Iimpawu zoKhuseleko lweMoto

Iimpawu zoKhuseleko lweeNqwelo zeeKarikhi kunye nezobuGcisa obuPhakamileyo

Ukuziphendukela kweteknoloji yokukhusela imoto kukuqhubela phambili okuthabathayo eqhutywe yimpembelelo emininzi kwiminyaka yonke. Umsebenzi wegunya lika rhu lumente, amaqela obambe iqela, kunye nabahlalutyi bezoshishino kuye kwaphumela ekusungulweni kwezinto zonke ezivela kwiibhanti zesihlalo ukuze kulandelelaniswe iinkqubo zokulumkisa.

Ezinye zale teknoloji zikhokelela ngqo kwiziganeko ezincitshiswayo zengozi kunye nokufa, kwaye abanye baye bafumana iziphumo ezidibeneyo. Akungabazeki ukuba ukhuseleko lweemoto luye lwabona ukuzuza okuphawulekayo kwiminyaka embalwa edluleyo, kodwa kubekho iibhuzu ezimbalwa ezisezantsi.

01 ngo-14

Ulawulo loKhuseleko lweMivili

UDavid Birkbeck / E + / Getty Izithombe

Ulawulo lokuhamba ngeenqanawa oluhambelanayo ludibanisa inkqubo yolawulo lokuhamba ngeenqanawa kunye nolunye uhlobo lwesinzwa. Ininzi yale nkqubo isebenzisa i-radar okanye i-laser sensors, ezo zombini ziyakwazi ukuchonga isikhundla esifanelekileyo kunye nesantya sezinye iinqwelo. Lelo datha lingasetyenziselwa ukulungisa ngokuzenzekelayo isivinini sithuthi esilungele ukulawula ukuhamba ngeenqanawa.

Iinkqubo ezininzi zokulawula iinqwelo zokuhamba ngee-intanethi zibandakanya uhlobo oluthile lwenkqubo yokulumkisa ukuba ukulwa kunye kusondele, kwaye abanye banako ukuqhuma ngokuzenzekelayo. Ezinye zale nkqubo nazo ziyakwazi ukusebenza ngokuma kwaye zihamba ngeendlela, kodwa ezininzi zinqunyulwe kwisantya esincinci esithile. Kaninzi "

02 we-14

Iimpawu zengqwalasela

Iintloko ze-Adaptive zikwazi ukulungisa ngokuzenzekelayo i-angle kunye nokukhanya kwezibane. Ifoto © Newsbie Pix

Iimpawu zentloko zemveli zikhanyisa indawo echanekileyo phambi kwesithuthi. Iinkqubo ezininzi zinesethingi ezimbini, kwaye indawo ephezulu yenzelwe ukwandisa umgama ebusuku. Nangona kunjalo, imipu ephakamileyo ingaba yingozi kubaqhubi abazayo.

Iinkqubo zentloko e-Adaptive ziyakwazi ukulungelelanisa kokubili ukukhanya kunye nekona leentloko. Ezi nkqubo ziyakwazi ukubetha i-boram ukuze zikhanyise iindlela ezijikelezayo, kwaye ziyakwazi ukulungelelanisa ngokuzenzekelayo inqanaba lokukhawulela ukukhupha abanye abaqhubi. Kaninzi "

03 we-14

Airbags

I-Airbags isindisa ubomi, kodwa inokuba yingozi kubantwana abancinci. Ifoto © Jon Seidman

Ezinye iikhompyutha zenzelwe ukukhusela izingozi, kodwa ezinye iimpawu zokukhusela imoto zenzelwe ukukhusela umqhubi kunye nabagibeli ngexesha lokudibana. Ii-Airbags ziwela kwicandelo lokugqibela, kwaye zaqala ukubonakala njengezixhobo eziqhelekileyo kwizinto ezithile kunye nemodeli e-US ngonyaka we-1985 womzekelo. Ngokutsho kwedatha eqokelelelwe kwiminyaka elishumi ezayo, kwacaca ukuba i-airbags igcina ubomi kwaye ikhokelela ekunyuseni konke ukukhusela imoto. Ngokutsho kohlalutyo lwe-NHTSA, ukubulawa kwabaqhubi kuyancitshiswa ngama-11 ekhulwini kwiimoto ezazixhotyiswe nge-airbags.

Nangona kunjalo, i-airbags ziye zaboniswa ukubeka ingozi kubantwana abancinci. Nangona le nkalo yokukhuseleko ebalulekileyo iboniswe ukugcina ubomi babantu abahamba phambili phambi kweeminyaka eli-13 ubudala, abantwana abancinci bangalimazwa okanye babulawe ngumbutho oqhubisayo wokuhambisa umoya. Ngenxa yeso sizathu, ezinye izithuthi ziquka ukhetho lokucima umgibeli we-airbag. Kwezinye iinqwelo, kukhuselekileyo kubantwana abancinci ukukhwela nje kwisihlalo sokugqibela.

Kaninzi "

04 we-14

Iinkqubo zeBrake-Lock Lock (ABS)

Xa isithuthi singena kwi-skid, kunokuba nzima kakhulu ukulawula. Ifoto © DavidHT

Iinkqubo zokuqala zokuqhawula i-anti-lock zangeniswa ngonyaka wama-1970, kwaye le teknoloji yinqanaba lokwakha lolawulo, ukulawula ukuzinza kwe-electronic, kunye nezinye izinto ezininzi zokuphepha kwemoto zakhiwe.

I-anti-lock lock isetyenziswe ukukhusela iibhuleki ukuvalela ngokutshiza ngokukhawuleza kunokuba umqhubi womntu unako. Ekubeni ukuvalelwa ngamabhuleki kunokukhokelela ukwanda kweemitha kunye nokulahlekelwa kolawulo lomqhubi, iinkqubo zokuqhawula i-anti-lock zinciphisa kakhulu amathuba okuba ezinye iintlobo zeengozi. Oku kwenza i-ABS ibalulekileyo yokhuseleko lwemoto, kodwa ezi nkqubo azinciphisi ukuyeka ukuhamba ngaphantsi kwazo zonke iimeko zokuqhuba. Kaninzi "

05 we-14

Isaziso soMbane soMbane

Abasebenzi bokuphendula ngokukhawulezileyo bayabizwa ukuba benze isenzo kwimeko yesigxina. Iifoto ezithembekileyo ze-Official US Navy Imagery

Ngokungafani nobuchwephesha obunceda ukukhusela izingozi kunye neenkqubo ezinciphisa ukulimala ngexesha lezengozi, iinkqubo zesaziso ezizenzekelayo ngokukhawuleza zikhawule emva kweqiniso. Ezi nkqubo zenzelwe ukubiza ngokuzenzekelayo uncedo kuba abaninzi abaxhoba ngeengozi abakwazi ukwenza oko ngesandla.

Xa inkqubo yesaziso ngokuzenzekelayo isebenze, ukuphahlazeka ngokuqhelekileyo kuxelwa kwiinkonzo ezingxamisekileyo. Uncedo lunokuthunyelwa ngokuzenzekelayo, okanye amaxhoba angengozi angakwazi ukuthetha nomsebenzisi. Kaninzi "

06 we-14

Ukupaka ngokuzenzekelayo

Iinkqubo zokupaka ezenziwe ngokuzenzekelayo zenza ukupaka okufanayo ngokufudumele. Ifoto © thienzieyung
Iinkqubo zokupaka ezenziwe ngokuzenzekelayo zisebenzisa iisenisi ezininzi ukukhokela isithuthi kwindawo yokupaka. Ezinye zezi zixhobo ziyakwazi ukupaka okufanayo, abanye abaqhubi abafumana ubunzima. Ekubeni iinkqubo zokupaka ngokuzenzekelayo zisebenzisa izixhobo zentlobo, ziyakwazi ukuphepha ukugqithisa kwezantya ezisezantsi kunye nezinye izinto ezikhoyo. Kaninzi "

07 we-14

UkuBhubha ngokuzenzekelayo

Iinkqubo zokurhweba ngokuzenzekelayo ziyakwazi ukusebenzisa abaniki bamagxa abangenayo igalelo lomqhubi. Ifoto © Jellaluna

Iinkqubo zokurhweba ngokuzenzekelayo zenzelwe ukuba zikhusele ii-collisions okanye zinciphise ijubane lesithuthi ngaphambi kokushayisana. Ezi nkqubo zisebenzisa izixhobo ukuhlola izinto phambi kweso sithuthi, kwaye ziyakwazi ukusebenzisa iibhuleki ukuba kukho into efunyenweyo.

Esi sigqeba sokhuseleko sivame ukudibaniswa namanye ubuchwepheshe njengendlela yokuphambanisa kwangaphambili kunye nokulawula ukuhamba kwemikhumbi. Kaninzi "

08 we-14

Izixhobo zeSeckup kunye neeKhamera

Ezinye iikhamera zokulondoloza zibonelela ngolwazi olongezelelweyo ulwazi. Ifoto © Jeff Wilcox

Iimvoli zokulondoloza ziyakwazi ukuqwalasela ukuba kukho naziphi na iziphazamiso emva kwesithuthi xa zixhasa. Ezinye zezi nkqubo ziza kunika isilumkiso kumqhubi ukuba kukho umqobo, kwaye abanye baxhomekeke kwinkqubo yokuqhawula ngokuzenzekelayo.

Iikhamera zokugcina izixhobo zinika umsebenzi ofanayo, kodwa zinikezela umqhubi ngolwazi olubonakalayo ngaphezu kweemiboniso zangaphambili. Kaninzi "

09 we-14

Ulawulo lwe-Electronic Stability Control (ECS)

I-ESC inokukunceda ukunqanda izingozi zokulimala. Ifoto © Ted Kerwin

Ukulawula ukuzinza kwe-elektroniki yinto enye yokukhusela imoto esekelwe kwi-technology ye-ABS, kodwa ezi nkqubo zenzelwe ukunceda umqhubi ugcine ukulawula kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo. Umsebenzi ophezulu we-ECS kukuthelekisa iimpembelelo zomqhubi kunye nokuziphatha kwangempela kwesithuthi. Ukuba enye yezi nkqubo inquma ukuba isithuthi asiphendulanga ngokuchanekileyo, sinokuthatha inamba yezenzo zokulungisa.

Enye yeemeko eziphambili apho i-ECS ingafumaneka ngokufanelekileyo. Ukuba inkqubo ye-ECS ifumanisa ukuba i-oversteer okanye i-understeer xa isithuthi sithatha ikhonkco, ngokuqhelekileyo sinako ukwenza umsebenzi omnye okanye abaninzi abaqhekezayo ukulungisa imeko. Ezinye iinkqubo ze-ECS zingasebenzisa amandla angaphezulu kwaye zize zilungise ukuveliswa kweenjini. Kaninzi "

10 we-14

IiNkqubo zokuHlola zokuLuka

Iinkqubo ezifana ne-Audi esebenzayo yindlela yokuncedisa iyakwazi ukunika isinyathelo sokulungisa xa isithuthi siqala ukuqhuma. Umfanekiso © Audi waseMelika

Iindlela zokulumkisa zokuhamba ziwela kwelinye lamacandelo amabini. Iinkqubo ezinqabileyo zikhupha ukuba isithuthi siqala ukunyuka ukusuka kwindlela, kwaye kuya kumqhubi ukuba athathe amanyathelo okulungisa. Iisistim ezisebenzayo zivame ukukhupha isilumkiso, kodwa ziyakwazi ukutshiza iibhuleki okanye isebenzise amandla okulawula ukugcina isithuthi ngendlela yayo.

Uninzi lwezi nkqubo zisebenzisa ama-sensor yevidiyo, kodwa kukho ezinye ezisebenzisa i-laser okanye i-radar sensors esikhundleni. Kungakhathaliseki uhlobo lwesinzwa, ezi nkqubo azikwazi ukuqhuba ukuba iimpawu zokuhamba zifihliwe ziimeko ezimbi. Kaninzi "

11 we-14

Umbono woBusuku

Ezinye iimoto zinomfanekiso wombono ebusuku kwiintloko zokubonisa. Ifoto © Steve Jurvetson

Iinkqubo zombono wezithuthi ebusuku zenzelwe ukunceda abaqhubi ukuba baphephe imingcipheko kwiimeko zokuqhuba kakubi. Ezi nkqubo ziquka i-LCD ephakanyiswe ngenye indawo kwi-dash, nangona ezinye zazo ziquka i-head up display kwi-windshield yangaphambili.

Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili zeenkqubo zokujonga ubusuku bombane. Olunye uhlobo lusebenzisa ikhamera ye-thermographic eyenza ukushisa, kwaye enye isebenzisa umthombo wokukhanya we-infrared ukukhanyisa indawo phambi kwesithuthi. Zombini iinkqubo zibonelela ngeendlela eziphuculweyo zokubona ebusuku. Kaninzi "

12 we-14

Ibhanti zesitulo

Amabhande aseSihlalo anceda ukunqanda ukulimala ngexesha leengozi. Ifoto © Dylan Cantwell
Izibhande zokuhlala zenzelwe ukuthintela ukunyakaza ngexesha lezengozi, ezinokuthintela ukulimala okukhulu kunye nokufa. Iinkqubo ezinqabileyo zeebhanti zokuhlala ziqukethe i-beltic lap belt, kodwa kukho nenani leenkqubo ezizenzekelayo. Ezinye iibhanti zokuhlala zithintela ngexesha lokudibanisa, ezinokuthi zenze ngcono ukukhuselwa kumqhubi okanye umgibeli. Kaninzi "

13 we-14

Ukunyamekela kweTire

Ezinye iinkqubo ze-OEM zothungqo zengcinezelo zengcinezelo zibonisa ukuxinzelelo kwidayari ngalinye kwi-dash. Ifoto © AJ Batac
Uxinzelelo lweTire lunokuchaphazela i-gas mileage, ngoko ke iinkqubo zokubeka ingcinezelo yokhuseleko zinganceda ukuphucula. Nangona kunjalo, ezi nkqubo zinokuthi zisebenze njengempawu zokhuseleko lwemoto ngokukhusela izingozi. Ekubeni iinkqubo zokulinda uxinzelelo lwexinzelelo zinganika isaziso esiphezulu sokuba ivili lilahlekelwa uxinzelelo, abaqhubi bayakwazi ukuthatha inyathelo ngaphambi kokuba ipayili ephothiweyo ikhokelela ekulahlekelweni kokulawulwa kokulawula. Kaninzi "

14 we-14

Iinkqubo zoLawulo lweTraction (TCS)

Ukulawula ukulandelwa kuyaluncedo xa iindlela zidibene. Ifoto © DH Parks

Ukulawulwa kweentambo kubaluleke kakhulu kwi-ABS. Apho iinqwelo zokunqanda i-anti-lock zikunceda umqhubi alondoloze ukulawula ngexesha lokuqhaqhaqhawula, ukulawula ukulandelelana kunceda ukukhusela ukulahleka kolawulo ngexesha lokukhawuleza. Ukuze ufeze oko, ama-wheel sensors ase-ABS ahlolisiswa ukuba acinge ukuba ngaba nawaphi na mavili aphelile ngaphandle kokukhawuleza.

Ukuba inkqubo yokulawulwa kwetranstiki inquma ukuba enye okanye amasondo amaninzi alahlekelwe ngumzila, inokuthabatha amanyathelo amalungiselelo okulungisa. Ezinye iinkqubo zinokuthi zithinte iibhuleki kuphela, kodwa ezinye ziyakwazi ukutshintsha ukunikezelwa kwezinto okanye ukucima intsimbi kwenye okanye ngaphezulu kweesilinda kwinjini. Kaninzi "