Uluphi Uluhlu?

Inkcazo Inkcazo

Ngamafutshane, ukukhupha kuhambelana nokuvula okanye ukuvalwa kwekhamera yekhamera ukuvumela okanye ukungavumeli amanqanaba okukhanya okuhluka. Iilensi ze- DSLR zine-iris ngaphakathi kwazo, eziza kuvulwa kwaye zivale ukuvumela inani elithile lokukhanya ukuba lifike kwi-cap sensor. Ikhefu lekhamera lilinganiselwa kwi-f-stops.

I-Aperture ineemisebenzi ezimbini kwi-DSLR. Ukongezelela ukulawula umlinganiselo wokukhanya owela kwi-lens, ikwalawula kwakhona ubunzulu bentsimi.

Xa uphendulela imifanekiso ngekhamera ephezulu, uya kufuna ukuqonda ukuvula. Ngokulawula ukukhutshwa kwekhamera yekhamera, uza kutshintsha kakhulu indlela iifoto zakho zibukeka ngayo.

Ububanzi be-F-Stops

Ama-F-amacandelo adlula kwiindawo ezininzi, ngokukodwa kwi-lens DSLR. Ubuncinane bakho kwaye ubuninzi beenombolo ze-f-stop ziya kuxhomekeka, nangona kunjalo, kumgangatho we-lens yakho. Umgangatho wezithombe unokuthi ulahle xa usebenzisa isithuba esincinci (kukho ngaphezulu ngaphantsi), kwaye abavelisi banciphisa ukukhutshwa okuncinci kwezinye iilensi, kuxhomekeke kumgangatho wokwakha kunye nokuyila.

Uninzi lwama-lens luya kuba luncinane ukusuka ku-f3.5 ukuya ku-f22, kodwa udidi lwe-f-stop ebonwe kwiilensi ezahlukeneyo lukwazi ukufumana f1.2, f1.4, f1.8, f2, f2.8, f3.5, f4, f4 .5, f5.6, f6.3, f8, f9, f11, f13, f16, f22, f32 okanye f45.

I-DSLR inamanyathelo amaninzi kuneekhamera ezininzi zefilimu.

Ubumba kunye nobubanzi beNkundla

Masiqale ngomsebenzi olula kakhulu wokuqala: Ulawulo lwalo bunzulu bekhamera yakho.

Ubunzulu bentsimi lithetha nje ukuba ubuninzi bomfanekiso wakho bujolise kumxholo wakho. Ubuncinci bentsimi kuya kwenza ukuba isihloko sakho esiyintloko sibukhali, ngelixa ezinye izinto eziphambili kunye nemvelaphi ziya kuphazamiseka. Ubunzulu bomhlaba obuninzi buya kugcina yonke imifanekiso yakho ebukhali kuyo yonke ubunzulu bayo.

Usebenzisa ubuncinci bezentsimi ukuze ufotoze izinto ezifana nobucwebe, kunye nobukhulu obunzulu beentsimi zeendawo kunye nezinto ezinjalo. Akukho mgaqo okhuni okanye okhawulezayo, nangona kunjalo, kwaye ukhetho oluninzi olufanelekileyo lwensimi luvela kwisimo sakho somntu ngokwakho oko kuya kuhambelana neyona nto.

Ukufikelela kwi-f-stop stops, ubuncinci obuncinci bendawo bumelelwe ngenani elincinci. Umzekelo, i-f1.4 yinani elincinci kwaye liya kukunika ubuncinci bentsimi. Ubunzulu bentsimi ebanzi lumelelwa ngenani elikhulu, njenge f22.

Ukuvula kunye nokuBhenca

Nanku apho kungadideka khona ...

Xa sibhekisela kwisibambiso "esincinci", i-f-stop efanelekileyo iya kuba yinani elikhulu. Ngoko ke, i-f22 yindawo encinci, kanti i-f1.4 yindawo enkulu. Kudideka kakhulu kwaye kungenangqiqo kubantu abaninzi ekubeni yonke inkqubo ibonakala ibuyela phambili!

Nangona kunjalo, oko kufuneka ukukhumbule kukuba, kwi-f1.4, iris ivulekile kwaye ivumela ukukhanya okukhulu. Ngako oko kuvuleka okukhulu.

Enye indlela yokunceda ekukhunjuleni oku kukuqaphela ukuba ukukhangela kwamanani kuhambelana nokulingana apho ubude obude budibene ngokukhatyulwa kwamanzi. Umzekelo, ukuba unayo i-lenti ye-50mm kunye ne-iris evulekile, ungaba nomgodi olinganisa u-25mm ububanzi. Ngoko ke, i-50mm ihlukaniswe ngama-25mm alinganayo 2. Oku kuguqulela kwi-f-stop of f2. Ukuba isithuba sincinci (umzekelo we-3mm), ke ukuhlula i-50 nge-3 kusinika i-f-stop ye-f16.

Ukutshintsha iifestile kubhekiselwa kuye ngokuthi "ukuyeka" (ukuba wenza isithuba sakho sincinci) okanye "ukuvula" (ukuba wenze ukuvula kwakho kukhulu).

Uluhlu & # 39; s Ubudlelwane kwiSitter Speed ​​and ISO

Ekubeni ukukhupha kulawula umbane wokukhanya ozayo kwi-lens kwi-sensor yekhamera, inefuthe ekuboniseni umfanekiso. Ijubane lokuvala , kwakhona, linempembelelo ekuvezeni okokuba imilinganiselo yeso sihlandlo sokuvalwa kwekhamera.

Ngoko ke, kunye nokuthatha isigqibo malunga nobunzulu bentsimi ngokusebenzisa indlela yokuvula, kufuneka ukhumbule ukuba kukhanya kangakanani ukungena kwilensi. Ukuba ufuna ubuncinci bentsimi kwaye ukhethe ukukhutshwa kwef2.8, umzekelo, ngoko kuhamba ngokukhawuleza kwintsimbi kufuneka kufikelele ngokukhawuleza ukwenzela ukuba i-shutter ingavulwa ixesha elide, oko kungenza ukuba umfanekiso ukhululeke.

Isantya sokuvala ngokukhawuleza (njenge-1/1000) ikuvumela ukuba ushankanye isenzo, ngelixa i-speed shutter speed (umz. 30 imizuzwana) ivumela iifoto zangokuhlwa ngaphandle kokukhanya. Zonke izicwangciso zokuchaswa zichazwe ngumlinganiselo wokukhanya. Ukuba ubunzulu bendawo bubakhathalele kakhulu (kwaye kuya kuba njalo), ngoko unako ukulungelelanisa isivinini se-shutter ngokufanelekileyo.

Ngokuhambelana nale nto, sinokutshintsha kwakhona i- ISO yomfanekiso wethu ukunceda ngeemeko zokukhanyisa. I-ISO ephezulu (emelwe ngenani eliphakamileyo) iza kusenza sikhuphe kwiimeko ezincinci zokukhanyisa ngaphandle kokuba sitshintshe i-speed shutter kunye nezicwangciso zokuvula. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ukubeka i-ISO ephakamileyo kuya kubangela ukuba kubekho okusanhlamvu (okubizwa ngokuba "ingxolo" kwi-digital imagery), kwaye ukuhlaselwa komfanekiso kunokubonakala.

Ngesi sizathu, ndihlala nditshintsha i-ISO njengento yokugqibela.