Ngomfutshane Jonga kwiZiko eziphambili kwiMbali ye-intanethi
Ukuqonda imimandla ye-intanethi ekhulayo, kuyakunceda ukuqonda imbali ye-Intanethi kunye nendlela iguqukele ngayo into ekuthiwa ngabanye ukusa kwexesha leLwazi loLwazi.
Umlando wam we-intanethi wangena ngowa-1988 xa ndabhalisa kwikholejini njengomfundi we-Computer Science Engineering. Ngeli xesha, ukusetyenziswa ngokugqithiseleyo kwe-intanethi kungahle kuchazwe ngokucacileyo njengabafundi beekholeji. Ngokuqinisekileyo, kwakunezixhobo ezincedo ngakumbi, kodwa kwakukho nobusuku obusenyongweni obuchithwa kwii-Internet zokudlulisa iingxoxo nge-intanethi kunye nabafundi ukutshintsha iingcamango ezintle njengento ababebukeleyo kumabonwakude nento ababeyidla.
Ngeli xesha le-intanethi ye-Intanethi, umsebenzi ogqithwayo wawuthumela imifanekiso yombhalo nge-imeyile. Le nto yayingaphambi kwexesha lemifanekiso eyi-Intanethi, kwaye umfanekiso wesicatshulwa ozaliswe ngeempawu ze-ASCII (okt umbhalo ofana ne 'X' kunye ne 'O') wasetyenziselwa ukudala umfanekiso. Imifanekiso ethandwayo kakhulu ejikelezayo yayiyifoto enkulu yogaxekile, ngokungathandabuzeki ibhekiselele kwi-famous Monty Python skit. Lo mfanekiso, kunye nabafundi ngokuphinda baphinda igama elithi 'SPAM' kwiindlela zokuxoxa, baqinise igama kwizichazi-magama zethu njengalowo nawuphi na umbhalo ongenakufunwa okanye umfanekiso othunyelwe nge-imeyile okanye ithunyelwe kwiibhodi zomyalezo.
Umlando we-intanethi - Ukuthobeka kwayo
Nangona inkolelo-mfundiso eyaziwayo, i-intanethi ye-intanethi ayifuni ne-Al Gore ikhoboka kude kwi-workshop. I-intanethi yayiyi-intanethi yokunxibelelana kwikhompyutha eyaqala ngasekupheleni kweminyaka engama-50, yatshintshisa inguqu ngo-1969 xa i-ARPANET (i-Advanced Research Projects Agency Network) ixhumene ne-UCLA kwi-Striford Research Increase Research Centre, kwaye yaba ngumsebenzi ngo-1983 xa yonke imikhosi ibambelela I-ARPANET yatshintshela kwi-TCP / IP.
Ngoko, imbali ye-intanethi iqala kuphi? Ingumzekelo wembono kwaye ixhomeke kakhulu kwizinto umntu acinga ukuba zenze impembelelo ebalulekileyo. Ngokomntu, ndiza kubiza ngo-1969 isiqalo sazo sokuthobeka kunye no-1983 ekuqaleni kwayo. I-Intanethi isekelwe kumgaqo-nkqubo oqhelekileyo weekhomputer ukutshintshisisa ulwazi, kwaye loo migaqo-nkqubo eyimfuneko yasungulwa ngowe-1983.
Umlando we-intanethi - iTale of Two Networks
I-Intanethi yavela kwizinto ezingaphezulu kwezikolweni kunye namaziko karhulumente adibanisa iikhomputha zawo kunye kunye neprotocol ebizwa ngokuba yiTCP / IP . Kwakukho enye inethiwekhi ekhulayo kwiminyaka yee-1980 eyadlala indima: inkqubo yebhodi ebhengezwayo.
IiNkqubo zeBhodi zeBulgin (i-BBSs) zaba zithandwa-ubuncinci phakathi kwee-teeks teeknoloji-phakathi kwama-80s xa iimodem zithengwa ngexabiso elaneleyo ukuba umntu oqhelekileyo awanike. Ezi zi-BBS zakuqala zaqhutywa kwiimodem ze-baud ezingama-300 ezazingciphekiyo ungazibona ngokubonakalayo umqulu wesicatshulwa ukusuka kwesobunxele ukuya kwesokudla njengaye umntu uthayipha. (Enyanisweni, yayicotha ngakumbi kunobumba abathile.)
Njengoko iimodem ziba zikhawuleza, i-Bulletin Board Systems yaba yinkonzo ebonakalayo kunye nezoshishino ezifana neCompuServe neMelika Online yaqala ukuvela. Kodwa ezininzi ze-BBS zaqhutywa ngabantu ngabanye kwiikhompyutyhi kwaye zikhululekile ukusebenzisa. Ekupheleni kweminyaka yama-80, xa iimodem ziba zikhawuleza ngokwaneleyo ukuze zixhase, ezi zi-BBS zaqala ukudala inethiwekhi yabo encinci ngokubiza kunye nokutshintshisana imiyalezo.
Ezi ziqonga zikawonke-wonke zazingekho ezahlukeneyo kunamaqonga apha kwi-About.com. Baye bavumela abantu emhlabeni wonke ukuba bafake izikhundla kunye nolwazi lokutshintshiselana. Ngokuqinisekileyo, iibhodi ezimbalwa kakhulu zemiyalezo ezithe zavela kwihlabathi ukususela ngokubiza elinye ilizwe ukuba litshintshe imiyalezo lalibiza kakhulu kubantu abaninzi.
Ekuqaleni kweminyaka engama-90, ezininzi ze-BBS zaqala ukudibanisa nge-Intanethi ukuxhasa i-imeyili. Njengoko i-Intanethi yakhula ekuthandeni, ezi zi-BBS ezizimeleyo zaqala ukutshabalalisa, ngelixa i-BBSs zorhwebo ezifana ne-America Online idibene ne-intanethi. Kodwa, ngeendlela ezininzi, umoya we-BBS uqhubeka ngendlela yeebhodi ezixhamlayo zomyalezo kwi-Intanethi.
I-Intanethi ihamba ngokubanzi
Imbali yokuqala ye-Intanethi yayilawulwa ngamaziko karhulumente nakwihlabathi lezemfundo. Ngowe-1994, i-Intanethi yahamba yoluntu. Isikhangeli seMoses sasikhutshwe kunyaka owedlule, kwaye umdla woluntu wawuphendukela kwinto eyayisakuba yimihlaba yezifundo zobugcisa kunye neeteknoloji. Amaphepha eWeb aqala ukunyuka, kwaye abantu bendawo yonke baqala ukuqonda ubuninzi beendlela ezinxibelelwano ezixhunyiwe kwihlabathi.
Ezi zizaziso zangaphambili zifana nedokhumenti yegama elibandakanyekayo kunanoma yintoni enye, kodwa idibaniswa nokuthandwa kwe-imeyile, iziteshi zokuxoxa ze-intanethi kunye neebhodi ze-BBS-centric messages, zaba yindlela enkulu yokuba abantu bahlale bexhomekeke kubangani kunye nosapho kunye nezoshishino ukuze bafikelele abaphulaphuli ababanzi.
Ukuqhuma kwewebhu kukulethe imfazwe yesibhrawuza njengeNetscape kunye ne- Intanethi Explorer yayikhupha ukuba ibe ngumgangatho oqhelekileyo kwiidiski zabantu. Kwaye, ngeendlela ezininzi, imfazwe yombhrawuza iyaqhubeka neNetscape iya kwizithunzi kunye ne-Mozilla's Firefox ekhulayo njengokhuphiswano kwi-Microsoft.
Iiwebhusayithi zakuqala zindlela enkulu yokutshintshisisa ulwazi, kodwa i-HTML (uLwimi loLwimi lwe-Hypertext) lugqithise kakhulu kwizinto ezingakwenza. Kusondele ngakumbi kwiproseshini yegama kuneendawo zokuphuhliswa kwesicelo, ngoko kuvela ubuchwepheshe obutsha obuya kunceda amashishini enze okungakumbi nge-Intanethi. Olu buchwephesha lubandakanya iilwimi eziseceleni kwiseva efana ne-ASP kunye ne-PHP kunye nezobuchwepheshe bezobuchwepheshe njengeJava, iJavaScript kunye ne-ActiveX.
Kwakungenxa yokudibanisa kwezobuchwepheshe ukuba amashishini anganqoba ukulinganiselwa kwe-HTML kwaye adale izicelo zewebhu . Isicelo esilula ukuba abantu abaninzi baye bawela ngaphaya kwinqwelo yokuthenga, esivumela ukuba silungise izinto zethu kwiwebhu kunokuba siqhubekele esitolo. Kwaye abantu abaninzi baye bajika kwi-intanethi ukuba bahlawule irhafu kunokuba bazalise zonke iifom zefestile.
Kukhuselekile ukutsho ukuba ihlabathi lezo shishino liloyiko lobutyebi obungenakubalwa obubonelelwe nge-intanethi kwaye esoyiko ludluliselwa ngokukhawuleza kubatyalomali. Iinkampani ze-intanethi (ezibizwa ngokuba yiDot-Coms) zaqala ukunyuka ngasekhohlo kwaye zichanekileyo ngelixa iinkampani ezinjenge-Amazon.com zixabisa ngaphezu kohlobo lwazo lwezithethe ezifana neSears neRobuck nangona bebengakaze bathumele inzuzo.
Ukuwa kwe-Intanethi
I-intanethi kunye ne-'blue-com bubble 'yanika uqoqosho olubalekeleyo olwenzela ixabiso lentengo kwiinkampani ezingenazo iinzuzo zokuzixhasa. I-Dot-com startups yaba li-daime elilishumi elinanye, elo lonke liza nesithembiso sokungena kwi-pie ye-intanethi.
Ekugqibeleni, umntu wayeza kuzisa i-intanethi kwizinto eziyinyani, kwaye oko kwenzeka ngo-2000 xa iteknoloji-indexes ephezulu ye-NASDAQ yayingaphezu kwama-5,000. Kwaye, njengobuhlobo obuninzi, iimfazwe ezincinci phakathi kwe-intanethi kunye neyinyaniso zaba yimpikiswano enkulu, ngo-2001, babenokungavumelani okukhulu kwaye ngo-2002 babezimisele ukuyibiza.
Web 2.0
Xa abantu bebuyela enyanisweni, i-intanethi njengotyalo-mali oluqinileyo lwavela kwakhona ngo-2003 kwaye luye lwakhula ngokukhawuleza. Uxhotyiswe ngeteknoloji efana neJava, i-Flash, i-PHP, i-ASP, iCGI, i-.NET, njl njl., Indlela entsha yokunxibelelana kwintlalo yaqala ukuphakama ekuthandeni.
Iintanethi zentlalo akukho nto entsha. Baye bahlala ixesha elide ngaphambi kwe-Intanethi baze bahlawule ngokusa kwintshona yoluntu. Ukuba uke waba kwiqela labahlobo okanye 'iqhosha', uye wahlala kwinethiwekhi yentlalo.
Iimidlalo ze-Intanethi ziye zisebenzelana neminyaka kunye 'neelungu' kunye 'nolwahlu lwabahlobo' ukunceda ukuxhuma abadlali kwabanye abadlali. I-intanethi ye-Intanethi ye-Intanethi isukela kwiminyaka-ntandathu ukuya kwiiwebhusayithi ezifana ne-classmates.com. Kodwa beza phambili kwiwebhu ngo-2005 xa i-Myspace yavuka ekuthandeni.
I-Social Bookmarking, i-Social Networking, kunye nobuchwepheshe be-emergence bazinikele kwi- 'Web 2.0 '. Namhlanje, iWeb 2.0 iyinxalenye yokuthengisa kwaye ingasetyenziselwa ukuchaza nantoni na evela 'ekusebenziseni' kwe-intanethi ephuma ngokuthandwa kweeblogi kunye ne-RSS feeds ekusebenziseni ubuchwepheshe kunye neendlela ezifana ne-Social Networking kunye ne-AJAX ukuhlanganisa amava omsebenzisi omtsha.
Ukuba sasiya kuba bugcisa, iwebhu yanamhlanje icaciswe ngokuchanekileyo njenge-'Webhu 3.0 'okanye' IWebhu 4.0 ', kodwa idibanisa inombolo yenguqu yokuveliswa kwinto enoba yiyona nto ibhishina elifanelekileyo.
Into esinokuyithetha kukuba iwebhu iyaqhubeka njengoko abantu abaninzi basebenzisa i-Intanethi ukuxhuma kunye nabahlobo kunye nosapho, ukuhlangabezana nabantu abatsha, ukwabelana ngolwazi kunye nokwenza ibhizinisi.
Ukuba bekufuneka ndichaze kakuhle into ebizwa ngokuba yiWeb 2.0, ndiza kuthi njengoluntu esasisebenzisa i-Intanethi njengesithuluzi, kwaye ngoku njengentlanga, sidibanisa ne-intanethi. Kuya kuba yinxalenye yethu kunye nenxalenye yendlela esiphila kuyo endaweni yento esisebenzisa ngayo njengesixhobo.