Ngokuqhelekileyo kuyaqondakala ukuba kukho izithintelo ezibekwa ngendlela esinokusebenzisa ngayo iintlobo ezininzi zeefayile zedijithali. Ngokomzekelo, abaninzi abantu abalindele ukuba bafanele ukukopisha i-movie ngaphandle kweDVD okanye kwi-Blu-ray uze ulayishe i-movie kwi-Intanethi mahhala.
Oko abantu abangenakukwazi, nangona kunjalo, ukuba zithintela njani iintlobo zokusetyenziswa okungagunyaziswanga. Kukho ubuchwepheshe obuhlukeneyo obusetyenziselwa ukwenza oku, kodwa bonke bawela kwicandelo loLawulo lweMigangatho yamaLungelo eDividenti, eyaziwayo njenge-DRM.
Ulawulo lweMigangatho yamaLungelo eDafa
Ulawulo lweMigangatho yamaLungelo yi-teknoloji eyenza iimeko ezithile malunga nendlela ezinye iifayile zedijithali-ezifana nomculo, ama-movie kunye neencwadi-zingasetyenziswa kwaye zabelwana ngazo.
Imiqathango yoLawulo lweMigangatho yamaLungelo eDivayili efakwe kwinto ethile idalwa ngokubanzi ngumnini wecandelo lemidiya yedijithali (umzekelo, inkampani yokurekhoda inquma i-DRM iqhotyoshelweyo kumculo eyenza ifumaneke ngokwamanani). I-DRM ifakwe kwifayili kwizame ukwenza ukuba kube nzima ukususa. I-DRM iyayilawula indlela iifayile eziphatha ngayo kwaye ingasetyenziselwa, kwiikhomputha zabasebenzisi bokugqibela.
I-DRM isetyenziswe rhoqo ukukhusela izinto ezifana nokwabelana kwama-MP3 kumanethiwekhi okuthengisa iifayile okanye ukuqinisekisa ukuba abantu bathenga iingoma abazifunayo kwi-Intanethi.
Ukulawulwa kwamalungelo okuDivithali akukho kuzo zonke iifayile zedijithali. Ngokuqhelekileyo, isetyenziswe kuphela kwizinto ezithengwa kwiivenkile zamashishini e-intanethi okanye ngabaphuhlisi bee-software. Ayisebenzisi kwiziganeko apho umsebenzisi wadala ifayile yedijithali, njengokungcola umculo kwiCD . Iifayile zomsindo zedijithali ezidalwe ngolu hlobo aluyi kuqhuba i-DRM kuwo.
Ukusetyenziswa kwe-DRM nge-iPod, i-iPhone kunye ne-iTunes
Xa i-Apple yazisa iThengi iTheng ukuthengisa umculo ozakusetyenziswa kwi-iPod (kwaye emva koko i-iPhone), zonke iifayile zomculo ezithengiswa apho ziquka i-DRM. Inkqubo yoLawulo lweMigangatho yamaLungelo asetyenziswa yiTunes yavumela abasebenzisi ukuba bafake kwaye badlale iingoma ezithengwa kwi-iTunes kwiikhomputha ezi-5-inkqubo ebizwa ngokuba ligunyaziso . Ukufaka nokudlala ingoma kwiikhomputha ezininzi (ngokuqhelekileyo) akunakwenzeka.
Ezinye iinkampani zisebenzisa i-DRM ekhuselekileyo, njengokwenza iingoma ezilandiweyo zidlala kuphela ngelixa umthengi ebhalisela ethile inkonzo yomculo, ekhubaza ifayile kwaye eyenza ingaba yinto engayisebenzekiyo xa ikhansela ukubhalisa. Le ndlela isetyenziswa nguSpotify, Apple Music, kunye neenkonzo ezifanayo .
Mhlawumbi kuqondakala, uLawulo lweMigangatho yamaLungelo aDawulo aluzange luthandwe ngabathengi kwaye luye lwaxhaswa ngokubanzi kwiinkampani zoogqirha kunye nabanye abaculi. Abaxhasi bamalungelo abathengi bahlawulise ukuba abasebenzisi kufuneka babe nezinto abazizithengayo nakwiidijithali kwaye i-DRM ikhusela oku.
Ngexa i-Apple isebenzisa i-DRM iminyaka kwiTunes, ngoJan 2008, inkampani yashiya i-DRM kuzo zonke iingoma ezithengiswa kwivenkile. I-DRM ayisasetyenziselwa ukukopisha-ukukhupha iingoma ezithengiweyo kwiSitolo seTunes, kodwa enye ifomu yayo ikhona kwiindidi ezilandelayo ezikhutshwe okanye zithengwa kwi-iTunes:
- Iincwadi zomsindo
- iBooks
- Ividiyo
- Apps
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Imisebenzi ye-DRM
Ubuchwepheshe bee-DRM ezahlukeneyo basebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo, kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo bethetha, i-DRM isebenza ngokufaka imigqaliselo yokusetyenziswa kwifayile kwaye yenze indlela yokujonga ukuba into iyasetyenziswa ngokuthobela loo migaqo.
Ukwenza oku kulula ukuyiqonda, makhe sisebenzise umzekelo womculo wedijithali. Ifayili yomsindo ingaba ne-DRM ifakwe ngaphakathi kuyo evumela ukuba isetyenziswe kuphela ngumntu oyithenge. Xa ingoma ithengiwe, i-akhawunti yomsebenzisi loo mntu izakuxhunywa kwifayile. Emva koko, xa umsebenzisi ezama ukudlala le ngoma, isicelo siya kuthunyelwa kwi-server ye-DRM ukujonga ukuba ngaba loo akhawunti yomsebenzisi unemvume yokudlala ingoma. Ukuba kunjalo, ingoma iya kudlala. Ukuba akunjalo, umsebenzisi uza kufumana umyalezo wephutha.
Enye into ecacileyo yolu hlobo kukuba inkonzo ehlola iimvume ze-DRM ayisebenzi ngenxa yezizathu ezithile. Kwimeko, umxholo othengwe ngokusemthethweni ungenakufumaneka.
Ukuhla koLawulo lweMigangatho yamaLungelo
I-DRM kukuba, kwezinye iindawo, iteknoloji enokubambisana kakhulu, njengokuba abanye abantu bethetha ukuba kuthatha amalungelo abathengi abanayo emhlabeni. Abanikazi bamaphephandaba abasebenzisa i-DRM baxela ukuba kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba bahlawulelwa ipropati yabo.
Kwiminyaka yokuqala yeshumi okanye kwimidiya yedijithali, i-DRM yayidume kwaye iyathandwa kumaqela eendaba-ngokukodwa emva kokudumala kweenkonzo ezinjengeNapster. Abanye abasebenzisi be-tech-savvy bafumene iindlela zokunqoba iintlobo ezininzi ze-DRM kwaye bahlulelane ngokukhululekileyo iifayile zedijithali. Ukungaphumeleli kweenkqubo ezininzi ze-DRM kunye noxinzelelo lwabathengi kubathengi bee nkampani ezininzi zeendaba ukuba zitshintshe indlela yazo kumalungelo edijithali.
Njengaloo mbhalo, iinkonzo zokubhaliselwa ezifana ne-Apple Music enika umculo olungenamkhawulo nje kuphela xa uqhubeka uhlawula intlawulo yenyanga yinto eqhelekileyo ngaphezu kokulawulwa kwamalungelo edijithali.