Sebenzisa iimephu ze-topo xa ufuna ukwazi ukuphakama
Iimephu ze-Topographic zineemephu ezicacileyo ezibonisa indawo yomhlaba kunye nezakhiwo ezenziwe ngabantu. Zihluke kwiintlobo ezininzi zeemephu kuba zibonisa ukuphakama, kodwa zinezinye izinto ezifunyenwe kumaphu kumbandakanya umlenze, ibanga kunye nelokutsala. Iimephu ze-Topographic zivame ukubambisana nezixhobo ze-GPS ezigcinwe ngesandla, izixhobo zezemidlalo kunye nempilo ye-GPS kunye nezicelo ze-smartphone. Iimephu zeepropographic kwifom yephepha zazo zisetyenziselwe iminyaka emininzi kwaye ziyiyona nto ingundoqo yabantu abangaphandle, abacwangcisi basezidolophini kunye nabo bafanele baqonde iinkcukacha zengingqi yeenjongo zoshishino.
Iiprogram zePographicographic Bonisa ukuphakama kunye neLondour Lines
Xa ukhangela imephu, ukhangele ngqo phantsi kwemeli yoMhlaba, ngoko kunzima ukuchonga utshintsho ekuphakameni. Iimephu ze-Topographic zisebenzisa iimigca zeendlela zokubonisa ukuphakama. Umgca ngamnye womgca kwimephu udibanisa amaphuzu anokulingana okulinganayo. Kwimfundiso, ukuba ulandela umgca omnye womgca, uhamba ngokuphakama okufanayo yonke indlela ude ubuyele kwindawo yakho yokuqala. Iintambo zengqungquthela zilandela iimfuno ezithile ezithile, kuquka:
- Ngalinye indawo kwinqanaba le-contour linokuphakama okufanayo.
- Umgca womgca wenza uhlobo oluvaliweyo.
- Iintambo zengqungquthela azikwazi ukuwela.
Inani elincinci livela kwezinye iindalo ezijikelezayo ezibonisa ukuphakama kwinqanaba elwandle. Uninzi lweemephu ze-US zezobugcisa zibonisa ukuphakama kweenyawo, kodwa ezinye zibonisa ngamamitha. Nangona kunjalo, akuyiyo yonke imigca yeembambano ezibhalwe ngenani. Kule meko, kufuneka ufunde ixesha lokungqambela ukufumana ukuphakama kwemigca.
Inkcazo yeeNkcazo zeContour
Xa ukhangele kwicandelo leendandatho zeemigca ebalazweni, uza kubona zibonakala zikhethiweyo ngexesha elingafaniyo, kodwa kukho inkcazelo engqiqweni. Ziye zahlukaniswa ngezikhathi ezitshintsha njengoko ukuphakama kokuphakama. Kufuneka ukwazi ukukhawuleza ukujikeleza ukuphakama ekuphakameni kwesohliso kwimephu. Ukufumana ithuba lokungqinelana:
- Fumana imigca emibini yecala kwibalazwe ebhalwe ngeendawo eziphakamileyo kunye neentambo enye okanye ngaphezulu ezingabonakaliyo phakathi kwazo.
- Susa inani elincinci lokuphakama eliprintwe kumgca omnye womgca ukusuka kwinani elikhulu kwinxalenye enye engabonakaliyo.
- Hlukanisa umphumo ngenani lemizila engabhaliweyo phakathi kwabo ukufika kwikota yeqonga.
Ngokomzekelo, ukuba unemizila emibini yomgca obhalwe nge-30 kunye neenyawo ezingama-40 kunye nomgca ongathandabuzekiyo womgca phakathi kwabo, umda we-contour ungama-5. Ukuphakama kunoma naluphi umgca kwi-contour engabonakaliyo inamamitha angama-35. Ixabiso lexesha eliphakathi kwexesha lihlala lihlala liqhubeka kuzo zonke iinqonga kwibalazwe.
Akunakwenzeka ukuba ubone umgca omnye womgca ngaphandle kweendawo ezicwangcisiweyo. Ngokugqithiseleyo ukuguquka kokuphakanyiswa kukuphakanyisiwe, imida engaphezulu yodinga ukubonisa ukutshintsha.
Kuphi ukufumana iipropographic Maps
I-Geological Survey yase-US inikezela ngokukhululekileyo imephu yamaphepha e-current and historical map of the US kwifomathi ye-PDF kwiwebhusayithi yayo. I-Garmin inikeza imephu yeemephu zezobugcisa ezininzi ezithengiswa kwiwebhusayithi yayo, kwaye iCamp and Hiking section e-Amazon ineemephu ezikhethiweyo zeemephu. Iimephu ze-Topographic zigcinwa zigcinwe, zihanjiswe kwaye zisetyenziswe kwifomati yedijithali.
Isilinganiselo seMephu yeTopographic
Iimephu ze-Topographic ziza kwizikali ezahlukeneyo, kwaye ukungafani kubalulekile. Ngokomzekelo, imephu eqhelekileyo ye-24K ispo kwizinga eli-1: 24,000 (1 intshi = 2,000 inyawo) kwaye ibonisa iinkcukacha ezinkulu. Imephu ye-24K yaziwa ngokuba yimephu ye-7.5 yeminithi kuba ihlanganisa imizuzu engama-7.5 yobubanzi nobude. Olunye uhlobo oluqhelekileyo, imephu ye-100K, kunye ne-1: 100,000 (1 cmenti = 1 khilomitha) kwaye ibonisa iinkcukacha ezingaphantsi kodwa iquka indawo ebanzi kunemephu ye-24K.
Yintoni iMaphu yokuNceda?
Imephu yokunceda luhlobo lwemephu yokubhala imiyalezo ayisebenzisi imigca ye-contour. Esikhundleni salo, sithandwa kwaye sinebala ukuze sibonise utshintsho ekuphakameni. Oku kunika ibalazwe ukuba likhangeleke ngokwenene, kwaye unokukwazi ukwahlula phakathi kweentaba kunye neentlambo ngokujonga. Ihlabathi eliphakanyisiweyo leentaba zikwahlukileyo.