I-Ngram, ebizwa ngokuba yi-N-gram yinkcazo yoluhlu lwesicatshulwa okanye umxholo wencoko ukufumana n (inombolo) yolunye uhlobo lento kwitekisi. Kungaba zonke iintlobo zezinto, njengeefonem, iziqendu, iibinzana okanye iileta. Nangona i-N-gram ingacacile ngaphandle komcwaningi, isetyenziswe ngokufanelekileyo kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo, kwaye inemiphumo eninzi kubantu abenza iinkqubo zeekhomputha eziqonda nokuphendula ngolwimi lwendalo. Oko, ngokucacileyo, bekuya kuba nomdla weGoogle kulo mbono.
Kwimeko yeGoogle Books Ngram Viewer, umbhalo oza kuhlaziywa uvela kwisixa esikhulu seencwadi i-Google ifunyenwe kuyo kwiilayibrari zorhulumente ukuze zikhuphe iinjongo zabo zokusesha zeGoogle . Kwiincwadi zeGoogle ze-Ngram Viewer, zibhekisela kwisicatshulwa oyifunayo njenge "corpus." I-corporal kwi-Ngram Viewer iyahlula ngolwimi, nangona unokuhlalutya ngokwahlukileyo i-British ne-American English okanye uyihlahlele ndawonye. Iphelile ukuba yinto enomdla kakhulu ukuguqula ukusetyenziswa kweBritish ukuya eMelika kunye nemibandela etshintsha.
Usebenza njani Ngram
- Yiya kwiincwadi ze-Google zeNgram Viewer kwiincwadi.google.com/ngrams.
- Izinto ziyi-case-sensitive, ngokungafani nophando lwewebhu lwe-Google, ngoko qi ni sekise ukuba usebenzise izibizo ezifanelekileyo.
- Thayipha kuyo nayiphi ibinzana okanye amabinzana ofuna ukuhlalutya. Qiniseka ukuba uhlule ibinzana ngalinye nge-comma. I-Google icetyisa, "U-Albert Einstein, uSherlock Holmes, uFrankenstein" ukuba uqalise.
- Emva koko, thayipha kwinqanaba lomhla. Okungagqibekanga ngu-1800 ukuya ku-2000, kodwa kukho iincwadi zamva kwangoko (ngo-2011 yayisetyenziswe ngokutsha kumaphepha e-Google, kodwa oko kungatshintsha.)
- Khetha i-corpus. Unokukhangela itekisi yolwimi lwangaphandle okanye isiNgesi, kwaye ngaphezu kokukhetha okuqhelekileyo, unokwazi ukubona izinto ezinjenge "IsiNgesi (2009) okanye i-American English (2009)" ngasezantsi. Ezi zilungelelaniso ezidala ukuba iGoogle sele ihlaziywe, kodwa unokuba nesizathu esithile sokwenza uqhathaniso lwakho neeseti zedatha endala. Uninzi lwabasebenzisi banokuzihoxisa kwaye bagxininise kwi-corpora yakutshanje.
- Beka izinga lakho lokujonganisa. Ukumotheka kubhekiselele ekugqibeleni igrafu igqityiwe ekupheleni. Ukumelwa okuchanekileyo kuya kuba yinkcazo ye-0, kodwa oko kunokuba nzima ukuwafunda. I-default is set to 3. Kwiimeko ezininzi, akudingeki ulungele oku.
- Cinezela inkqubela yeencwadi ezininzi zokukhangela . (Ungaphinda ungene kwi-prompt search).
Yintoni iNgram ebonisa?
Iincwadi ze-Google zeNgram Viewer ziya kukhupha igrafu emela ukusetyenziswa kwebakala elithile kwiincwadi ngexesha. Ukuba ungene igama elingaphezu kwelilodwa okanye ibinzana, uza kubona imigqa ekhowudiweyo kumbala ukuphathisa amagama ahlukeneyo ophando. Oku kufana neGoogle Trends , kuphela ukukhangela kwithuba elide ixesha.
Nanku umzekelo wokwenene wobomi. Sasifuna ukwazi ngamapayi aviniga. Bakhankanywe kwiLittle House yeLaura Ingalls Wilder kwiingqungquthela zePrairie , kodwa asizange sikuve into enjalo. Sokuqala sisebenzisa usesho lwewebhu lweGoogle ukuze sifunde ngokubanzi malunga nama-vinegar pies. Kubonakala ukuba, bayithathwa njengengxenye yeCuisine yaseMerika yaseMzantsi Afrika kwaye ngokwenene yenziwa kwiviniga. Bawuphulaphula amaxesha apho kungekhona wonke umntu onokufikelela kwimveliso emitsha ngawo onke amaxesha enyaka. Ingaba ibali lonke?
Sakhangela i-Google Ngram Viewer, kwaye kukho ukukhankanywa kokupakisha kokuqala nakwiminyaka ye-1800, ukuthetha okuninzi kuma-1940, kunye nenani elinyukayo elikhankanyiweyo kumaxesha adlulileyo (mhlawumbi i-nostalgia ye-pie.) Ewe, kukho Ingxaki kunye nedatha kwinqanaba le-smoothing 3. Kukho i-plateau phezu kokubhekiselele kwi-1800s. Ngokuqinisekileyo bekungekho inani elilinganayo lokubhekiswa kwipeyi ethile minyaka yonke iminyaka emihlanu? Yintoni eyenzekayo kukuba ngenxa yokuba akukho zininzi zeencwadi ezipapashwe ngelo xesha, kwaye ngenxa yokuba idatha yethu isetyenziselwa ukugqithisa, iphazamisa umfanekiso. Mhlawumbi kwakukho enye incwadi eyayichaza i-vinegar pie, kwaye ifunyenwe ukukhusela i-spike. Ngokubeka i-smoothing kwi-0, sinokubona ukuba le yinto efanelekileyo. Amaziko enama-spike ngo-1869, kwaye kukho enye i-spike ngo-1897 no-1900.
Ngaba akukho mntu uthetha ngeviniga ngexesha lonke? Mhlawumbi bathetha malunga nalawo maqhekeza. Kwakukho iindlela zokupheka ezijikelezayo kuyo yonke indawo. Abazange bazibhale ngeencwadi zabo, kwaye oko kukukhawulelana kwezi ngcingo zeNgram.
Advanced Ngram Searches
Khumbulani indlela esithe ngayo ukuba iNgrams ingaba nayo yonke iindidi zokukhangela itekisi ezahlukeneyo? I-Google ikuvumela ukuba udibanise ncinane kunye neNgram Viewer ngokunjalo. Ukuba ungathanda ukukhangela intlanzi isenzi endaweni yentlanzi isibizo, ungakwenza oko ngokusebenzisa amathegi. Kule meko, uya kufuna "i-fish_VERB"
I-Google inikeza uluhlu olupheleleyo lwemiyalelo ongayisebenzisa kunye namanye amaxwebhu aphambili kwiwebhusayithi.