Abaxhasi bezinye zezixhobo eziqhelekileyo zekhompyutheni kwaye ziyafumaneka kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zamagunya. Uhlobo ngalunye lwe-capacitor luneempawu neempawu ezizenzayo ezifanelekileyo kwizicelo ezithile, imimandla kunye nemveliso. Abaxhasi baqhelekile ngokwezigaba zabo kwifom yezinto kunye nezinto zetekisi ezisetyenzisiweyo kwi-capacitor. Uhlobo ngalunye lwe-capacitor lubahluko obuninzi kwiimpawu eziqhelekileyo kunye nezikhoyo zokunyamezela amandla, ukulinganisa kwamandla, ukuzinza kweqondo lokushisa, ukulinganisa okulinganayo (ESR), ubukhulu kunye nokuthembeka okuchaphazela indlela abaziphatha ngayo kwihlabathi lenene . Ezi zintlukwano zinempembelelo ekukhethweni kwamagunya, ukwenza ezinye i-capacitors ezinkulu kwezinye iindawo zokusebenza kunye nomthombo wengxaki kwabanye.
Abadlali beFilimu
I-capacitors yefilimu enye yeyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo. I-capacitors yefilimu ibandakanya inkulu inkulu yamacomputer kunye noluhlu oluphambili njengezinto ezisetyenziswayo. Izinto eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziswayo ziquka i-polyester (i-mylar), i-polystyrene, i-polypropylene i-polycarbonate, iphepheni kunye neTeflon. I-capacitors yefilimu iyafumaneka kwixabiso ukusuka ku-pF (picoFarads) ukuya kwi-100 yeFF (microFarads). Iifomati zefilimu eziphezulu zifumaneka, kunye nokulinganiswa kwamandla angaphezu kwama-500 volts. Ukuxhamla kwi-capacitors yefilimu, ngokukodwa i-capacitors yefilimu esebenzisa iifilimu zeplastiki, ubomi obude kunye nexabiso elincomekayo lokuxhobisa.
I-capacitors yefilimu ifumaneka kumanani amaninzi eepakethe kunye neefom. Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo kwiifom ye-film capacitors ziyi-cylindrical, oval, round, ne-rectangular kunye neefom ezininzi zeefom ziyafumaneka nge-axial kunye ne-radial.
Abakwa-Electrolytic Capacitors
Ama-capacitor ye-Electrolytic anamanye amaxabiso aphezulu kakhulu enkxaso nayiphi na i-capacitors. Ama-capacitor ye-Electrolytic akhiwe ngefilimu ezincinci kunye ne-electrolytic semi-liquid solution. Ukuguquguquka kwezinto ezi zinto kubanika ukuba baqulunqwe kwaye banikezele indawo enkulu yomhlaba kwaye ngoko banceda ukudala i-capacitance enkulu. Ekubeni isisombululo se-electrolytic siqhuba kwaye sisetyenziswe njenge-electrode yesibini kwi-capacitor-electrolytic, isalathisi esincinci ye-dielectric oxide ikhulile kwifilimu yensimbi, ukukhusela ifilimu yensimbi ekunqongopheni kwisisombululo se-electrolytic. Ifilimu ye-dielectric yincinci kakhulu eyandisa kakhulu amandla okusebenzisa i-electrolytic capacitor.
Ama-capacitor ye-Electrolytic afika kunye nezimbalwa ezincinci, ukuphawula kunye nokulinganiswa kwamandla. I-downside ye-capacitors ye-electrolytic kukuba ininzi yabo ihlongozwa kwaye kufuneka ithatyathelwe ukuba iqinisekise ukuba isetyenziswa ngokuchanekileyo. Ukubeka i-electrolytic capacitor ngasemva kuya kubangela ukutshatyalaliswa ngokukhawuleza kwe-capacitor, ngokuphindaphindiweyo kunye nekhono lokulimaza nantoni na kufuphi. Zonke i-capacitor-electrolytic polarity ezicetyiswayo ziphawulwe ngokugqithiseleyo zibonisa uphawu oluthile olubonisa ukuba yiphi na ipayipi kufuneka igcinwe kwi-lowest power potential. Ukulinganiswa kwamandla amaninzi e-electrolytic capacitors kuncinci, kodwa kunokufunyanwa ngokulinganisa kwemitha ukuya kwii-volts eziliqela.
Iindidi ezimbini eziqhelekileyo ze-electrolytic capacitors zi-aluminium electrolytic capacitors kunye ne-tantalum capacitors. I-tantalum capacitors ihluke kwii-capacitors ezininzi ze-electrolytic kangangokuthi zikhangeleka njengama-capacitors ekheram. Ngokungafani nama-capacitor e-ceramic, i-tantalum capacitors ihlongozwa. Nangona kunjalo, i-tantalum capacitors ixhomekeke ngakumbi kwiipolisi eziguquguqukayo kunokuba i-aluminium i-electrolytic capacitors kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ifakwa kwichungechunge kunye neendlela eziphazamisayo ezixhunyiwe ukuba zenze "i-tantalum capacitor" engabonakaliyo. I-Tantalum capacitors yincinci kune-aluminium electrolytic capacitors kwaye ibe neendlela ezincinci zokuvuza ezenza ukuba kubekho ukhetho olungcono kwiimpawu ezininzi zokuvimba, ukudlula, ukuhlambalaza, ukucoca kunye nezicelo zesikhathi.
ICeramic Capacitors
Ama-capacitor e-Ceramic ngamanye ama-capacitor aqhelekileyo asetyenziswayo, ngokukodwa kwi-applications mount mount. Zenziwe ngeengubo zeeramic okanye iplani kunye nomqhubi kunye nokudibanisa kunye kunye. I-ceramic esetyenzisiweyo inesigxina esiphezulu se dielectric, esenza ukuba i-capacam ye-ceramic ibe nexabiso elincinci lexabiso elisezingeni elincinci. Ngokungafani nama-capacitor e-electrolytic, i-capacitor ye-ceramic ayilungiswa kodwa amandla abo ahamba ngokutshintshwa okungafaniyo njengoko ukushisa kwabo kuguquka. Ngenxa yezi zizathu, ama-capacitor enkriam aqhelekileyo asetyenziswe njengento yokuhlamba okanye i-capacitors. Ama-capacitor e-Ceramic atholakala kwiimpawu ezivela kwiipF ezimbalwa ukuya kwiiF ezininzi kwaye zinokulinganiswa kwamandla ukusuka kwii-volts ezimbalwa ukuya kumawaka ezigidi zeemoto.
Ezinye iintlobo zabaphathi
Iindidi ezikhethekileyo zee-capacitors ziyafumaneka kwizicelo ezizodwa. Isixhobo sokuqhayisa okanye i-capacitors eguquguqukayo yilawo ma-capacitors anekhono lokulungelelanisa kwaye luncedo ukulungiswa kakuhle okanye ukuhlawulwa kwesekethe. I-capacitors ye-Ultra yi-capacitors enexabiso eliphezulu kakhulu leempahla, ngokuqhelekileyo kunye nekhono elikhulu ngaphezu kweyodwa. Zihlala ziphantsi kombane kodwa zigcina amandla anele ukubeka ibhetri kwindawo ezithile.