NgoMatshi 28, 2016: Ukulwa kuphelile. I-FBI yamemezela namhlanje ukuba iphumelele ekuchithweni kwe-iPhone ngaphandle kokubandakanya i-Apple. Yenza njalo ngoncedo lwekampani yenkampani yesithathu, ogama layo lingakhengezelwa. Oku kuyimangalisa, ngenxa yokuba abaninzi ababukeleyo bacinga ukuba oku kungayi kwenzeka kwaye i-FBI kunye ne-Apple ziye zaya kwinkundla yamatyala athile.
Ndiyibona le miphumo ukuphumelela kwe-Apple, ekubeni inkampani yakwazi ukugcina isikhundla sayo kunye nokhuselo lwemveliso yalo.
I-FBI ayibonakali enkulu ephuma kule meko, kodwa ibonakala ifumene idatha eyifunayo, ngoko ke yile miphumo yempumelelo.
Umba ufile ngoku, kodwa silindele ukuba uza kubuya kwikamva. Ukuthotyelwa komthetho kusefuna ukufumana indlela yokufikelela kunxibelelwano olukhuselekileyo, ngakumbi kwimveliso eyenziwe yi-Apple. Xa omnye, imeko efana nale ivela kwixesha elizayo, lindele ukujonga i-Apple kunye noorhulumente emva kokuchasene.
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Yiyiphi ingcambu yempikiswano phakathi kwe-Apple kunye neFBI? Umba sele uphelele kwiindaba kwaye kuye kwaba ngongoma wokuthetha kwiphankaso yomongameli. Iimeko eziyinkimbinkimbi, zengqondo neyokudideka, kodwa kubalulekile kubo bonke abasebenzisi be-iPhone nabathengi be-Apple ukuqonda oko kwenzekayo. Enyanisweni, wonke umntu osebenzisa i-intanethi kufuneka aqonde imeko, kuba oko kwenzekayo apha kunokuchaphazela ngokukodwa ikamva lokhuseleko kubo bonke abasebenzisi be-intanethi.
Yintoni eqhubekayo phakathi kwe-Apple kunye ne-FBI?
I-Apple kunye neFBI zivalelwe empini malunga nokuba inkampani iya kunceda idatha ye-FBI yokufikelela kwi-iPhone esebenziswe nguSan Bernardino umqhubi we-Syed Rizwan Farook. I-iPhone-5C eqhuba iOS 9-ivela kwiSebe laseMpilo leSizwe laseSan Bernardino, umqeshi waseFarook kunye nokujoliswe kokuhlaselwa kwakhe.
Idatha kwifowuni ibhalwe ngefayile kwaye i-FBI ayikwazi ukuyifumana. I-arhente icela i-Apple ukuba incede ukuba ifikelele kule datha.
Yintoni i-FBI icela i-Apple ukuba yenze?
Isicelo se-FBI sinzima kakhulu kwaye sinobuchule ngaphezu kokucela i-Apple ukuba inikezele idatha. I-FBI iye yakwazi ukufikelela kwidatha ethile kwifowuni ye-iCloud yefowuni, kodwa ifowuni ayinakunyuswa kwinyanga ngaphambi kokudubula. I-FBI ikholelwa ukuba kunokubakho ubungqina obubalulekileyo kwifowuni ukususela ngeli xesha.
I-iPhone ikhuselwe ngekhowudi yepasta, equka isilungiselelo sokuvala ngokusisigxina yonke idatha kwifowuni ukuba ikhowudi ye-passcode engalunganga ifakiwe ngamaxesha angama-10. I-Apple ayinakho ukufikelela kwiidiscodi zebasebenzisi kunye neFBI, ngokuqondakalayo, ayifuni ukubeka ingozi ekutshitshiseni idatha yefowuni ngokuqikelela.
Ukufumana amanyathelo okhuseleko lwe-Apple kwaye ufinyelele idatha kwifowuni, i-FBI icela i-Apple ukuba yenze inguqu ekhethekileyo ye-iOS ekhupha isilungiselelo ukukhiya i-iPhone ukuba iifasidesi ezininzi ezingalunganga zingeniswa. I-Apple ingakwazi ukufaka loo nguqulo ye-iOS kwi-iPhone ye-Farook. Oku kuya kuvumela iFBI ukuba isebenzise inkqubo yecomputer ukuzama ukuqagela ikhowudi ye-passcode kwaye ifinyelele idatha.
I-FBI igxeka ukuba oku kufunekayo ukuncedisa ekuphandeni ukudubula kwaye, mhlawumbi, ekuthintela izenzo zogubungela kwixesha elizayo.
Kutheni i-Apple ingathobeli?
I-Apple yenqaba ukuthobela isicelo seFBI kuba ithi iya kubeka ubungozi kubasebenzisi bayo kwaye ibeke umthwalo ongafanelekanga kwinkampani. Iingxoxo ze-Apple zokungahambisani zibandakanya:
- Ukutshintshwa kwe-OS ngale ndlela kuphazamisa iinzame zokhuseleko lwazo-i- Apple igxeka ukuba ibeka amanyathelo okukhusela ngokuzikhethela kwaye ingqalelo kunye nesicwangciso. Ukunyanzeliswa ukudala le nguqulo entsha ye-iOS iya ngqo ngokumelene nomsebenzi wayo.
- Ukunciphisa ukuthembela komsebenzisi- Ukuba abathengi bayazi ukuba le ngxelo ye-iOS ikhuselekile kwaye inokuba urhulumente wase-US unokunyanzela Apple ukuba ayifake kwii-iPhones, akukho ndlela yokukwazi ukuba ngaba iinguqulelo ze-iOS ziza kubandakanya. Urhulumente unokuphoqa u-Apple ukuba awufake ngasese kuzo zonke iinguqulelo ze-iOS. Oku kukhathaza ngokukodwa kumazwe anoburhulumende obuninzi (ngaphezulu kwangoko).
- Ukwandisa iingozi ze-Apple- Ukuba ihlabathi liyazi ukuba le nguqulo ye-iOS ikhona, iyakwandisa kakhulu amathuba abo abahlaseli beza kuhlasela i-Apple ukuze bakwazi ukufikelela kwikhowudi.
- Ukwandisa ubungozi bezokhuseleko kubasebenzisi- Ukuba abahlaseli bephumelela ekufumaneni ikhowudi kwi-Apple, ubungozi bezokhuseleko kubasebenzisi beza kuphazamiseka. Ngohlobo olulungileyo lokuhlaselwa, abahlaseli banokukwazi ukukhohlisa abasebenzisi ekufakeni i-iOS ye-security-compromised version ye-iOS kwiixhobo zabo, eziza kuvula zonke iindidi zedatha kubaxhasi. Ukuqwalasela ukuba iifowuni ziqulethe iiphasiwedi, iinkcukacha zebhanki , ulwazi lwezempilo lomntu, iimpawu zeminwe kunye nokunye, umngcipheko uyacaca.
- Isicelo asizange senzeke-i- Apple iye yasiza rhoqo i-FBI ekuvuleni iPhones kwezinye iimeko. Akukaze kubekho iFBI okanye enye i-arhente karhulumente yacela i-Apple ukuba yenze isofthiwe entsha ekholelwa ukuba ayikho kuyo, okanye kubasebenzisi bayo, inomdla. Ingcamango yokuba urhulumente anganyanzelela iinkampani ezizimeleyo ukwenza izinto ezichasene nentando yabo yinto eyingozi.
- Isiseko sezomthetho se-FBI sinokungabaza- Lo uya kuba nomdla kakhulu kumagqwetha kunye nabalandeli belo hlobo lenkcazelo yomthetho / karhulumente, kodwa i-Apple igxeka ukuba isicelo se-FBI sisekelwe kwisicatshulwa esiyiphutha. Ithi yonke iMirrand Act ka-1798, leyo i-FBI ibiza njengenkxaso yesikhundla sayo, ayisebenzisi kwaye ikhuselwe yimiqathango yesibini neye-5.
Ngaba Kubalulekile Ukuba Le iPhone i-iPhone 5C isebenza iOS 9?
Ewe, ngezizathu ezimbalwa:
- Inguqu yezinto zokusebenza kwenkqubo-i- Apple isebenze amanyathelo amasha, angqongqo olusisiseko kwi-iOS 8. Ukuba ifowuni yayiqhuba into ethile endala, ukhuseleko aluyi kuba nzima ukuphula.
- Imodeli yemiba yefowuni- I-iPhone 5C yeyona ndlela yokugqibela ye-iPhone eyayingenayo i - ID ye-ID ye-Touch ID . Oku kubalulekile kuba yonke imodeli ye-ID ye-Touch nayo inesici esikhethekileyo sokukhuselwa njenge-enclave ekhuselekileyo. Le yilapho idatha ebalulekileyo, njengeminwe yakho yeminwe, igcinwa.
Kutheni Kunzima Kangako Ukufikelela Kule Nkcukacha?
Oku kuyanzima kunye nobugcisa kodwa unamathela kum. I-encryption eyisiseko kwi-iPhone inezinto ezimbini: ukhiye wokubhala ngokufihlakeleyo owenziwe kwifowuni xa ukhiqizwa kunye nekhowudi ye-passcode ekhethwe ngumsebenzisi. Ezi zinto zimbini zidibene ukudala "isitshixo" eshiya kwaye sivula ifowuni kunye nedatha yayo. Ukuba umsebenzisi ungena kwikhasikhodi ye-passcode, ifowuni ihlola iikhowudi ezimbini kwaye iyazivula.
Kukho imida ebekwe kule nkalo ukwenzela ukuba ikhuseleke ngakumbi. Njengoko kukhankanywe ngasentla, umda oyintloko ukhokelela i-iPhone ukuba ikhuphe ngokusisigxina ukuba ikhowudi yepasekhodi engalunganga ifakiwe ngamaxesha angama-10 (oku kuyimfuneko eyenziwa ngumsebenzisi).
Ukuqagela iipasipoti ze-passwords kule hlobo lemiba idlalwa yinkqubo yekhomputha eyenza yonke intsebenziswano enokwenzeka ukuba isebenze. Ikhowudi yeefayile ezi-ezine, kukho idibanti engama-10,000. Ngencwadana yepasethi eyi-6, loo nombolo iphakama ukuya kwi-1 million mix combinations. Iipasodedi zee-6 zeefayili zingenziwa ngamabini kunye neleta, enye ingxaki ebonisa ukuba kungathatha iminyaka engama-5 yemizamo yokuqiqa ngokuchanekileyo ikhowudi, ngokutsho kwe-Apple.
I-enclave ekhuselekileyo esetyenziswa kwezinye iinguqu ze-iPhone yenza oku kunzima nakakhulu.
Njalo xa ucinga idilesi ye-passcode, i-enclave ekhuselekileyo yenza ukuba ulinde ixesha elide ngaphambi kokuzama kwakho okulandelayo. I-iPhone 5C engxaki apha ayinayo i-enclave ekhuselekileyo, kodwa ukufakwa kwayo kuzo zonke ii-iPhones ezalandela kunika ingcamango yokuba lukhuselekile kangakanani loo mizekelo.
Kutheni iFBI ikhethe le Nkundla?
I-FBI ayizange ichaze oku, kodwa akunzima ukuqiqa. Ukunyanzeliswa komthetho kuye kwaxhatshazwa ngokumalunga neenkqubo zezokuphepha zika-Apple iminyaka. I-FBI inokuqikelela ukuba i-Apple ayiyi kuthanda ukuthatha indawo engathandekiyo kwimeko yecandelo lobugandaganda kunyaka wokunyulwa kwaye le nto iya kuba ithuba lokugqitywa kokukhuseleka kwe-Apple.
Ngaba ukunyanzeliswa komthetho kufuna "i-Backdoor" kuyo yonke into yokubhala?
Kunokwenzeka ukuba, ewe. Kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo, ukuthotyelwa komthetho ophezulu kunye namagosa eengqondi ziye zanyanzelisa ukuba bakwazi ukufikelela kwiinkcukacha zobuncwane. Oku kufana ne-backdoor. Ukufumana isampulu elungileyo kule ngxoxo, khangela le ngcaciso ekhuselekileyo ehlolisisa imeko emva kuka-Nov. 2015 ukuhlaselwa kwamaphekula eParis. Kubonakala sengathi i-arhente yokunyanzeliswa komthetho ifuna ukufikelela kuyo nayiphi na inxibelelwano ebhaliweyo nanini na ukuba bayathanda (emva kokuba balandela iziteshi zomthetho ezifanelekileyo, nangona oko kwahluleka ukunikezela ukukhusela kwangaphambili).
Ngaba i-FBI Isicelo se-Limited kwi-iPhone eyodwa?
Inombolo. Nangona umcimbi osondeleyo unxulumene nale fowuni nganye, i-Apple ithe ithile malunga nezicelo ezifanayo ezifanayo ezivela kwiSebe loBulungisa ngoku ngoku. Oku kuthetha ukuba umphumo weli tyala kuya kuba nefuthe ubuncinci kwezinye iimeko ezithile kwaye kusenokuba kuhle ukubeka isenzo kwizenzo ezizayo.
Iyiphi Impembelelo eyayingenza i-Apple ihambisane nehlabathi jikelele?
Kukho ingozi yangempela ukuba ukuba i-Apple ihambelana noRhulumente wase-US, kulo mzekelo, abanye oorhulumente behlabathi banokufuna unyango olufanayo. Ukuba oorhulumente baseUnited States bafumana indawo yangaphakathi kwi-ecosystem system ye-Apple, yintoni eyokumisa amanye amazwe ukuba axhobe i-Apple ukuba awanike into efanayo ukuba inkampani ifuna ukuqhubeka iqhuba ishishini apho? Oku kubaluleke kakhulu kumazwe afana neChina (aqhuba rhoqo ama-cyberattacks kumashishini ase-US nakwiinkampani zase-US) okanye iirhulumente ezixinzelelekileyo ezifana neRashiya, iSiriya, okanye i-Iran. Ukuba ne-backdoor kwi-iPhone ingavumela le rhujimenti ukuba igxothe ukunyuswa kweenkqubo zentando yesininzi kunye nokubeka ingozi kubamkeli.
Ziziphi ezinye iikhampani zeTech?
Ngelixa bebephuthuma ukuxhasa i-Apple ngokubanzi, iinkampani ezilandelayo ziphakathi kwalabo abafake izicelo ze-amicus briefs kunye nezinye iintlobo zokuxhasa i-Apple:
| Amazon | Atlassian |
| Automattic | Ibhokisi |
| Cisco | YeDropbox |
| eBay | Evernote |
| Uphando | |
| Kickstarter | |
| IMicrosoft | Isihlamba |
| Slack | Snapchat |
| Square | SquareSpace |
| Yahoo |
Yintoni Okufanele Uyenze?
Oku kuxhomekeke kwimibono yakho kwimiba. Ukuba uxhasa i-Apple, unokuqhagamshelana nabameli bakho abakhethiweyo ukuba bavakalise ukuba inkxaso. Ukuba uvumelana neFBI, unokuqhagamshelana ne-Apple ukuba ubazise.
Ukuba unenkxalabo yokhuseleko lwefowuni yakho, kukho amanyathelo amanyathelo ongayithatha:
- Beka iphasikhodi kwi-iPhone yakho. Sebenzisa inketho yekhowudi yepascode kwaye udale i-passcode yeibali ezingu-6+, usebenzisa iileta kunye nenani. Ikhowudi yepastile yolu bunzima bunzima kakhulu. Imiyalelo yokubeka iphasiwedi
- Bhalisa zakho izicwangciso. I-backupps iCloud zifakwe ngokuzenzekelayo, kodwa xa usebenzisa i-iTunes, landela amanyathelo:
- Vumelanisa idivayisi yakho nge iTunes
- Qinisekisa ukuba uneenguqulelo zakutsha ze-iTunes kunye ne-iOS
- Qinisekisa ukuba uthumele zonke iTunes kunye ne-App Store ukuthenga kwi-iTunes ( Ifayile -> Izixhobo -> Ukutshintshwa kokuthengwa )
- Kwiphepha lesishwankathelo kwi-iTunes, nqakraza Ukufakela i-iPhone Backup
- Landela imiyalelo yeskrini ngokusetha iphasiwedi yakho yokukhusela. Qinisekisa ukuba yinto enye ongayikhumbula, ngaphandle koko uya kuvaliwe ngaphandle kwee-backups zakho.
Yintoni eya kwenzeka?
Izinto ziyakwazi ukuhamba ngokukhawuleza kwithuba elithile. Lindela ininzi yengxoxo kumajelo eendaba kunye nabaninzi abavakalisi abachazileyo ngokuthetha ngezifundo (ukubethela kunye nokukhuseleka kwekhompyutheni) abangayiqondi ngokwenene. Ulindele ukuba lufike kukhetho lonyulo lukazwelonke.
Imihla yokugqibela yokubukela yile:
- Ngo-Matshi 10- Umhla wokugqibela weburhulumente wase-US ukuphendula kwifayile yokugqibela ye-Apple yokukhanyela isicelo
- Matshi 22- Iingxoxo zomlomo malunga nale nto phambi kweNkundla yesithili yase-US yaseCentral California.
I-Apple ibonakala igxininiswe ngokukodwa kwindawo yayo apha. Ndiza kuba ngumbono wezonkundla ezininzi eziphantsi kwaye andiyikumangaliswa ukuba le nkundla iphela phambi kweNkundla ePhakamileyo kwinyanga ezayo okanye ezimbini. I-Apple ibonakala iceba oko, kwakhona: iyabhalwa uTed Olson, igqwetha elimele uGeorge W. Bush eBush v. Gore kwaye wancedisa ukuguqula i-anti-gay yaseCalifornia Isiphakamiso 8 njengommeli wayo.
Ngo-Apreli 2018: Ukunyanzeliswa komthetho kunokuthi ubenje ngoku i-Phone Encryption?
Nangona i-FBI ithi ukugqithisa ukubethela kwi-iPhones kunye nezixhobo ezifanayo kusekho nzima kakhulu, ukunika ingxelo kwangoku kubonisa ukuba ukuthotyelwa komthetho ngoku sele kufumaneke ukufikelela kwizixhobo zokucima ukubethela. Isixhobo esincinci esibizwa ngokuba yiGreyKey kuthiwa sisetyenziswe kulo lonke ilizwe ngokunyanzeliswa komthetho ukufikelela kwizixhobo ezikhuselekileyo ze-password.
Nangona oku akusiyo iindaba ezilungileyo zobungcali bemfihlo okanye i-Apple, kunokunceda ukuncedisa iingxoxo zikaRhulumente zokuthi iimveliso ze-Apple, kunye nalezo zivela kwezinye iinkampani, zidinga ukhuseleko olubuyela emva oorhulumente abanokufikelela kuzo.