Imbali, i-Evolution kunye neKamva yamanqaku

by Jerri Collins

Sibanzi

Iibhukhimakhi, kwigama lesiqhelo sekhompyutheni zifana nabalingani babo behlabathi. Njengokuba ibhukhimakhi efakwe kwiincwadi kukuvumela ukuba ubuyele kamva apho ushiye khona, ngokunjalo amabhukhimakhi anokuvumela ukuba ubuyele kumaphepha athile ewebhu okanye kwezinye iindawo ezithile ezicelo kwiphepha.

Ngokuhamba kwexesha, amabhukumaka aye ahamba ngamagama ahlukeneyo kwiziphequluli nezicelo ezahlukeneyo, kwaye unikeze abasebenzisi amanqaku amaninzi-kunye neentloko. Ngundoqo, zikunceda ukuba ulandele iphepha lewebhu ofuna ukubuyela emva koko, ngaphandle kokwandisa ihlathi lezithuba ezivuliwe kwisiphequluli sakho.

Ukuguqulwa kwamanqaku

Amabhukhimakhi ayenziwe phambi kweWebhu yehlabathi jikelele. Ngo-1989, uCraig Cockburn wabhala isiluleko sefowuni yecala elibizwa ngokuba yi "PageLink" eya kusebenza njengentlangano yento esiyicinga ngoku njengomfundi we-e-book kunye nesiphequluli-epheleleyo ngeebhukumaka.

UChockburn ufake isicelo sephepha lobunikazi ngo-Ephreli ka-1990, kodwa akuzange kuphuhliswe. (Cockburn uthumele isicelo sakhe se-patent apha apha apha).

Amabhukhimakhi njengoko sibaziyo namhlanje aqala ukuvela ngo-1993, njengenxalenye yomkhangeli weMosiki 1.0. UMoses wahlala elandelelanisa bonke abasebenzisi bewebhu bavakashele, kunye neefowuni ezinemibala eyahlukileyo ukuba bekukhokelela kubasebenzisi bephepha babekade beza ngaphambili. Ingcamango yokukhangela uluhlu lwe "amabhukumaka" ngokucacileyo sele sele ixutyushwa, njengoko kubonakala kwiNgqungquthela yeWorld Wide Web yaseTim Berners-Lee ingxoxo kaMokiki kaMeyi ka-1993, umxholo we "Iindaba zeWebhu zehlabathi jikelele":

Uluhlu lwebhukhimakhi, olubizwa ngokuba yi "hotlist", lugcinwa phakathi kweeseshoni njengoluhlu lwabucala beendawo ezinomdla. Ungakwazi ukongeza izichaso zakho malunga naluphi na umqulu, oza kubonakala rhoqo (kodwa wena kuphela) uyifunde ... UMarc Andreesen, umbhali, wenze umsebenzi omhle apha.

Ezinye iifrikhsi zakuqala, ezinjengeViolaWWW kunye neCelio, zineempawu ezifanayo zokubhengezwa kweebhukmakhi. Kodwa kwakunokuqhaqhazeka kukaMosic ekuthandeni okukunceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba imisebenzi yokubhengezwa kweebhukmakhi yayiza kuba yintsika yezikhangeli ezizayo. U-Andreesen wawafaka kwisiphequluli sakhe esilandelayo, iNetscape Navigator. Ngaphezulu kweminyaka, kunye neziphequluli ezahlukeneyo, iibhukimakhi ziye zahamba ngamanye amagama ngaphandle kwe "HotList," njenge "Izintandokazi" kunye ne "Ulufutshane," kodwa ibhukmakhi ibe yinto ye-generic term for these functions.

Naluphi na igama, iinjongo zamanqaku ezinamhlanje zingabonwa ngokugqithisileyo kwaye lula kuzo zonke izikhangeli zincwadi: Explorer, Safari, Chrome, kunye ne-Firefox.

Akumangalisi ukuba abaqhubi beebhasikisi baqhubeka bezama ukuzama ukuphucula zabo iibhukumaka, ukukhuphisana nabo.

Ezinye iiphequluli zivumela abasebenzisi ukuba baqoke amabhukumaka amaninzi ukuze bavule konke kanye, ngomyalelo owodwa; luncedo kubasebenzisi abaziyo ukuba bafuna ukuqala iiseshoni zabo kunye neqela elifanayo lamaphepha avuleka rhoqo.

Ngo-2004, i-Firefox yazisa "i-Live Bookmarking", eyenza abasebenzisi ukuba benze amabhukumaka ayenokuba asebenze ngokuzenzekelayo, ngokuzenzekelayo, nge-RSS feed.

Akunamabhukumaka kwiphondo elikhethekileyo labarhwebi. Zininzi iinkqubo zinika ibhukmakhi yeenkcukacha kwiinkqubo zabo, ngakumbi abafundi be-e-book.

Njengoko ukugqithiswa kunye nobuchule beefowuni ze-smart zikhulile-kwaye abaninzi abasebenzisi bekhomputha bafumana ukuba basebenzise amacebo amaninzi phakathi kwexesha labo emsebenzini, ekhaya nakwiendlela-iiwebhusayithi zaqala ukunika ubungqina bokuba uphawu lwebhengezo abasebenzisi banokufikelela kuyo nayiphi na into esetyenziswayo Ngema.

Isinyathelo esilandelayo esingokwemvelo sasinabasebenzisi abahlukeneyo ukwabelana kunye nokusebenzisana namanye amabhukumaka. Unonophelo, owasekwa ngo-2003, uncedise ukuphakamisa igama elithi "bookmarking social" kunye "ukubeka uphawu" ukuchaza oku kusebenzisana.

Ngo-2005, iGoogle yaxhuma i-Google Bookmarks-ukuba ingadideki kunye neebhukumimakhi zamabhukumaka-ezingazange zinikezele kuphela ukukhutshwa kweebhukimakhi, kodwa zivumelekile ukuba abasebenzisi benze uphando kuwo onke amaphepha ababebhengeze ngawo.

Njengokuba kuninzi lwe-intanethi, imibuzo yobumfihlo kunye nobuni beenkcukacha zokubhengezwa kweebhukhimakhi zihlala zingagqitywanga. Okwangoku, abanini beesayithi zokubhengezwa kweebhenkethi zentlalo kunye nezicelo banokuqokelela, babelane kwaye bathengise idatha kwizinto abasebenzisi babo abathengayo kunye nokwabelana nabakhangisi, abathengisi, iikhankaso zezopolitiko kunye nabani na abanye abanomdla wokulandelela olo lwazi.

Iintlobo zeMpawu

Ukongeza kwimiqathango yeebhukummaki ezixutywe ngasentla-ibhukhimakhi yezenhlalakahle, ibhukhimakhi yokubhenqa, iincwadi zokubhengezwa kweebhukhimakhi, kunye neebhukmakhi zokubhengezwa kweewebhu-kukho ukungqinelana kobugcisa obungabonakali ngokukhawuleza kwiinkalo ezininzi zekhompyutha.

Ngokukodwa, kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo iikhomputha ezingakwazi ukulawula nokugcina ulwazi olwenza ibhukumakethi yabasebenzisi.

Zingagcinwa kwifayile ye-HTML, ngokuqhelekileyo ibhukumaks.html. Ezinye iincwadi zogqirha zeebhukhimakhi kwiifom egciniweyo yolwazi. Abanye bagcine ibhukumaka nganye njengefayile yayo.

Ngalunye lweendlela zizinzuzo kunye nokungahambi kakuhle xa kuziwa kulawulo lwabasebenzisi ngolwazi lwabo.

Ikusasa lamanqaku

Kuze kubekho amabhukumaka aye avela ukususela ekudalweni kwawo kwi-90s yokuqala, kukho indawo yokuphucula. (Unokufumana i-inventory kakuhle yezikhalazo apha.)

Enye into, ngenxa yokukhuthazwa kwezorhwebo, abenzi beebhrawuza baqhubeka belayisha uluhlu lwabo lweebhukhimakhi kunye neziza ezingenakunomdla kubasebenzisi babo. Ngenxa yeso sizathu-kunye neenkxalabo ezibonakalayo eziphathekayo-ngelixa abenzi beebhrawuzi bephuculwe ekuphatheni xa kuziwa ekuhambeni nasekuvumelaneni neebhukumimakhi zakho kwidivaysi kuya kwisixhobo, kusekho into eninzi yokwenziwa xa kufikelele ekugcineni iibhukumaka zakho kwi-kranethi enye. omnye.

Ukongezelela, amagama azaliswe ngokuzenzekelayo kwiimpawu zokubhukima ngokuqhelekileyo ashiya kakhulu into efunwayo-eza, njengoko kunjalo, kwi-metadata yephepha lewebhu edlalwa ngokuyinhloko ukuhlawula uphando lwegama elingundoqo, kunokubonisa ngokucacileyo, okulula, okulula ukufunda isihloko sephepha.

Ekugqibeleni, ingxaki enkulu ngeebhukumakethi yinto ehambelana nayo nayiphi na inkqubo yememori-njengoko ulwazi lukhupha, kunzima ukufumana nokufikelela ngqo into oyifunayo. Ngenxa yoko, abanye baye bacetyiswa ukuba imisebenzi yeebhukhimakhi ingazenzekela ngokuzenzekelayo ukujonga kunye nokususa izixhumanisi ezifile, okanye ukuhlela amanqaku amabhukumaka ngamaxesha apho asetyenziswa khona.