Ukuchonga izixhobo ezihlukileyo
Ingxenye ihluleka kwaye izinto ziphuka. Yinyaniso yobomi kunye nobunjineli. Ezinye iindawo ezingaphumeleli zingagwenywa ngeendlela ezifanelekileyo zokuyila, kodwa ezininzi zingaphandle kwezandla zabaqulunqi. Ukuchonga inxalenye ephosakeleyo kwaye kutheni kusenokungaphumeleli isinyathelo sokuqala sokucoca ulwakhiwo kunye nokwandisa ukunyaniseka kwenkqubo eye yabona ukungaphumeleli kwecandelo.
Ziziphi izixhobo ezihlulekayo
Kukho izizathu ezininzi zokuba kutheni izixhobo zingaphumeleli. Ezinye iintsilelo zityhutyha kwaye zinobubele xa kukho ixesha lokuchonga iqela kwaye litshintshe ngaphambi kokuba liphumelele ngokupheleleyo kwaye izixhobo ziyahla. Ezinye iintsilelo zikhawuleza, zinobudlova kwaye zingalindelekanga, zonke ezo zivivinywa ngexesha lokuvavanya kweemveliso zeemveliso. Ezinye zezizathu eziqhelekileyo zezixhobo ezingaphumeleli ziquka:
- Ngaphezulu
- Ngaphezulu kwamandla
- U bushushu
- Uxhumeke ngokungalunganga
- Sitshintsha kwimeko yokusebenza
- I siphene sokwenza
- Tshutshiswa kwamatshini
- Ukuxinezeleka koxinzelelo
- I midiyo
- Ukucoca
- Packaging
- Uxhumo
- Ukuguga
- Ukungaphumeleli kokuhlaselwa
- UkuCoca
- Ukugqithisa
- Oxidizing
- Ukufudumala kwamafutha
- Ukudibanisa
- I-ElectroStatic Discharge (ESD)
- Ukunyanzeliswa kombane
- Ukwenziwa kwesekethe engalunganga
Iintsilelo zengxenye zilandela umendo. Kwiminyaka yokuqala yobomi benkqubo yekhompyutheni, ukungaphumeleli kwamacandelo kuyinto eqhelekileyo kwaye ithuba lokungaphumeleli lihla njengoko zisetyenziswa. Isizathu sokwehla kwezinga lokungaphumeleli kukuba iinqununu ezipakishwayo, i-soldering, kunye neziphene zokukhiqiza zihlala zingaphumeleli kwimitha okanye iiyure zokuqala zisebenzisa isixhobo. Yingakho abaninzi abakhiqizi baquka iyure eziliqela kutshisa ngexesha leemveliso zabo. Olu vavanyo olulula luphelisa ithuba elibi liyakwazi ukukhawuleza kwinkqubo yokuvelisa kwaye kubangele idivaysi ephukileyo ngaphakathi kweeyure zomsebenzisi wokugqibela usebenzisa okokuqala .
Emva kwexesha lokuqala lokutshisa, ukuhluleka kwecandelo ngokubanzi kusezantsi kwaye kwenzeke ngokulandelanayo. Njengoko izixhobo zisetyenzisiweyo okanye zihlala nje, zihlala. Ukuphendula kweMichiza kunciphisa umgangatho wokupakisha, iingcingo, kunye necandelo, kunye nokuhamba ngebhayisikili kunye nokuhamba kwebhayisikili kuthatha umbane wabo kumandla omatshini kweli candelo. Ezi zinto zibangela ukuba iziphumo zokungaphumeleli ziqhubeke ngokunyuka njengemveliso yeminyaka. Yingakho i-failure ihlala ihlelwa yintsimi yazo okanye xa iphumelele ebomini yecandelo.
Ukuchonga iCandelo elingapheliyo
Xa iqela lingaphumeleli kukho izikhombisi ezimbalwa ezinokukunceda ukuchonga iqela elingaphumeleli kunye nokunceda ekujongeni iingxaki zekhompyutha . Ezi khonkco zi:
Ezingabonakaliyo
Isalathisi esibonakalayo kakhulu ukuba icandelo elithile liphumelele ngoluhlolo olubonakalayo. Iingxenye ezingapheliyo zisoloko zitshisa okanye zitshintshile indawo, okanye ziye zanyuka kwaye zanda. Abaxhasi bafumana i-bulged out, ikakhulukazi i-electrolytic capacitors ezisezantsi. Iiphakheji ze-IC zisoloko zitshisa umgodi omncinci apho zitshitshisiweyo ezitshintshileyo kwicandelo leplastiki kwiindawo ezitshisayo yonke indlela ngokusebenzisa iphakheji le-IC.
Ukulahlwa
Xa izixhobo zingaphumeleli, ukugqithiswa komnxeba kwenzeka rhoqo okubangela ukuba umsi obomvu obomvu kunye nomnye umsi omibalabalale ukhutshwe yinxalenye ephosakeleyo. Umsi unomsola ohluke kakhulu kwaye uhluka ngohlobo lwecandelo. Oku kudla ngokuba ngumqondiso wokuqala wokungaphumeleli kweqela ngaphaya kwesi sixhobo esingasebenzi. Ngokuqhelekileyo iphunga elikhethekileyo leqela elihlukileyo liya kuhlala lijikeleze iqela leentsuku okanye iiveki ezinokukunceda ekuchongeni icandelo elikrakra ngexesha loxilongo.
Isandi
Ngamanye amaxesha izixhobo zenza isandi xa zihluleka. Oku kwenzeka ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngokusweleka okutshatyalaliswayo ngokukhawuleza, ngaphezu kwemigodi, nangaphezulu kweziganeko ezikhoyo. Xa iqela lihluleka le nto, ubuvumba buhlala buhamba kunye nokungaphumeleli. Ukuvalela inxalenye yehluleka kuluhlu, kwaye ngokusoloko kuthetha ukuba iinqununu zecandelo ziya kufumaneka zikhutshwe kwimveliso ukwenzela ukuba ukuchonga iqela elingaphumeleli lingahla ukufumana ukuba yiyiphi inxalenye engekho kwi-PCB okanye kwinkqubo.
U vavanya
Ngamanye amaxesha indlela kuphela yokufumanisa iqela elingaphumeleli kukuvavanya amacandelo ngamnye. Oku kunokuba ngumngeni omkhulu kwi-PCB kuba ngokuqhelekileyo amanye amacandelo anokuchaphazela umlinganiselo ukususela ekubeni yonke imilinganiselo ibandakanya ukufaka umbane omncinci okanye okwangoku, isiphaluka siya kuyiphendula kwaye ukufunda kungaphoswa. Ukuba inkqubo isebenzisa amanqamana amaninzi, ngokuphindaphindiweyo kufaka indawo ye-subassemblies yindlela enkulu yokunciphisa apho umcimbi kunye nenkqubo ukhona.