I-E-Waste kunye nayo yonke into equka
I-Arhente yokuKhuselwa kweNdalo (i-EPA) ibhekisela kwiNkunkuma ye-elekroniki njengemveliso ye-elektroniki elahliwe ngabathengi.
Oku kungacacanga, ngoko cinga nge-E-Waste njengenguqu yekhompyutha yezinto oza kuzifumana kwiikratshi zokukhanda. Kuphela yinkomo enobuthi.
Eli nqaku liza kugxininiswa kwiNkunkuma ye-elektronike kwaye isebenza njani kumabonakude. I-E-Waste, nangona kunjalo, iyasebenza nakwiindlela ezilandelayo ze-elektroniki ngokwe-EPA:
- Abahloli bekhompyutha
- Iikhomputha kunye nezixhobo zekhompyutha
- Izixhobo ezivakalayo kunye ne stereo
- IiVCR kunye nabadlali beDVD
- Iikhamera zevidiyo
- Iifowuni, ii-cell phone kunye nezinye iifowuni ezingenantambo
- Ifeksi kunye noomatshini bokukopisha
- Iimidlalo zokuzonwabisa zevidiyo
Yintoni i-E-Waste?
I-E-Waste iyilahla imveliso yecomputer. Ukulahla okungalunganga kuthintela impilo yabantu kunye nezosingqongileyo kuba ezininzi zezi mveliso zinezinto ezinobuthi.
Ukulahla okungalunganga kunokulahla i-TV yakho yangaphambili ye-analog kwintsimi yakho kwindlu yakho, kwi-landfill, kwindawo yokupaka okanye umenzi wokuphinda abuyele ngokungekho mthethweni ukuthumela ngaphesheya kwezilwandle. Inqakrazo yokukhumbula kukuba ukulahlwa okungafanelekanga kunokubangela impembelelo eyingozi echaphazela yakho yangasemva.
Impembelelo ye-E-Waste malunga neethelevishini eziqhutywe ngenguqu yedijithali ngenxa yabantu abaninzi kunye namashishini atshintshe ama-TV anama-analog ngamanqaku edijithali.
Iikhemikhali ezinobungozi kwiiTelevishini
Iithelevishini ziqulethe i-lead, i-mercury, i-cadmium kunye ne-ignored flame delayers. Ngokutsho kwe-EPA, "ezi zinto zibandakanyiweyo kwimveliso yeempawu ezibalulekileyo zokusebenza, kodwa zingabangela iingxaki ukuba iimveliso azilawulwa kakuhle ekupheleni kobomi."
- Inkokeli yinto ebalulekileyo yokukhathazeka ngenxa yee-TV ze-analog ezitshintshwa ngenxa yeTV ye-digital. Itholakala ngokukodwa kwi-cathode ray tube (CRT) iiTV, eziqhelekileyo ziquke naphi na iipounds ezi-8 zokukhokela, ezifumaneka kwi-tube.
- Inkokeli inetyhefu kubantu, ngakumbi abantwana. Ngokubhekiselele kumabonakude e-analog, iSebe laseGeorgia lezoLuntu lixele ukuba umntwana ovelele ekukholeni "unokuhlakulela i-anemia, stomachache, i-stomachache eqatha, ubuthathaka bomzimba kunye nomonakalo wengqondo. Amanqanaba aphantsi okhokelo anokuchaphazela nokukhula kwengqondo kunye nokwenyama komntwana. "
- I-Mercury ayilona kuphela i-thermometers njengoko ifunyenwe kwiipaneli eziphathekayo zeTV. Oku kungenxa yokuba ezinye zezibane ezisebenzisayo ziqukethe i-mercury, "inetyhefu kumanqanaba amancinci kakhulu, kwaye ibangela ukulimala kwengqondo kunye neentso" ngokubhekiselele kuThabathe i-TV yam.
- Ukukhanyisa kwiipaneli ezicwangcisiweyo ziphuculwe kunye nokuphuhliswa kwesibane se-cathode fluorescent (CCFLs) kunye ne-diode ekhanyayo (i-LED), engasebenzisi i-mercury.
- I-Cadmium ifumaneka kwiingubo ze-phosphor ezihamba ngaphakathi kwii-CRT izikrini. I-EPA yaqalisa ukulawula i-cadmium ngowe-1974 kunye noMthetho wokuNwa kwamanzi oPheleleyo.
- Yiyo into enokubangela ukuba impilo yexesha elide. I-EPA ithi i-cadmium inokubangela intliziyo, isibindi, ithambo kunye nomonakalo wegazi xa kuboniswe kumanqanaba aphezulu ngaphezu kwexesha elide.
- I-Cadmium inokungena emthonjeni wethu wokutya ngokuhamba emigqeni yomhlaba kwaye ixutywe yimifuno enemiqabunga, izityalo zengcambu, izityalo kunye neenqolowa, ngokutsho kweArhente yeZifo eziTyhefu kunye neRejista yeGciwane.
- I-Burner flame delayers (BFRs) yaziwa ngokuba yonakalisa i-hormone kunye neenkqubo zokuzala. Zifumaneka kwiiplastiki, njengamaxesha okukhusela, amabhodi eesekethe kunye neencingo ngenjongo yokubonelela ngomlilo.
- I-Silicon Valley Toxics Coalition (i-SVTC) ibika ukuba ii-BFR "ziphazamise ingqwalasela, ukufunda, imemori nokuziphatha kwizilwanyana zebhoratri." I-SVTC ithi i-BFR ifunyenwe kwizilwanyana zasemanzini, iintlanzi kunye neenkukhu zeentaka kunye nobisi lomntu, i-serum kunye ne-adipose izicubu.
Iingxaki zezeMpilo zeTV eziLondoloziweyo
Isebe laseGeorgia lezoLuntu, uLawulo lwezeMpilo zikaRhulumente linikezele ingxelo ekhuthaza ukuphinda kusetyenziswe kwakhona nokuvuselelwa kwee-analog televisions ngenxa yenguqu yedijithali.
Kulo nkcazo, uDkt. Sandra Elizabeth Ford, ngoko umlawuli osebenzayo weCandelo lezeMpilo zikaRhulumente, wathi, "Sikhuthaza abemi ukuba bavuselele kwakhona okanye babuye basebenzise ama-analog abo amanani njengoko amaninzi ala maqoqo aya kugqitywa kwiifowuni kunye nezixhobo ezingenasiphelo apho ezinokungcolisa umhlaba kunye namanzi angaphantsi komhlaba. "
Le nkxalabo yezempilo ayixhomeke kwiGeorgia.
Ngokutsho kwe-Electronics TakeBack Coalition, i-eleven states kunye neNew York City zilahlile imithetho yokuvalwa ngokubhekiselele kumabonakude. Ngezantsi uluhlu lwala mazwe kunye nomhla owaqala ukusebenza ngawo:
- Arkansas - Januwari 2008
- ECalifornia-Febhuwari 2006
- Connecticut - Januwari 2011
- Maine - Julayi 2006
- EMassachusetts - Apreli 2000
- Minnesota - Julayi 2006
- ENew Jersey ngoJanuwari 2010
- I-New Hampshire -Julayi 2007
- Isixeko saseNew York - ngoJulayi 2010
- North Carolina - Januwari 2012
- Oregon - Januwari 2010
- Rhode Island - Julayi 2008
UkuXanduva kunye nokuQinisekiswa koMthetho
I-Ofisi ye-Accountability Account (i-GAO) ibhekisele kubathengi ngekhompyutha kwiinkcazo zengxelo ye-Agasti ka-2008 enesihloko esithi "I-EPA Ifuna Ukulawulwa Kolungelelaniso Olwenyathelo olutshisayo lwe-US ngokusebenzisa ukunyanzeliswa okunamandla kunye noMgaqo opheleleyo."
I-GAO ibonise ukukhathazeka malunga neenkampani zaseMelika zokubuyisela ngokungekho mthethweni ukuthumela iikhompyutheni ezindala kumazwe asathuthukayo ukuba ziphulwe phantsi, into engumngcipheko kuba la mazwe "anokwenza izinto ezingaphephile zokuphinda zilungiswe."
Ngenxa yoko, i-GAO icebisa ukuba i-EPA iqale ukunyanzelisa imithetho kwaye ikhulise "igunya layo lokulawula ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe angenakonakalisa i-electronics."
Kuphi ukuthatha i-TV yakho
Kuya kuba kuhle ukuba yonke ishishini elithembisa ukubuyisela ngokutsha i-TV ehlala ngumthetho, kodwa akunjalo.
Ngomhla kaNovemba 2008 60 Imizuzu engxelo enegama elinesihloko esithi "I-Wondeland ye-Electronic" yabonisa ukuthutha okungekho mthethweni kwee-CRT ezivela eDenver ukuya eChina eziye zaphumela edolophini apho umntu nezilwanyana zazihlala kwindawo enobuthi. IVidiyo: i-Electronic Land
Ingaba i-website engcono kakhulu yokufumana inhlangano ehloniphekileyo yokuvuselela i-website ye-EPA ye-eCycling website, echaza iinkqubo zokuvelisa izinto ezingenzi nzuzo ezichaphazela imboni yabathengi.