Umphambili wokuqala kwibhanti yesikhundla samanje yenziwa kwixesha lama-1800 ekupheleni, kodwa iimoto zokuqala zazingekho naluphi na uhlobo lokhuseleko. Enyanisweni, iibhanti zokuhlala azizange zibe zixhobo eziqhelekileyo kuyo nayiphi na imoto okanye amaloli kuyo yonke loo nto kwada kwaphakathi kwekhulu lama-20. Izibhanki zokuqala zesikhumba zanikelwa njengendlela yokukhetha ngabanye abakhiqizi ukususela ngo-1949, kwaye iSaab yazisa umgaqo wokubandakanya izixhobo eziqhelekileyo ngo-1958.
Umthetho ube ngowenye yezinto zokuqhuba ukufumana impawu zokukhusela imoto njengamakhanda okuhlala, kwaye oorhulumente abaninzi banemithetho echaza ukuba zininzi iibhanti isithuthi kufuneka sibe neyongeziweyo kwiinkcukacha ezifunekayo.
Iintlobo zeebhanti zeSihlalo
Kukho iintlobo ezimbalwa eziphambili zeebhanti zokuhlala ezisetyenziselwa iimoto kunye namaloli kuyo yonke iminyaka, nangona ezinye zazo ziye zagqitywa.
- umtya
- sash
- iindawo ezimbini
- iindawo ezintathu
Amabhanti amabini amabini anamanqaku amabini oqhagamshelwano phakathi kwebhanti kunye nesihlalo okanye umzimba wesithuthi. I-Lap ne-sash ibhanti yimizekelo yomibini yolu hlobo. Uninzi lwezibhanki zokuqala zesikhumba ezinikezwa njengezixhobo zokuzikhethela okanye eziqhelekileyo kwiimoto kunye neelori zazingumkhono wamagqabi, ezenzelwe ukuqinisa ngokukhawuleza phezu komtya womqhubi okanye umgibeli. Iibhanti ze-Sash ziyafana, kodwa ziyawela ngaphantsi kwesifuba. Olu luyilo oluqhelekileyo kuba luyakwazi ukutsalwa phantsi kwebhanti ye-sash ngengozi.
Amanxweme amaninzi amaninzi anamhlanje asebenzisa izicwangciso zeendlela ezintathu, eziya esihlalweni okanye emzimbeni wesithuthi kwiindawo ezintathu ezahlukeneyo. Ezi ziyilo zidibanisa zombini i-lap kunye ne-sash belt, enika ubambe ngokukhuselekileyo ngexesha lokuphazamiseka.
Technologies Retraction
Iibhanti zokuqala zokuhlala zazizixhobo ezilula. Isiqingatha ngasinye sebhanti satshitshiswa emzimbeni wenqwelo, kwaye baye baxhomeke ngokukhululekile xa bengakhange bahlangane. Olunye uhlangothi lwalube lugxininisa, kwaye elinye luza kuba nenkqubo yokuqinisa. Olu hlobo lwesibhande sokuhlala lusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiindiza, nangona luye lwahluleka ukusetyenziswa kwiimoto kunye namaloli.
Ukuze iibhanti zokuhlala ziphumelele, zafuneka ziqiniswe emva kokuba zithinjwe. Le nto yayingenakuchulumiseka, kwaye inokunciphisa uluhlu lomntu. Ukuze kulandelwe i-akhawunti, i-retracking reckingers yenzelwe. Le teknoloji yebhanti yesikhundla isetyenziswa ngokusetyenziswa kwesitampu se static kunye nebhande elide, elibuyiselwayo elithengayo. Ngethuba lokusetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo, umbuyiseli uvumela ukuhamba kancinci. Nangona kunjalo, iyakwazi ukuvalela ngokukhawuleza endaweni xa kwenzeka ingozi.
Ukubuyisela i-belt seat belt basebenzisa i-centrifugal clutches ukukhupha ibhanti kunye nokukhiya endaweni yengozi. I-clutch isebenze naliphi na ixesha ibhanti likhutshwa ngokukhawuleza, elinokuthi libonwe ngokuzenzekelayo. Oku kuvulela ngokufanelekileyo i-modicum yoduduzo ngelixa iqhubeka nokukhusela ibhanti yokuhlala.
Iimoto zanamhlanje zisebenzisa ubuninzi bezobuchwephesha ezahlukeneyo ukubonelela ngentuthuzelo kunye nokukhuseleko, kubandakanywa nabalondolozi kunye ne-webclamps.
Izithintelo ezingapheliyo
Uninzi lwezibhanki zokuhlala zikhokelo, oku kuthetha ukuba ngamnye umqhubi kunye nomgibeli unokukhetha ukuba okanye angayifuni. Ukuze ususe loo nto ekhethiweyo, oorhulumente abathile baye banqumla umthetho okanye ukugunyazwa. EUnited States, uNobhala wezothutho wanikezela isigunyaziso ngo-1977 efuna ukuba zonke izithuthi zabagibeli zibe nehlobo oluthile lokunciphisa ngo-1983.
Namhlanje, uhlobo oluqhelekileyo lokuthintela okungahambiyo yi- airbag , kwaye umthetho ufuna iimoto ezithengiswayo eUnited States nakwezinye indawo ukuba zibe neyodwa okanye ngaphezulu kwazo. Nangona kunjalo, iibhanti zokuhlala ezizenzekelayo ziyaziwayo, iindleko ezantsi ezantsi kuma-1980.
Ezinye iibhanti zokuhlala ezizenzekelayo ziqhutywe ngelo xesha, nangona baninzi baxhunyiwe emnyango. Oku kuye kwavumela umqhubi okanye umgibeli ukuba adibanise endaweni phantsi kwebhanti, eyayiza ku "gxiba" ngempumelelo xa umnyango uvaliwe.
Ngelixa iibhanti zokuhlala ezizenzekelayo zithengwa kwaye zilula ukuphumeza kuneengqwembe ze-airbags, zanikezela izinto ezimbalwa ezingalunganga. Izithuthi ezinamabhanti kunye neebhanti zamagxa ngokuzenzekelayo zibeka ingozi efana nezithuthi ezisetyenziswa kuphela ngeebhanti ze-sash, ekubeni abahlali banokukhetha ukuba bangazibopheli izibhanti zesikhokelo. Kwezinye iimeko, abaqhubi kunye nabagibeli baye banokukhetha ukukhankanya ibhanti elenziwe ngokuzenzekelayo, okwakusoloko kubonwa njengento ecasulayo.
Xa i-airbags yaba zixhobo eziqhelekileyo kuzo zonke iinqwelo ezintsha zokuhamba kunye namaloli, amabhande okuhlala ngokuzenzekelayo awazange ayenze.