Ukujonga ukungafani kwiinkcukacha zamandla
Intshayelelo
Kule minyaka, iziseko zeenkomfa zeekhomputha ziye zatshintsha ngokuphawulekayo. Ukuze kulungelelaniswe uyilo lwenkqubo, imilinganiselo yenkcazo yaveliswa kwiikhompyutha zekhompyutha ezichaza ubungakanani obuhlukeneyo, izakhiwo kunye neemfuno zombane ukwenzela ukuba iindawo zitshintshwe lula phakathi kwabathengisi kunye neenkqubo. Ekubeni yonke inkqubo yekhompyutheni idinga amandla kagesi aguqulwayo ukusuka kwiindawo eziphakamileyo zamadonga ombane ukuya kwiindawo eziphantsi kwamandla ombane asetyenziswe ngamacandelo, izibonelelo zamandla zicacile ngokucacileyo.
AT, ATX, ATX12V?
Iinkcukacha zeeDesktop zinikezelwe ngamagama ahlukeneyo eminyaka. I-Advanced Advanced Technology okanye i-AT yenziwe yenziwe kwi-PC yokuqala ye-PC kunye neenkqubo ezihambelana ne-IBM. Njengoko iimfuno zamandla kunye neendlela ezitshintshileyo, le shishini liphuhlise inkcazelo entsha ebizwa ngokuba yi-Advanced Technology Extended okanye i-ATX. Le nkcazo isetyenziswe iminyaka emininzi. Enyanisweni uye waba nenani elikhulu lokuhlaziywa ngeminyaka ukujongana nokutshintsha kwamandla amaninzi. Ngoku ifomathi entsha iphuhliswe ngaphezu kweminyaka ebizwa nge-ATX12V. Lo mgangatho uyaziwa ngokusemthethweni njenge-ATX v2.0 nangaphezulu.
Ulwahlulo oluphambili kunye ne-ATX v2.3 yakutsha kunye ne-ATX v1.3 yile:
- Ukusetyenziswa kwekhonkco yamandla amakhulu angama-24 ngaphezulu kwe-pin-20 Umxube we-PCI Express Support
- I-6-Pin Aux Power Connector ayifuni
- Ukusetyenziswa kweeDual 12V Rails ukuba zikhulu kunama-20A
- I-serial ATA Power Connectors ifunekayo
- Ubuncinane bokuguqulwa kwamandla
I-24-Pin Pin Power
Le yinguqu ephawulekayo kumgangatho we-ATX12V. I-PCI Express idinga i-75 watt yamandla mfuneko eyayingenako ukuxhumeka kwisixhumi esiphezulu se-20-pin. Ukusingatha oku, izikhonkwane ezongezelelweyo ezi-4 zongezwe kwisixhamli ukubonelela amandla okuongeza nge-12V rails. Ngoku i-pin layout i-keyed efana ne-24-pin pin power connector ingasetyenziselwa kuma- motherboard asebedala ase- ATX kunye nomxhasi we-pin-20. I-caveat kukuba izikhonkwane ezine ezongezelelweyo ziya kuhlala kwicala lomnxibelelwano wamandla kwibhodi ye-motherboard ke qiniseka ukuba kukho ukukhutshwa okwaneleyo kwizikhonkwane ezingaphezulu xa uceba ukusetyenziswa kweyunithi ye-ATX12V kunye ne-motherboard ye-ATX endala.
Imizila engama-12V Rails
Njengoko igunya lifunwa ngabaprojekthi, ukuqhuba kunye nama-abalandeli aqhubeka ekhula kwinkqubo, ubungakanani bamandla anikezelwe phezu kwee-12V zemizila ezivela kumbane wamandla zikhulile. Kwimilinganiselo ephakamileyo yamanzi, nangona kunjalo, amandla okubonelela amandla okwenza umbane ozinzile wawunzima. Ukuze kulungiswe oku, umgangatho ngoku ufuna nawuphi na ugunyaziso lwamandla ovelisa umgangatho ophezulu kakhulu othungeni lwesitimela esingu-12V ukuba uhlalwe kwii-rails ezi-12V ezihlukeneyo ukwenzela ukwandisa ukuzinza. Amanye amatye aphezulu angamanzi ayenayo ayenamaqela a-12V azimele azinzileyo ukwenzela ukwanda kozinzo.
I-Aerial Connectors Connectors
Ngaphandle kwezixhobo zokunxibelelana ze-Serial ATA zingafumaneka kwizinto ezininzi ze-ATX v1.3, ayingekho imfuneko. Ngokuthotyelwa ngokukhawuleza kwee-SATA, imfuneko yokuxhuma kuwo wonke amandla ombane unyanzelekile umgangatho wokufuna inani elincinci labaxhamli kwiinkonzo zamandla. Iinqununu ze-ATX v1.3 eziqhelekileyo zibonelelwa kuphela ezimbini xa ii-ATX v2.0 + ezintsha zinikezela ezine okanye ngaphezulu.
Ukusebenza kwamandla
Xa umbane wombane uguqulwa ukusuka kumbane wecala lokudonga kumanqanaba angaphantsi afunekayo kumacandelo ekhomputha, kuya kufuneka kubekho inkunkuma eyadluliselwa kwishushu. Ngoko ke, nangona amandla anikezela amandla angama-500W, empeleni atshabalalisa okwangoku ukusuka eludongeni kunalolu. Ukulinganiswa kwamandla okwenza amandla kunquma ukuba ubukhulu bombutho obuthatyathwa eludongeni xa kuthelekiswa nokuveliswa kwikhompyutha. Iimilinganiselo ezitsha zifuna ukulinganisa ubuncinane bee-80% kodwa zininzi eziphakamileyo.
Izigqibo
Xa kuthengwa ukunikezelwa kwamandla, kubalulekile ukuthenga enye ehlangabezana nazo zonke iinkcukacha zamandla kwikhompyutha. Ngokuqhelekileyo, imigangatho ye-ATX iphuhliswa ukuba iphinde ihambelane ne-back system. Ngenxa yoko, xa uthengela ukunikezelwa kwamandla, kukulungele ukuthenga enye okungenani i-ATX v2.01 ehambelanayo okanye ngaphezulu. Ezi zinto ziza kusebenza kunye neenkqubo ze-ATX ezindala zisebenzisa i-pin-20 ifowuni yamandla amakhulu xa kukho indawo eyaneleyo.