01 ngo 05
Izizathu Zenzululwazi Kutheni Abantu Abavumi Ukungavumelani Ngomxholo Wee-headphone
Kuzo zonke iintlobo zeemveliso zomculo eziye ndavavanywa, akukho namnye oye waxakeka njengentloko. Kwiimvavanyo ezininzi zeepaneli endiziqhubelele kwi- Sound & Vision , kunye nam ngoku ndithatha inxaxheba kwi-Wirecutter, kukho ukungafani ngokubanzi kwiindlela abaphulaphuli abaziqonda ngayo kunye nokuchaza isandi somsindo othile. Sibona ukungafani ngakumbi xa sifunda izimvo zabafundi. Nangona emva kokuba sikhathele ama-trolls, kubonakala ukuba abanye abantu bakuva izinto ngokungafaniyo.
02 we 05
Akukho Ears Two Efanayo
Isizathu # #
UJacob Soendergaard, iinjineli zokuthengisa kwi-GRAS Sound kunye neVibration (inkampani eyenza i-headphone measure gear gear) yandixelela ngale nto, kwaye yayinomusa ngokwaneleyo ukuba indixelele kwi-PDF enomdla kakhulu echaza inkqubo yokuphuhlisa indlebe / ihlathi iimpawu zeentloko kunye nezixhasi ezisetyenziswayo namhlanje.
Njenge-SC Dalsgaard yaseYunivesithi yakwaOdense, enye yezinzululwazi ezibandakanyekayo kwiprogram echazwe ngasentla, ngoko ke ngokuhlakanipha kwaye uyibeka ngobuqili, "Umntu wenziwe ngokunyamezela okukhulu."
I-Soendergaard yacacisa: "Ngomnye umzuzu ohlukeneyo kwijometri (ukuma komngxube weendlebe, ukulinganiswa kweengxowa kunye nokudalwa kwinqanawa, umlinganiselo wendlela, umda weentambo ezimbini, ubungakanani bendwangu ye-tympanic [eardrum], njl.) Kuya kuthintela ukuqonda kweendlebe - - ngokukodwa kwii-high frequencies kunye neengqungquthela ezimfutshane. "
Uyakubona oku kwitshati elapha ngasentla, eyinto echanekileyo yengubo ebonakala kwi-PDF ndidibene nayo. Le tshathi ithelekisa amanyathelo athathwe ngaphakathi kwindlebe yeendlebe zezifundo ezili-11 zokuvavanya ngeempendulo ze-coupler eyenzelwe ukulinganiswa kwezixhobo zokuva. Kwimizuzu nganye yokuvavanya, unokubona impendulo ye-coupler (umgca oqinileyo), impendulo ephakathi kwezifundo zovavanyo ezili-11 (isangqa) kunye nohlu lweempendulo (into ebonakala njengamafutha, ecaleni H).
Njengoko uyakubona, impendulo yendlebe yamanzi ayifani kakhulu ngaphantsi kwe-1 kHz, kodwa ngaphezu kwe-2 kHz ukuhlukana kwempendulo kuba mkhulu, kwaye i-10 kHz inkulu, malunga ne-+/- 4 dB. Ukubeka oku ngolu hlobo, umlinganiselo wempendulo we-+/- 2 dB-ukutsho, ukunciphisa i-bass nge--2 dB nokukhuthaza ukuhamba nge-+2 dB - kunele ukuvelisa utshintsho olukhulu kwibhalansi ye-tonal.
I-Soendergaard kunye nathi sasixubusha imilinganiselo kule meko, kodwa ingxoxo yethu ibhekiselele ekumamele ngokuzithobayo, nangenxa yokuba i-eardrum yakho isebenza ngokufanelekileyo ngesicatshulwa sakho, uhlala kwindawo efana nomoya njengemikrofoni ngaphakathi kwe-simulator yeendlebe. Njengoko u-Soendergaard uthe, ngokubhekiselele kwii-frequencies phakathi kwe-10 ne-20 kHz (uhla oluphezulu lwentetho yabantu), "Ukuba isixhobo sakho sokulinganisa sikhatywe yi-millimeter phakathi komlinganiselo ngamnye, uza kubona iziphumo ezahlukeneyo kumntu ofanayo."
Ngaloo ndlela, ukungafani kwimiba yomdaka we-earal - kunye nokungafani okungenakupheka kwindlela i-headphones, kunye ne-earphone-ear ear, i-interface kunye neendlela ezihlukeneyo zeendlebe kunye nezindlebe zomlomo-zingenza ukuba i-headphone iphendule ngokuhlukileyo kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zeendlebe maqondo a phezulu. Ukwahlukana nje kwe-1mm kwindawo elungileyo kungenza iphonephone eneempendulo eziphathekayo ezigqithiseleyo okanye ezintle.
Ndabona lo mgaqo kwisenzo kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo, xa umbhali ovakalayo (oza kuhlala engaziwa) wandixelela ukuba wayeyithande kakhulu intloko ye-headphone. Le nto yayingumkhono ophezulu abavakalisi abavumelene nawo bevakala kakhulu, kwaye ukuba amanyathelo am bonisa ayenomkhuhlane omkhulu ngaphezu kwe-3 kHz. Ndisebenzisana nalo mbhali kwixesha elidlulileyo, kwaye ngelixa yena kunye nami ngokuvisisanayo kwiimvavanyo zethu zeentetho kunye nakwi-ear-ear ear and ear-ears earphones, ukuvavanya kwakhe kwintloko ze-headphone zahluke ngokupheleleyo kum. (Kamva, i-audiologist yamxelela ukuba indalo yakhe yomlomo yayingavamile kakhulu.)
03 we 05
Wonke umntu Unemibuzo eyahlukeneyo yendawo - nge-headphones, kwi-Best
Isizathu # 2: I-HRTF iVary Radically.
Umsebenzi weTshintsho oHlangeneyo (i-HRTF) yintoni osebenzisa ngayo ubuchopho bakho ukufumana isandi kumgangatho omithathu. Kuquka ukungalingani ngexesha lokuba isandi sifinyelele kwiindlebe zakho nganye; ukungafani kumanqanaba omsindo kwindlebe nganye; kunye nokwahlukana kwempendulo yesantya kubangelwa yimiphumo ye-acoustical yentloko, amahlombe, kunye ne-pinnae xa izandi zivela kwiindlela ezihlukeneyo. Iinkqubo zakho zobuchopho kwaye ziguqulela zonke ezi zihloko ukuxelela apho isandi livela khona.
Iifowuni zigqithise iziphumo zomsindo zomzimba wakho, kwaye ziguqula ixesha kunye neenqanaba eziqhelekileyo oza kuzifumana xa uphulaphule ukusebenza komsebenzi okanye isethi yezithethi. Ngelishwa, ingqondo yakho ayinayo inkinobho "ye-HRTF Bypass". Xa ugqoke i-headphones, ubuchopho bakho buphulaphule ezo zihloko ze-HRTF, aluva ezininzi kwaye ngaloo ndlela kukunika ukuba uninzi lwesandi livela ngaphakathi kwentloko yakho.
Njengoko ndafunda xa ndandwendwela inkampani ebizwa ngokuba yi-Intellectual Listening Systems ekuqaleni kowe-1997, wonke umntu une-HRTF eyahlukileyo. Ukudala into eyaba ngu-Sennheiser Lucas iprojector yeprophone, i-VLS ilinganisa i-HRTF yamakhulu emfundo yezifundo. Benza oku ngokusebenzisa i-microphone ezincinci ezibekwe ngaphakathi kwimizila yokutya. Isihloko ngasinye sokuvavanya sasihlala kwindawo encinane ye-anechoic. Isithethi esincinane kwisandla se-robotic sakhupha i-MLS ingxolo. Ingalo yerobhothi yashukumisela isithethi ngeendawo ezingaphezu kwe-100 ezahlukileyo, kwiindawo ezihlukeneyo ezijikelezayo kunye nezitshiyo, ixesha ngalinye liphuma ukuvavanya ukuvavanya ukuze ii-microphones kwizikhwebu zezifundo "zive" iimiphumo zabo kunye neendlebe zabo.
(Abathandekayo befowuni banokukuphawula oku kufana ngeendlela ezithile kwinkqubo yokulinganisa uSyyth Research isebenzisa kwiprojekti yayo ye-A8 Realiser.)
Ndakufuneka ndizame uvavanyo lwamaVL. Iingcali zenkampani zandithatha iziphumo zam kwaye zibaleka ngeprosesa eya kuguqula isignali yomsindo ukulinganisa ngokucacileyo i-HRTF yam. Isiphumo sasimangalisa, njengento endiyivayo nakweyiphi enye iprosesa yefowuni. Ndayiva umfanekiso ocacileyo, ogxininiswe ngokucacileyo phambi kwam - into enjenge-Dolby Headphone ayizange iphumelele kum.
I-VLS ithathe iziphumo kumakhulu emfundo yezifundo ukudala iprosetsisti ezi-16 ezahlukahlukeneyo zeprojekthi zeprojekthi, ngasinye sizame ukulinganisa i-HRTF eyahlukileyo. Ukuchofoza kuyo yonke i-presets, kubonakala kunzima ukulungisa enye. Ndiyakhumbula ukuba ezinye zazingcono kunabanye kum, kodwa ndibenzima kunzima ukukhetha phakathi kwezinto ezine ezilungileyo okanye ezihlanu. Akukho namnye osebenze nantoni na kufuphi kunye ne-tuned-just-to-me processing ndiva kwilebhu yeVLS.
Mhlawumbi kutheni abaninzi abaprosesa beefowuni banamathuba amaninzi kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka bajikelele uhlobo oluthile lwe-HRTF. Mhlawumbi uza kufumana inhlanhla uze usondele kumlinganiselo. Mhlawumbi umphumo uya kuba nzima kakhulu kuwe. Okanye mhlawumbi kuya kuba buqili.
Ngenxa yokuba wonke umntu we-HRTF uhlukile, ubuchopho bethu bubunye bunengqondo eyahlukileyo yembuyekezo - uhlobo lwee curve ze- EQ - olusebenza kwizandi ezingenayo. Xa loo mphaso yembuyekezo ihlanganiswe kunye neempawu zomzimba wakho, umphumo uyisandi ova ngayo yonke imihla. Xa iimpawu zomzimba wakho zigqitywa ngokusebenzisa i-headphone, ubuchopho bakho busebenza ngokufanayo kwinqanaba lokubuyisela. Yaye ngenxa yokuba nganye yemivuzo yethu yemali ihluke kakhulu, iimpendulo zethu kwi-headphone efanayo zingahluke.
04 we 05
Akukho Mqondiso, Akukho Bass
Isizathu # 3: I-Fit Changes Sound.
Ukusebenza kakuhle kwi-headphones kuxhomekeke kumlinganiselo omkhulu kwi-fit. Ngokukodwa, oku kuthetha ukulungelelaniswa kweentloko ze-headphone ngaphezulu kwendlebe yakho, ukulungelelaniswa kwee-earpads ze-headphone kwi-pinna yakho, okanye ukulungeleka kwe-silicone okanye i-ear ear tip ye-headphone ngaphakathi kwindalo yomlomo wakho. Ukuba kukho itywina elungileyo, uya kufumana yonke i-bass ifowuni yenzelwe ukuhambisa. Ukuba kukho ukuvuza kuyo nayiphi na indawo, uya kufumana i-bass bass - kwaye uya kubona i-talephone ye-tonal ibhalansi ngokubanzi.
Ngokwengxenye, iimpawu zomzimba wakho zichonga ukufaneleka kwephonephone. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba akukho naziphi izicwangciso eziza kwi-earphone ye-ear-ear ear you well, loo headphone ayiyi kukuva okuhle kuwe. Oku kunokuba ngumngcipheko kum ngenxa yokuba ndinemigodi yamanzi engavamile, kunye nomhlobo wam uGeffrey Morrison ngenxa yokuba unamanzi amancinci amancinci. Yingakho ndihlala ndidumisa abavelisi ngokubandakanya ubuncinane obuhlanu okanye ubuninzi beendlela zokuphucula indlebe kunye neentloko ze-earphone. Kwakhona kutheni uxhomekeke kwiingcebiso ze-foam kufuneka uhlolisise ukuba awukwaneliseki ngesandi se-earphone yakho.
Ulungelelaniso olubi luqhelekile kwi-ear ear and head-ear earphones. Ndiza kucinga ukuba yingxaki enkulu kunazo zokugqibela, kuba kukho izinto ezininzi ezinokuthi ziphazamiseke kwisitywina esihle. Ezi ziquka iinwele ezinde kunye / okanye ezinzima, iziglasi zamehlo, kunye nokubhoboza indlebe. Gquba iindlebe zeendlebe ngaphandle kwe-tad, nangesiqingatha se-millimitha, kwaye unokuthi ulahlekelwe iisiseko ezifanelekileyo ukuze ube nomthelela omkhulu kwisandi sephonephone.
I-headphone ne-ear-ear ear can fit some people better than others. Ezinye i-headphones ezijoliswe kwi-audiophile ezifana ne- Audeze LCD-XC zineendlebe zeminwe eninzi azikwazi ukutywina ngeendlebe kunye nezihlunu zabantu abancinci, ngakumbi abafazi. Ngomqondiso ofanayo, ezinye iindlebe ze-earphone ezingekho ngaphezulu kwe-ear do not really have space enough to accommodate earlobes ezinkulu njengam.
Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba uphawu olubi lunokuba nempembelelo emihle. Ngeentloko ze-headphone ezinzima, uphawu oluncinci lungenza impendulo yabo isicatshulwa-into esiyifumanayo xa senza i-Best Wire 100 In-Head Head shotout kwi-Wirecutter. Iphonephone yam intandokazi yeli qela yayiyi-Grain Audio IEHP, endiyifumene neyendalo kunye neyendalo. IEHP yayivakala kakuhle kangangokuba ndacinga ukuba inkulu yeengcebiso ze-silicone zandinika isitywina esihle. Kwabanye abantu, nangona kunjalo, i-IEHP iziseko zagqitywa ngendlela. Kubonakala ukuba andizange ndifumane uphawu olusisigxina, kodwa wonke umntu wayeyi-kwaye yashintsha ngokupheleleyo indlela yam yokujonga iphonephone.
05 we 05
Izizathu ezingabandakanyekanga kwiiHowphone
Isizathu # 4: Iintando Zomntu ngokwahlukileyo.
Ewe, kukho izizathu zokuba abantu babike iingcamango ezahlukeneyo zomsindo wephonephone njengokuba kusebenza kwezinye iimveliso zomsindo.
Iyokuqala iyona nto ibonakalayo: Abantu abahlukeneyo banomdla ohlukileyo. Abanye banokuthanda nje i-bass esincinci ngaphezu kwakho, okanye uhamba kancane. Kucacile ukuba, baya kukhetha iintloko zeefowuni ezahlukeneyo kunoko.
Kulo mthethweni ukuya kwinqanaba. Ngaphezulu nangaphezulu kweendlela eziqhelekileyo kwintlekwano, abanye abantu baye balahlekisa - okanye babeka ngokungaqhelekanga, iingcamango ezingalunganga malunga nesandi. Sonke sihlangene nabantu abanengcamango ephilileyo engaphezu kwezinto ezihlekisayo. Abanye abanomdla abathandayo bakhetha ukugqithisa ngokugqithiseleyo, abayiphutha ngeenkcukacha kunye nokuchaneka. Ndadlula kuloo nqanaba ngokwam, kodwa iimibhalo ezibalulekileyo zikaJ. Gordon Holt zangilungisa.
Nantoni na eyenza abaphulaphuli bavuyiswe kulungile, kodwa ayinakucacisa kwizigwebo ezifanelekileyo malunga nomsindo wephonephone ngaphandle kwabanye ababelana ngokuthanda kwabo ngokugqithiseleyo, kwaye kungenako ukuvavanya ngokufanelekileyo, ukuvavanya ngokungenakulungelelaniswa kuya kuqinisekisa ukuhlolwa kwabo.
Isizathu # 5: Ukuva amandla okungafani nobudala, isini kunye nendlela yokuphila
Nangona ininzi yethu iqalisa ubomi kunye nokukwazi ukuqonda okufanelekileyo, ukukwazi ukuphulaphulwa kwamandla ethu ekutshintsheni kwiinkqubo zobomi bethu.
Xa ufumaneke ngakumbi ngeemfono ezivakalayo, kunokwenzeka ukuba uye walahlekelwa ezinye iintetho zakho kwii-high frequencies. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu ingxaki kubantu abenza imisebenzi yokuzonwabisa (ukuya kwiikonsathi ezinkulu, ukuqhuba ukuhamba ngemoto, ukuzingela, njl) kunye / okanye umsebenzi (ukwakhiwa, umkhosi, umveliso, njl.).
Umdala osekudala, mhlawumbi ufumene ukulahlekelwa kwindlebe ephezulu. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu kumadoda. Ngokwiphepha elithi "Ukwahlukana kobulili ekufundeni kwexesha elide elijongene nokulahlekelwa kwindlebe," kwi- Journal of the Acoustical Society of America , "... ukuvakalelwa kwenyameko kunciphisa ngaphezu kokuphindwe kabili kwindoda njengabasetyhini bexesha elide kunye ii-frequencies ... "Oku kuyingxenye kuba amadoda ngokuqhelekileyo ababandakanyeka kunokuba abasetyhini abakwenzayo apho bavelele ngesandi esikhulu, njengazo zonke ezichazwe ngasentla. Kwaye kuba kuba izifundo zibonisa abantu bekhululekile ukuphulaphula izandi ezivakalayo, ngo-+6 ukuya ku -10 dB kumanqanaba apho abafazi bephulaphule ukuphulaphula.
Ngokucacileyo, iimpawu ezibonakalayo zomkhiqizo womculo ziya kutshintsha njengoko utshintsho lwendlebe luya kutshintsha. Ngokomzekelo, ii-harmonics eziphazamisayo eziphezulu, ezenzeka kwii-frequency ezi-5 okanye ngaphezulu zihlandlo eziphambili zesandi, ngokuqinisekileyo ziya kubangela ingxaki kumfazi oneminyaka engama-25 kunokuba uneminyaka engama-60 ubudala. Ngendlela efanayo, ukuphakama kwe-12 kHz kunokusenokungacatshulwa kwindoda eneminyaka engama-60, kodwa ingenakuxolisa kumfazi oneminyaka engama-25 ubudala.
Yintoni esinokuyenza?
Umbuzo ocacileyo kukuba, sinokuyihlolisisa njani i-headphone ngendlela efanelekileyo kwaye iluncedo kubo bonke abaphulaphuli? Nawo wonke umakhalekhukhwini?
Ngelishwa, mhlawumbi asikwazi. Kodwa singasondela.
Ngokombono wam, impendulo kukusebenzisa abaphulaphuli abaninzi ngeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeentloko, izilwanyana ezahlukeneyo kunye nemilo eyahlukeneyo yomtya. Yiyo kanye loo nto uLauren Dragan akwenzayo ekuhlaziyeni kweefowuni ukulungiselela i-The Wirecutter, kwaye yintoni esiyenzayo kwi- Sound & Vision xa ndilapho.
Ndidibanisa nezinye iimpendulo ze-headphones Ndiyayihlola xa kunokwenzeka. Ndikwabandakanya iimilinganiselo zamabhanki - apha nakwiimvavanyo zamakhonsathi ze-SoundStage! Xperience - ukunika ingcamango yembono yempendulo yesikrini.
"Imilinganiselo yegolide" yayiza kubandakanya abaphulaphuli abaninzi kunye nemilinganiselo yebhu. Ndenze oku kwiintsuku zemizwi kunye nemiboniso yam , kodwa andiyazi nayiphi na impapasho eyenziwa okwangoku.
Kukho umgaqo owodwa olula sonke esinokuyithatha kulo: Yilumke phambi kokuba uhlekise ngezinye iimbono zabantu ze headphone.
Imbulelo ekhethekileyo kuYakobe Soendergaard we-GRAS Sound kunye neVibration kunye noDennis Burger ngoncedo lwabo kunye neempendulo kule nqaku. Ukuba unemibuzo okanye iimbono, nceda undithumele nge-imeyile kwidilesi efakwe kwi-bio kule ndawo.