Funda indlela yokubhala i-XML eQinisekisiweyo eyiyo kakuhle
Ngamanye amaxesha kulula ukuqonda indlela yokubhala i-XML eyenziwe kakuhle ngokubona umzekelo. I-newsletter ye-Web Writer ibhaliwe usebenzisa ifom ye-XML-ndiyibiza ngokuba yi-AML okanye malunga neLwimi loLwimi (jonga!). Nangona le nguxwebhu olusebenzayo, akuyiyo inqaku elenziwe kakuhle okanye elivumelekileyo leXML.
Eyakhelwe kakuhle
Kukho imigaqo ethile yokwakha i-XML enokwakheka kakuhle:
- Isibhengezo se-XML kufuneka sifike kuqala kuwo onke amaxwebhu.
- Iingxelo azivumelekanga kwi-tag. Amazwana angenayo ikhonkco ezimbini kumqolo, ngaphandle kokuqala nokuphela kweengxelo.
- I-tag kufuneka ibe nomgca wokugqibela, okanye uvaliwe ngaphakathi kwithegi ye-singleton ngokwayo, umzekelo
. - Zonke iimpawu zetekithi mazicatshulwe, mhlawumbi zicaphuno eziphindwe kabini ngaphandle kokuba umxholo ngokwawo uqulethe ukucaphulwa kabini.
- Wonke umqulu we-XML kufuneka ube nequmrhu elilodwa eliqulethe zonke ezinye izinto.
Kukho iingxaki ezimbini kuphela kwirekhodi ezenza ukuba zenziwe kakuhle:
Into yokuqala efunwa nguxwebhu lwe-AML yisitatimende sokuvakalisa i-XML.
Enye ingxaki kukuba akukho nanye into efaka zonke iinkalo. Ukukulungisa oku, ndiya kudibanisa into yenkomo yangaphandle:
Ukwenza ezo zinguqu ezilula (kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba zonke izinto ziqulethe kuphela i-CDATA) ziya kuguqula umqulu ongeyena owenziwe kakuhle kwixwebhu elenziwe kakuhle.
Umbhalo osebenzayo we-XML uqinisekisiweyo ngokubhekiselele kuxwebhu loxwebhu olucacileyo (DTD) okanye i-XML Schema. Le yimiqathango yemithetho eyenziwe ngumvelisi okanye inqanaba lemigangatho elichaza i-semantics yecandelo le-XML. Ezi zinto zixelela ikhompyutha ukuba yintoni na oyenzayo malunga nokukhangela.
Kwiimeko zoLwimi lweMarko, kuba oku akulona ulwimi oluqhelekileyo lweXML, njenge XHTML okanye SMIL, i-DTD iya kudalwa ngumqambi. Ukuba i-DTD ingaba yinkonzo efanayo kunye ne-XML, kwaye ichazwe phezulu kwiphepha.
Ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukuphuhlisa i-DTD okanye i-Schema yamaphepha akho, kufuneka uqaphele ukuba ngokumiswa ngokusemthethweni, ixwebhu le-XML lichaza ngokwalo, kwaye ke aludingi i-DTD.
Ngokomzekelo, kunye nomqulu wethu we-AML owenziwe kakuhle, kukho a manqaku alandelayo:
Ukuba uqhelana ne-Newsletter ye-Web Writer, unokwazi ukubona amacandelo ahlukeneyo encwadana. Oku kwenza kube lula ukwenza iincwadi ezintsha ze-XML usebenzisa ifomati efanayo. Ndiyazi ukuba ndihlala ndibeka isihloko esipheleleyo kwi-tag, kunye neyokuqala kwecandelo le-URL kwithegi.
DTDs
Ukuba ufunwa ukubhala uxwebhu oluvumelekileyo lwe-XML, nokuba usebenzise idatha okanye ukuyilungisa, uya kulufaka kumqulu wakho ngetekisi. Kule tag, uchaza uphawu lwesiseko se-XML kwidokethi, kunye nendawo yeDTD (ngokuqhelekileyo i-Web URI). Umzekelo:
Enye into enhle malunga neengxelo ze-DTD kukuba unokukwazi ukuba iDTD yindawo yendawo apho inkqubo ye-XML ine "INQUBO". Ungakhokelela kwakhona kwi-DTD yoluntu, njengengxelo ye-HTML 4.0:
Xa usebenzisa zombini, uxelela lo mbhalo ukuba usebenzise i-DTD ethile (i-identifier yoluntu) kunye nalapho ungayifumana khona (i-identifier system).
Ekugqibeleni, unokufaka i-DTD yangaphakathi kwincwadi, ngaphakathi kwitekisi ye-DOCTYPE. Umzekelo (akusiyo i-DTD epheleleyo kumqulu we-AML):
< ! ENTITY meta_keywords (#PCDATA)> ]>I-XML Schema
Ukuze udale idokhumenti ye-XML evumelekileyo, ungasebenzisa kwakhona ixwebhu le-XML Schema ukuchaza i-XML yakho. I-XML Schema ngumqulu we-XML ochaza amaxwebhu e-XML. Funda indlela yokubhala i-schema.
Phawula
Ukukhomba nje kwi-DTD okanye i-XML Scheme ayanele. I-XML ekhomputheni kufuneka ilandele imigaqo kwi-DTD okanye kwi-Schema. Ukusebenzisa isilathisi sokuqinisekisa yindlela elula yokujonga ukuba i-XML yakho ilandela imithetho ye-DTD. Unokufumana ezininzi ezinjalo kwi-intanethi.