mzekelo, thola apho iindleko zokutyalomali kwe-IT (i-$ 100,000) zihlanganiswe. Uyabona ukuba kwenzeka phakathi konyaka wesi-3 no-4.
Ukwanda kweNkxaso kwiNgeniso:
- Unyaka 1 - $ 17,000
- Unyaka 2 - $ 46,000
- Unyaka 3 - $ 91,000
- Unyaka wesi-4 - $ 142,000
- Unyaka 5 - $ 175,000
Qwalasela isampuli ye-IT yokutsalwa kwe-Excel spreadsheet yefomula echanekileyo yokubala i-Payback Period.
IT Investment Proposal
Ngoxa iibalo zibalulekile ekuhlalutweni kwe-IT, akusiyo yonke into. Ndiyincoma kakhulu ukuba ubeke ndawonye isiphakamiso endaweni yokushicilela i-spreadsheet yakho okanye ukuthumela i-imeyili ngeziphumo. Cinga nge-CFO yakho njengabaphulaphuli xa behlanganisana nesiphakamiso. Ekugqibeleni, ukuba unokuphelisa kwideski yakhe nantoni na.
Ndiya kuncomela ukuba uqale isiluleko ngesishwankathelo esifutshane se-IT (imali-mali) oyicebisayo elandelwa sisishwankathelo esifutshane ngamazwi eziphumo zohlalutyo lwakho (kunye nezibalo zesishwankathelo). Ekugqibeleni, fakela uhlalutyo olubanzi lwepredishithi kwaye unesiphakamiso sokuqeqeshelwa ukuba umphathi wakho uya kuqonda.
Iphakheji yakho yokwenza isicelo se-IT ingafaka:
- Isishwankathelo: umhlathi okanye ezimbini zifingqa ukutyalomali kwe-IT oyicebisayo.
- Ukulungelelaniswa: umhlathi okanye ezimbini zifingqa iziphumo zohlalutyo lwakho kunye nekhono owalisebenzisileyo (faka ithebula lesishwankathelo)
- Ukuprinta: ukuprinta okucocekileyo kwe-spreadsheet ye-Excel kubonisa uhlalutyo olunzulu
ISample Excel Spreadsheet
Isampuli ye-Excel spreadsheet ineephepha ezi-3 ezibandakanya:
- Isishwankathelo
- Ixabiso elikhoyo elikhoyo (NPV) Ukubalwa
- UkuBhaliswa kweeNtlawulo
- Uhlalutyo loTyalo-mali - i-Excel 97-2003 Version
Ukuba unemibuzo ephathelele ukulungiswa kwezimali ze-IT, ndilahle i-imeyile okanye iposi kwi-New Tech Forum.