Imigangatho yeVidiyo ayikho into efanayo naphi na
Ekubeni indawo yam isifikile kwihlabathi lonke, ndifumana imibuzo emininzi ngesihloko semilinganiselo yevidiyo ekhusela ukubukela i-tape yevidiyo e-US, ngokomzekelo, kwi-VCR eMpuma Yurophu. Okanye, kwelinye iimeko, umntu ovela e-UK uhamba e-US, ividiyo yokudubula kwi-camcorder yabo, kodwa abakwazi ukujonga ii-rekodi zabo kwi-TV ye-US okanye ukuyikopisha kwi-US VCR. Oku kuchaphazela iiDVD ezithengwa kwamanye amazwe, nangona imigangatho ye-DVD iquka into ebizwa ngokuba yiComming Coding, eyona yinto epheleleyo "eneempompo". Oku kudibanisa kwimigangatho yemigangatho echazwe apha, kwaye ichazwa ngokucacileyo kwinqaku elongezelelweyo "Iikhowudi Zommandla: IiDVD IiNfihlakalo Zingcolileyo" .
Kutheni oku? Ngaba kukho isisombululo kule nto kunye nezinye iingxaki ezinxulumene nemilinganiselo yevidiyo?
Nangona ukuhanjiswa kwerediyo, umzekelo, ujongene nemigangatho esetyenziswa kuyo yonke indawo kwiWorld, ithelevishini ayikho inhlanhla.
Kwimeko yangoku i-TV ye-analog, iHlabathi iyahlula ibe yimigangatho emithathu engavumelaniyo: i-NTSC, i-PAL, ne-SECAM.
Kutheni imilinganiselo emithathu okanye iinkqubo? Ngokukodwa, ithelevishini "yaqulunqwa" ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zehlabathi (i-US, i-UK neFransi). Izopolitiko zichazwe kakhulu ngexesha apho inkqubo iya kuqeshwa njengomgangatho kazwelonke kula mazwe. Kwakhona, kufuneka ukhumbule ukuba akukho ngqalelo enikeziweyo ngexesha leeNkqubo zoSasazo lweTV ezibekwe endaweni, ekunyuseni kwexesha le "Global" esihlala kulo namhlanje, apho ulwazi lunokutshintshiselana ngekhompyutha ngokulula nje ngokuba nencoko nommelwane womnye.
Uqwalaselo: NTSC, PAL, SECAM
NTSC
I-NTSC ngumgangatho wase-US owawwamkelwa ngo-1941 njengomboniso wokuqala wokusasazwa komabonwakude kunye nefomathi yevidiyo esasetyenziswayo. I-NTSC imele iKomiti yeeNkqubo zeTevevishini kaZwelonke kwaye yavunyelwa yi-FCC (iKhomishana ye-Federal Communications) njengomgangatho wokusasazwa kweTV nakwi-US.
I-NTSC isekelwe kumgca we-525, iindawo ezingama-60 / iifowuni ezingama-30 ngeyesibili kwi-60Hz inkqubo yokuhambisa nokubonisa imifanekiso yevidiyo. Le nkqubo yinkqubo ekhethiweyo apho isakhelo ngasinye sithathwa kwiinkalo ezimbini zemizila engama-262, ehlanganiselwe ukubonisa isakhelo sevidiyo kunye nemigca ye-525 yokukhangela.
Le nkqubo isebenza kakuhle, kodwa enye impendulo yimibala ye-TV kunye nokubonakalisa yayingeyona inxalenye ye-equation xa inkqubo ivunyiwe kuqala. Kwavela ingxaki malunga nendlela yokufaka umbala nge-NTSC ngaphandle kokwenza izigidi zeethelevishini zeB / W zisetyenziswe ngasekuqaleni kweminyaka ka-1950. Ekugqibeleni, imilinganiselo yokongeza umbala kwi-NTSC yamukelwa ngo-1953. Nangona kunjalo, ukuphunyezwa kombala kwifomathi ye-NTSC kubunobuthathaka kwenkqubo, ngoko i-NTSC yexesha laziwa ngabafundi abaninzi " Umbala " . Ngaba uqaphele ukuba umgangatho wemibala kunye nokuvumelana kuyahlukahluka kakhulu phakathi kwezitishi?
I-NTSC ngumgangatho osemthethweni we-analog kwi-US, Canada, Mexico, kwezinye iindawo zaseCentral naseMzantsi Melika, eJapan, eTaiwan naseKorea. Ukufumana ulwazi oluthe kwamanye amazwe.
PAL
I-PAL yiyo ifomathi ephezulu kwiWorld for broadcast television kunye nokuboniswa kwevidiyo (i-sorry US) kwaye isekelwe kumgca we-625, iifama ezingama-50 / ama-25 kwisakhelo sesibini, i-50HZ inkqubo. Isibonakaliso siphendulwa, njenge-NTSC kwiindawo ezimbini, ezenziwe ngamanqanaba angama-312 nganye. Iinkalo eziliqela ezahlukileyo ziyodwa: umfanekiso ongcono ngakumbi kune-NTSC ngenxa yemali eyongeziweyo yemida yokukhangela. Amabini: kuba umbala wawuyingxenye yomgangatho ukususela ekuqaleni, umbala ohambelanayo phakathi kweziteshi kunye neTV zilunge ngakumbi. Kukho icala eliphantsi kwe-PAL nangona kunjalo, ekubeni kukho amacandelo ambalwa (25) aboniswe ngesibini, ngamanye amaxesha unokwazi ukukhwabanisa emfanekisweni, kufana ne-flicker ebonwe kwifilimu ecetywayo.
Qaphela: iBrazil isebenzisa ukuhluka kwePAL, ebizwa ngokuba yi-PAL-M. I-PAL-M isebenzisa imigca 525/60 HZ. I-PAL-M iyahambelana ne-B / W kuphela yokudlala kwiifomati zefomathi ze-NTSC.
Ukususela kwi-PAL kunye nokuhluka kwayo kulawulwa kwehlabathi elinjalo, uye wabizwa ngokuthi " Uxolo Ekugqibeleni ", ngabo bahlala kwimisebenzi yevidiyo. Amazwe kwi-PAL inkqubo iquka i-UK, iJamani, iSpain, iPortugal, iItali, iChina, i-Indiya, ininzi ye-Afrika kunye neMbindi Mpuma.
SECAM
I-SECAM yinto "engafanelekanga" yemigangatho yevidiyo ye-analog. Uphuhlisiwe eFransi (Kubonakala ukuba amaFrentshi ahlukileyo nangemiba yobuchwepheshe), i-SECAM, ngoxa iphakamileyo kwi-NTSC, ayikho iphakamileyo kwi-PAL (ngokwenene amazwe amaninzi awamkele i-SECAM angaguqulela kwi-PAL okanye i-system-broadcasting kwi-PAL no-SECAM).
Njenga-PAL, ngumgca we-625, isambulelo se-50 / u-25 kwisalathisi se-interlaced yesibini, kodwa inxalenye yombala iphunyezwe ngokwahlukileyo kunokuba i-PAL okanye i-NTSC. Enyanisweni, i-SECAM imele (ngesiNgesi) Umbala olinganayo kunye neMemori. Kulo msebenzi wevidiyo, uye wabizwa ngokuthi " Into echasene neendlela zaseMerika ", ngenxa yolawulo lwemibala eyahlukileyo. Amazwe kwi-SECAM nkqubo iquka iFransi, iRashiya, iYurophu yaseMpuma kunye nezinye iindawo zoMbindi Mpuma.
Nangona kunjalo, enye into ebalulekileyo ekuchazeni nge-SECAM kukuba ifomathi yokuthumela ithelevishini (kunye nefomathi yokurekhoda kwe-VHS ye-SECAM) - kodwa akuyiyo ifomathi yokudlala yeDVD. IiDVD ziyazi kakuhle kwi-NTSC okanye i-PAL kwaye zibhalwe kwiindawo ezithile zendawo, ngokubhekiselele kokudlala ngokuhambelana. Kwamazwe asebenzisa umgangatho wokusasaza we-SECAM, iiDVD zikwazi ukufometha kwifayile yevidiyo ye-PAL.
Ngamanye amagama, abantu abahlala kumazwe abasebenzisa ifomati yokusasazwa kwe-SECAM yee-SECAM, basebenzise ifomathi ye-PAL xa kuza kwividiyo yeDVD. Zonke iifomvisions ze-SECAM ezisekelwe kubathengi zingabuka zombini isalathisi se-SECAM esasasazwayo okanye uphawu lwevidiyo lwe-PAL, njenge-DVD, VCR, DVR, njl ...
Ukususa zonke iigumbi zobugcisa malunga ne-NTSC, i-PAL, kunye ne-SECAM, ukukhokelwa kwezi fomati zeTV kuthetha ukuba i-video apha ayikwazi ukufana nevidiyo apho (naphi okanye apha okanye mhlawumbi kungenzeka). Isizathu esiyinqobo sokuba inkqubo nganye ayihambelani kukuba isekelwe kwiirhafu ezahlukeneyo kunye nokuhamba komda, okuthintela izinto ezinjengama-tapes evidiyo kunye neeDVD ezibhaliswe kwinkqubo enye ukuba idlalwe kwezinye iisistim.
Multi-System Solutions
Nangona kunjalo, zikho izisombululo kwezobuchwepheshe obuphikisanayo sele bukhona kwiimarike zabathengi. EYurophu, umzekelo, amaninzi amaTV, iiVCR kunye neeDVD ezithengiswayo ziNTSC kunye ne-PAL. E-US, le ngxaki iphethwe ngabadayisi abazodwa kwiimveliso ze-elektroniki zehlabathi. Ezinye iindawo eziphezulu ze-intanethi ziquka iWindows Electronics, kunye ne-Import World.
Ukongeza, ukuba kwenzeka ukuba uhlala kwisixeko esikhulu, njengeNew York, eLos Angeles, okanye iMiami, eFlorida, abanye abathengisi abaziintloko nabazimeleyo ngamanye amaxesha baphatha ii-VCRs ezininzi. Ngoko ke, ukuba unesihlobo okanye ngabahlobo phesheya unokwenza kunye nokukopisha ikhampasi okanye iividiyo ozirekhodile iTV kunye nokuthumela iikopi kubo kwaye ungadlala i-PAL okanye i-SECAM iividiyo zokuthumela zona.
Nangona kunjalo, ukuba unayo isidingo sokwenza i-VCR yeenkqubo ezininzi kodwa kusadingeka ukuba ube nekhompyutheni yevidiyo eguqulelwe kwenye inkqubo, kukho iinkonzo kuwo wonke umzi omkhulu ongakwenza oku. Jonga nje kwincwadi yefowuni yendawo phantsi kwe-Video Production okanye Iinkonzo zokuHlalwa kweeVideos. Iindleko zokuguqula enye iteksi ayibiza kakhulu.
ImiGangatho Yehlabathi Ye-Digital Television
Ekugqibeleni, ucinga ukuba ukuphunyezwa kwehlabathi kwi-Digital TV kunye ne-HDTV kuza kuxazulula umba weenkqubo ezingafaniyo zevidiyo, kodwa akunjalo. Kukho "ihlabathi" leengxabano ezungeze ukuthotyelwa komgangatho wehlabathi jikelele wokusasazwa kwetheyibhile yedijithali kwaye idlale imifanekiso yevidiyo ecacileyo ecacileyo.
I-US kunye namanye amazwe aseMntla yaseMerika nase-Asia athathe i-ATSC (i-Advanced Television Standards Committee komgangatho, iYurophu iye yamkela i-DVB (iDVDB), kwaye iJapan ikhetha inkqubo yayo, i-ISDB (i-Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting). ulwazi olongezelelweyo kwilizwe leMigangatho ye-Digital Digital / HDTV, khangela iingxelo ezivela kwi-EE Times.
Ukongezelela, Nangona kukho ukungafani okucacileyo phakathi kwevidiyo ye-HD kunye ne-analog, umlinganiselo wezinga lomlinganiselo uhlala kwi-PAL nakwii-NTSC kumazwe.
Kwimihlaba eye ibe kwi-NTSC ye-analog ye-analog / i-video inkqubo, ngoku, imigangatho ye-HD yokusasazwa kunye nemigangatho ye-HD ebhalwe (njenge-Blu-ray ne-HD-DVD) ihambelane nereyithi ye-NTSC yesakhelo sama-30 ozimele ngeesibini, ngelixa Imigangatho ye-HD kumazwe asele kwi-PAL yokusasazwa / imilinganiselo yevidiyo okanye umgangatho wokusasaza we-SECAM uhambelana nomlinganiselo we-PAL wesreyimu wama-25 ozimele ngesibini.
Ngethamsanqa, inani elikhulayo leethelevishini ezichaziweyo ziyafumaneka kwihlabathi lonke, kunye nabo bonke abavolonti bevidiyo, bayakwazi ukubonisa isakhelo se-25 kunye neesakhelo ezingama-30 ngeesibini zeesandi zeHD.
Ukushiya zonke iigumbi zobugcisa malunga neendidi ezahlukahlukeneyo zeMigangatho ye-Digital / HDTV, oku kuthetha ukuba, ngokusasazwa, ikhebula kunye nomboniso we-satellite kwixesha ledijithali, kuya kuqhubeka ukungahambelani phakathi kweentlanga zehlabathi. Nangona kunjalo, kunye nokuphunyezwa kweevidiyo kunye nokuguqulwa kwee-chips kwimveliso yevidiyo ephezulu, umba wokudlala i-video erekhodiweyo kwakhona iya kuba yinkinga enkulu njengoko ixesha liqhubeka.