Ukujonga kwiifom ezahlukileyo zokusasazwa kweeRadio
Ukusasazwa kwerediyo kukudluliselwa kwe-wireless wireless on waves on radio intended to reach a wide audience. Ukusasazwa kubandakanya ubugcisa obuninzi obudlulisa umxholo okanye idatha. Ngenxa yokuqaliswa kobuchwepheshe obutsha, indlela oonomathotho ichazwa ngayo iyatshintsha ngakumbi.
I-Audio ye-Nielsen, eyayibizwa ngokuba yiArbitron, inkampani yase-United States esekelwe kwii-audiences, ichaza "isiteshi somsakazo" njengesikhululo se-AM okanye i-FM esinelayisenisi; kwisikhululo se-Radio; Ukusasazwa kwe-intanethi kwisitulo esinelayisenisi ekhoyo-karhulumente; enye yeziteshi zomsakazo ze-satellites ukusuka kwi-XM Satellite Radio okanye kwi-Radio ye-Sirius Satellite; okanye, mhlawumbi, isikhululo esingekho urhulumente onelayisenisi.
UkuSasazwa kweRadio
Ukuhanjiswa kwerediyo yemveli kubandakanya iziteshi ze-AM ne-FM. Kukho amanani amaninzi, okubhengezwa ngezoshishino, ukungabikho kwezoqoqosho, ukusabalalisa uluntu kunye neentlobo ezingenzi nzuzo kunye noluntu lwamarediyo noluntu kunye nezitishi zesediyo zeekholeji ezikolweni.
Indlela yokuqala yokuqala yomsakazo womsakazo, obizwa ngokuthi i-valmionic valve, yenziwa ngo-1904 ngu-physicist weNgesi uJohn Ambrose Fleming. Ukusasazwa kokuqala kuthiwa kwenzeka ngo-1909 nguCharles Herrold eCalifornia. Isikhululo sakhe kamva saba yi-KCBS, esele ikhona namhlanje njenge-AM news station esivela eSan Francisco.
AM Radio
I-AM, uhlobo lokuqala lwe-radiyo, yaziwa nangokuthi i-modlitude modulation. Ichazwe njengemilinganiselo yomshumbisi othabathayo ohlukeneyo ngokuhambelana nesimo esithile sesignali eshukumisayo. Ibhendi ephakathi-asetyenziselwa umhlaba jikelele kwi-AM ukusasazwa.
AM ukusasazwa kwenzeka kwiMntla yaseMntla yaseMerika kwibala lobunzima be-525 ukuya ku-1705 kHz, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-"standard standard broadcast band." Le bhanti yanda ngowe-1990 ngokufaka iziteshi ezilisithoba ukusuka ngo-1605 ukuya kwi-1705 kHz. isignali kukuba ingafumaneka kwaye iphendulwe isandi ngezixhobo ezilula.
Ukungonakali kwe-rediyo yomsakazo umqondiso uphazamisekile kumbane, iziphepho zombane kunye nokuphazamiseka kwamanye okombane njengemisebe yelanga. Amandla eziteshi zengingqi ezabelana ngesantya kufuneka zancitshiswe ebusuku okanye zibekwe ngokuthe tye ukuze kuphephe ukuphazamiseka. Ebusuku, iimpawu ze-AM zingaya kwiindawo ezininzi ezikude, nangona kunjalo, ngelo xesha ukutshatyalaliswa kwesignali kunokuba lunzima kakhulu.
Radio Radio
I-FM, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-modulation frequency, yaqulunqwa ngu-Edwin Howard Armstrong ngo-1933 ukuze anqobe ingxaki yokuphazamiseka kwe-radio-frequency, eyayihlasela i-AM. Ukumodareyitha ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwakuyindlela yokwenza idibanisa kwi-wave-current wave wave ngokutshintsha ukutshatyalaliswa kwangoko. I-FM ivela kwi-VHF iirwaire kwi-frequency range 88 ukuya ku-108 MHz.
Inkonzo yomsakazo we-FM yasekuqaleni e-US yayinguYankee Network, e-New England. Ukusasazwa kwe-FM rhoqo kuqale ngowe-1939 kodwa akuzange kube yingozi enkulu kwi-AM. Kwakudinga ukuthengwa kommkeli okhethekileyo.
Njengomsebenzi wezorhwebo, yahlala isisidlangalali esithandwayo esasetyenzisiweyo esincinci ukuya kuma-1960. Izikhululo ze-AM ezinempumelelo zifumene iilayisense ze-FM kwaye zisasaza iprogram efanayo kwesikhululo se-FM njengesikhululo se-AM, saziwa nangokuthi simulcasting.
IKomishoni ye-Federal Communications yanciphisa lo mkhuba kwi-1960s. Ngama-1980, kuba phantse zonke ii-radios ezitsha zazibandakanya ii-AM ne-FM, ii-FM zaba ziindawo eziphambili, ngakumbi kwizixeko.
ITeknoloji yeNew Radio
Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zeesiteshini zerediyo ezisebenzisa iteknoloji entsha yerediyo eye yanyuka kwi-2000, i-radio yomsakazo, i-HD yomsakazo kunye ne-intanethi.
IRadio
I-SIRIUS XM iTranslidi yeTheshulamu, ukudibanisa kweenkampani ezimbini zomsakazo we-satellite wokuqala we-American, ihambisa iinkqubo kwizigidi zabantu abaphulaphulayo abahlawula izixhobo zerediyo ezikhethekileyo kunye nentlawulo yenyanga yokubhaliselwa.
Ukusasazwa kweMerika yasekuqaleni yomsakazo wesathelayithi yi-XM ngoSeptemba 2001.
Iprogram iguqulwa ukusuka emhlabeni ukuya kwi-satellite, ize iphinde ibuyiswe emhlabeni. Ii-antenna ezikhethekileyo zifumana ulwazi lwedijithali ngokuthe ngqo ukusuka kwi-satellite okanye kwizikhululo eziphinda ziphinda zizalise ikhefu.
Kwi-Radio ye-HD
Ithempyutheni ye-rediyo ye-HD idlulisa umsindo we-digital kunye nedatha kunye ne-AM kunye nee-FM zangaphambili ze-FM. Ukususela ngoJuni 2008, iziteshi zerediyo ezingaphezu kwe-1,700 zazisasaza ii-2,432 ze-HD zesediyo.
Ngokutsho kweMalikelo, umthuthukisi we teknoloji, i-radio ye-HD yenza "... i-AM yakho ifana ne-FM ne-FM izandile njengeCD."
I-Ibiquity Digital Corporation, i-American consortium yeenkampani ezizimeleyo, ithi i-HD yomsakazo inikezela nge-FM ephezulu, enokukwazi ukusasaza imifudlana yeenkqubo ezininzi ngaphaya kwefrikansi enye ye-FM engenayo i-static-free, reception clear.
KwiRadio
I-intanethi ye-intanethi, eyaziwa nangokuthi ukusasazwa ngokukodwa okanye umsakazo we-radio, ivakalelwa njengomsakazo kwaye izandile njengomathotholo kodwa ayikho inomathotholo ngcaciso. I-intanethi ye-intanethi inikezela ngomsakazo ngokuhlukanisa umsindo kwiipakethi ezincinci zolwazi lwedijithali, ngoko uyithumela kwenye indawo, njengekhomputha okanye i-smartphone, kwaye kwakhona uphinde uhlanganise iipakethi ibe ngumlambo owodwa oqhubekayo womsindo.
Iipodcasts ngumzekelo omhle wendlela intengiso ye-intanethi isebenza ngayo. Iipodcasts, i-portmanteau okanye udibaniso lwamagama iPod kunye nokusasazwa, luhlu lwee-digital zeefayili zedijithali ezisetyenziswe ngumsebenzisi ukwenzela ukuba izipapawu ezintsha zilandwe ngokuzenzekelayo nge-syndication kwi-computer yangaphakathi yomsebenzisi okanye kumdlali wemidiya yedijithali.