Dive ngaphakathi kwibhokisi ye-loudspeaker
Isandi sasijikelezile. Kwindalo, iveliswa yimikhosi yemvelo kunye nezinto eziphilayo, kwaye uninzi lwabantu luyakwazi ukuva isandi ngeendlebe zabo.
Ngobuchule bethu bekhnoloji, abantu banokubamba isandi ngokusebenzisa i-microphone, eguqula umsindo kwiimvakalelo zombane ezingabhalwa kwindlela ethile yokugcina imidiya. Xa sele ithunyelwe kwaye igcinwe, inokuphinda ikhiqizwe emva kwexesha okanye kwindawo. Ukuphulaphulwa kweefayili kudinga idivayisi yokudlala, i-amplifier, kunye neyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu, i-loudspeaker.
01 ngo-06
Yintoni i-Loudspeaker?
I-Loudspeaker yisisithi esitshintsha imiqondiso yombane ibe sisandi ngenxa yenkqubo yokwenza i-electro-mechanical process. Abathethi baquka ngokubakho ukwakhiwa okulandelayo:
- Isakhelo sobunzima esichazwe ngokuba yi-Basketball apho zonke izixhobo zesithethi zifakwe khona.
- Iveferensi ephosa umoya ngentshukumo. Iipateni zokutshatyalaliswa yilezi zinto ezivelisa iifom ezivakalayo ezifunyenwe ngendlebe zakho. I-Diaphragm idla ngokuba yiCone. Nangona i-cone eshukumisayo isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo, kukho ukuhlukahluka (kuxutyushwa kamva kweli nqaku).
- Ingcango yangaphandle yeerubha, i-foam, okanye enye into ehambelana nayo, ekubhekiswe kuyo njenge-Surround (ingadityaniswa kunye nesandi esijikelezayo okanye izithethi ezungezekileyo) ezithintela i-diaphragm endaweni, ngelixa zibonelela ngokuguquguquka ngokwaneleyo ukwenzela ukuba zidibanise. Inkxaso eyongezelelweyo inikezwa esinye isakhiwo, esibizwa ngokuba yiNgqungquthela. I-Spider iqinisekisa ukuba isithethi esichukumisayo sesithethi kunye neenxa zonke asikuthinteli isakhelo sesinyithi esingaphandle.
- I-Coil Coil ehlanganiswe nge-electromagnet isetyenziswe ngasemva kwesithintelo. I-Magnet / Voice Coil assembly inikezela amandla okwenza i-diaphragm idudle ngokuhambelana neendlela ezifunyenwe ngogesi.
- Iithethi eziphathekayo nazo zinobuncinane obunxulumene nommandla apho i-coil yelizwi ifakwe kwisihlunu. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yiCape Cap.
Isithethi (esibizwa ngokuba ngumqhubi wesithethi, okanye umshayeli), ngoku sinokuvelisa isandi, kodwa ibali alipheli apho.
Ukuqinisekisa ukuba isithethi senza kakuhle kwaye ikhangeleka kakuhle, ifuna ukufakwa ngaphakathi kwi-enclosure. Nangona ininzi yexesha, i-enclosure yinto ethile yebhokisi lebhokisi, ezinye izinto, ezifana neplastiki kunye ne-aluminium ngamanye amaxesha zisetyenziswa. Esikhundleni sebhokisi, izithethi nazo zingena kwezinye iimoko, njengepaneli yiplati okanye indawo.
Kwakhona, njengoko kukhankanywe ngasentla, asikho zonke izithethi zisebenzisa i-cone ukuvelisa isandi. Umzekelo, abanye abenzi isithethi, njenge-Klipsch, sebenzisa Amacenge ngaphezu kwesikhulumi sesithethi, ngelixa abanye abenzi isithethi, ngokugqithiseleyo, uMartin Logan, basebenzisa iteknoloji ye-Electrostatic ekwakheni izithethi, kanti abanye, njengeMagnepan, basebenzisa ubuchwepheshe beRibbon. Kukho neemeko apho isandi senziwa kwakhona ngeendlela ezingezizo zendabuko .
02 we-06
I-Full-Range, Woofers, iTweeters, kunye nabathethi be-Mid-range Speakers
Somlomo opheleleyo
I-loudspeaker efihliweyo iqukethe isithethi esisodwa, enikwe umsebenzi wokuvelisa zonke ii-frequencies ezithunyelwa kuso. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba isithethi sincinci kakhulu, sinokuvelisa kuphela iifom ephezulu. Ukuba "ubukhulu bomyinge", kunokuvelisa isandi sezwi lomuntu kunye neendlela ezifanayo, kodwa ziwela kwiibanga eziphakamileyo kunye neephantsi. Ukuba isithethi sikhulu kakhulu, sinokuhamba kakuhle kunye nezikhundla eziphantsi kwaye, mhlawumbi, kwii-frequency zobubanzi, kodwa kungenakukwenza kakuhle ngamazinga aphezulu.
Isisombululo, ukucwangcisa uhla lwezantya ezinokuphinda luphinde luphinde lube neentetho zobukhulu obuhlukeneyo ngaphakathi kwendawo efanayo.
Woofers
I-woofer yisithethi esisezantsi kwaye sakhiwe ukwenzela ukuba sikwazi ukuvelisa iifayile eziphantsi okanye eziphantsi kunye neendawo eziphakathi kwee-intanethi (ngakumbi ngaphezulu kule izayo). Olu hlobo lwesithethi luninzi lomsebenzi ekuzaliseni iifom oziva, njengezandi, izixhobo ezininzi zomculo kunye nemiphumo yesandi. Ngokuxhomekeke kubukhulu be-enclosure, i-woofer ingaba yincinci njenge-intshi-4 ububanzi okanye inkulu njenge-intshi eziyi-15. I-Woofers ene diameter engu-6.5 ukuya kwe-8 intshi ziqhelekileyo kwizithethi ezimileyo, ngelixa i-woofers nge diameter kwi-4 ne-5 intshi yee-intanethi ziqhelekile kwiibhalela zezibhengezo.
Abaxhasi
I-tweeter isithethi esilungiselelwe ngokukhethekileyo esincinci kakhulu kunokuba i-woofer kodwa inikwe umsebenzi wokuvelisa iifayile zomsindo ngaphezulu kweengongoma ezithile, kuquka, kwezinye iimeko, izandi ukuba indlebe yabantu ayikwazi ukuva ngokuthe ngqo, kodwa ingaqonda.
Esinye isizathu sokuba i-tweeter inenzuzo kukuba ekubeni i-high-frequencies iphezulu, i-tweeters zenzelwe ukusabalalisa izandi eziphakamileyo eziphezulu ukuze zivakala ngokuchanekileyo. Ukuba ukusabalalisa kuncinci kakhulu, umphulaphuli unenani elincinci lokukhethwa kweendawo zokumamela. Ukuba ukusabalalisa kubanzi kakhulu, umqondiso wesikhokelo apho isandi esivela khona silahlekile.
Iintlobo zabathengisi:
- Ikhonkco - Ingcaciso encinci yesithethi esisezantsi.
- Idome - Ikhoyili yezwi iqhotyoshelwe kwidome engenziwa yintsimbi okanye isinyithi esivumelanayo (njengaleyo iboniswe kwisithombeni).
- I-Piezo - Esikhundleni sekhoyili yezwi kunye ne-cone okanye idome, uxhumano lwamandla lusetyenziselwa kwi-crystal ye-piezoelectric, ebuye iguqule i-diaphragm.
- I-Ribbon - Esikhundleni se-diaphragm yendabuko, amandla ombane asetyenziswa kwiibhoni ezincinci ukwenza isandi.
- I-Electrostatic - Isalathisi esincinci imisiwe phakathi kwezikrini ezimbini zetsimbi. Izikrini zisabela kwisiganeko sombane ngendlela yokuba ziphuma ngaphandle, zenzeke ngokukhawuleza kwaye zitshintshe i-diaphragm ezityhiweyo, ukudala ukududuza okufunekayo ukudala isandi.
Abathethi be-Mid-range
Nangona isithethi esivaliweyo singabandakanya i-woofer kunye ne-tweeter ukugqithisa uluhlu lwamaxesha onke, abanye abenzi isithethi bathabatha inyathelo elongezelelweyo ngokungongeza isithethi sesithathu esahlukanisa iifom eziphantsi kunye neendawo eziphakathi. Oku kubhekiselwa kuyo njengesithethi se-Mid-range.
2-Way vs 3-Way
Iibhenca ezibandakanya nje i-woofer kunye ne-tweeter zibizwa ngokuba yi-2-Way Somlomo, ngelixa i-enclosure eyakha indlu ye-woofer, i-tweeter, kunye ne-middle-range ibhekiselwa njengesithethi se-3-Way.
Unokucinga ukuba kufuneka uhlale unika isithethi se-3, kodwa oko kuya kudukisa. Unokwenza isakhelo esilungileyo se-2 esivakalayo esicacileyo okanye esetyenziswe kakuhle esithethi-3 esithethi esicatyekayo.
Akukona nje ubungakanani kunye nenani lezithethi ezibalulekileyo, kodwa ziziphi izinto ezakhiwa ngazo, ukuveliswa kwangaphakathi kwe-enclosure, kunye nomgangatho wecandelo elilandelayo elifunekayo-iCrossover.
03 we-06
Crossovers
Awuyikuphosa i-woofer kunye ne-tweeter, okanye i-woofer, i-tweeter, kunye ne-middle-range kwibhokisi yefowuni kunye kunye nethemba elivakalayo.
Xa une-woofer / tweeter, okanye i-woofer / tweeter / isikhulumi-ntetho kwi-khabhinethi yakho, ufuna i-crossover.
I-crossover isekethe yesiganeli esinika i-frequency range kwiintetho ezahlukeneyo.
Ngokomzekelo, kwisithethi se-2, i-crossover isetyenziswe kwinqanaba le-frequency-nayiphi na iifom ephezulu ngasentla kwinqanaba ithunyelwa kwi-tweeter, ngelixa intsalela ithunyelwa kwi-woofer.
Kwisithethi se-3, i-crossover ingenziwa yenzelwe ukuba ibe neengongoma ezimbini eziqhelekileyo-enye ibamba ingongoma phakathi kwe-woofer kunye ne-middle-range, enye enye leyo ngongoma phakathi kwe-middle-range kunye ne-tweeter.
Amanqaku aphindaphindiweyo ukuba i-crossover isetyenziswe ngokuhluka. I-2-way ye-crossover point ingaba ngu-3kHz (nantoni apha ngasentla iya kwi-tweeter, nantoni na ngezantsi ihamba kwi-woofer), kunye neendawo ezi-3-crossover points zingama-160-200Hz phakathi kwe-woofer kunye ne-middle-range, kunye ne-3Hz umgca phakathi kwe-middle-range kunye ne-tweeter.
04 we-06
Radiators neePorts
I-Radiator engapheliyo ibonakala ngathi isithethi, inesithoso, sijikeleze, isicabangca, kunye nesakhelo, kodwa asilahlekanga ikhoyili yezwi. Esikhundleni sokusebenzisa i-coil yezwi ukududuza isithwathwa sesithethi, i-radiator engabonakaliyo iduduza ngokuhambelana nomlinganiselo womoya u-woofer uphonsa ngaphakathi ngaphakathi.
Oku kudala impembelelo eyongezelelweyo apho i-woofer inika amandla amandla okuba ngokwawo kunye ne-radiator engahambelaniyo. Nangona kungenjalo kufana nokuba ne-woofers ezimbini ezixhunyiwe ngqo kwi-amplifier, ukudibanisa kwe-woofer kunye ne-radiator engabonakaliyo ekuveliseni iziphumo ezingaphezulu. Le nkqubo isebenza kakuhle kwiikhabhinethi zincinci zincinci, njengoko i-woofer eyona nto ingakhankanyiswa ngaphandle ekubhekiselele kummandla wokuphulaphula, ngelixa i-radiator engabonakaliyo ingafakwa kwisithuba sesithethi.
Enye indlela eya kwi-radiator engeyona ndawo yiPort. Ichweba yimboyi ebeka phambi okanye ngasemva kwesithethi esivaliweyo ukwenzela ukuba umoya uphunyezwe yi-woofer ithunyelwe kwi-port, ukudala ukuphuculwa komnxeba ohambelana ne-frequency njenge-radiator.
Ukuze usebenze kakuhle kakuhle, ichweba kufuneka libe yinto ethile kunye nobubanzi kwaye kufuneka ilungelelaniswe kwimimiselo ethile ye-enclosure kunye ne-woofer encedisayo. Abathethi ababandakanya ichweba batyathwa njengeBass Reflex Speakers .
05 ka 06
I-Subwoofer
Kukho olunye uhlobo lwe-loudspeaker lokuqwalasela - i-Subwoofer. I-subwoofer yenzelwe ukuvelisa ii-frequencies eziphantsi kakhulu kwaye isetyenziselwa kakhulu kwizicelo zasekhaya zasekhaya .
Imimiselo yayiyi-subwoofer efunwayo yayiza kuzalisa imiphumo ethile ephantsi (i-LFE), njengezantyikima kunye nokuqhutyelwa kweebhayisikobho, kunye nomculo, amanqaku emibhobho yomzimba, i-acoustic bass, okanye i-tympani.
Uninzi lwe-subwoofers lunikezelwa . Oku kuthetha ukuba ngokungafani nesithethi sendabuko, baneendawo zabo zokwakha. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, nje ngezinye izithethi zendalo, bangasebenzisa i-radiator okanye ichwethi ukuze bangene impendulo ephantsi.
06 we-06
Ngaphantsi
I-Loudspeakers zenzelwe ukuvelisa izandi ezirekhodiweyo ukuze zive ngexesha elithile okanye kwindawo. Kukho iindlela eziliqela zokuyila i-loudspeaker, kubandakanywa i-shelf kunye nokukhethwa kweesayizi zokuma .
Ngaphambi kwakho nge-loudspeaker okanye i-loudspeaker system, ukuba kunokwenzeka, yenza okulula ukuphulaphula kunye nomxholo ( iiCD , iiDVD , ii- Blu-ray / Ultra HD HD ii-Blu-ray Discs, okanye iiRekodi zeVinyl ) owazi ngazo.
Kwakhona, ingqalelo nje ukuba isithethi sihlanganiswa njani, ubukhulu bayo, okanye ubuninzi beendleko kodwa ukuba buva njani kuwe.
Ukuba uyala iisithethi kwi-intanethi, khangela ukuba kukho ityala lokuphulaphula leentsuku ezingama-30 okanye ezingama-60 ezikhoyo njengoko kukho nawaphi amabango anxulumene nokusebenza okungenako, awuyi kuqonda indlela aya kuvakala ngayo kwigumbi lakho de uze uqalise. Mamela iintetho zakho ezitsha iintsuku eziliqela, njengenzuzo zesikhulumi kwisithuba sokuqala sithuba phakathi kwama-40-100 iiyure.
I-Bonus Isihloko: Indlela yokucoca nokugcina iiNtetho zakho