Protocol Control Control (TCP) kunye ne- User Datagram Protocol (UDP) zizo zombini iindlela zokuthutha eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziswa nge- intanethi protocol (IP) .
Iintlobo zombini ze-TDP kunye ne-UDP njengenxalenye yesaziso somyalezo wokupakisha ukudluliselwa kwiinkcukacha zomnatha. Iintloko ze-TCP kunye ne-UDP zihloko ziqukethe isethi yamaparitha ebizwa ngamacandelo achazwe ngcaciso yezobuchwepheshe.
Ifomati yeNtloko yeTCP
Inhloko nganye ye-TCP inezihlandlo ezilishumi ezifunekayo zizonke ezingama-20 bytes (160 bits ) ngobukhulu. Bangakwazi kwakhona ukufaka icandelo lwedatha elongezelelweyo ukuya kwi-40 bytes ngobukhulu.
Olu luhlobo lwee-header TCP:
- Inombolo yomthombo we-TCP (2 bytes)
- Inombolo yefowuni yeTCP ye-Destination (2 bytes)
- Ukulandelelana kwenombolo (4 bytes)
- Ukwazisa inombolo (4 bytes)
- Idatha ye-TCP (4 bits)
- Idatha egcinwe (3 bits)
- Ukulawula iiflegi (ukuya kuma-9 bits)
- Usayizi weskrini (2 bytes)
- I-TCP checksum (2 bytes)
- I-pointer engxamisekileyo (2 bytes)
- Idatha yokuzikhethela ye-TCP (0-40 bytes)
I-TCP ifaka amasimu e-header kwisigidimi somyalezo kwindlela echazwe ngasentla.
- Imvelaphi kunye neendawo zokuhamba zeenombolo ze- TCP zii-endpoints zokuxhumana zokuthumela nokufumana izixhobo.
- Abathumeli bemilayezo basebenzisa iinombolo ezilandelelanayo ukuphawula ukulayishwa kweqela lemiyalezo. Bobabini abathumeli kunye nabamkeliyo basebenzisa inamba yenkalo yokuvuma ukuthetha ngokulandelelana kwenani lemiyalezo enokufunyanwa ngokutsha okanye ilindeleke ukuba ithunyelwe.
- Insimu ye-offset yedatha igcina ubungakanani bebhloko be-TCP ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwee-ezine. Inhloko engayisebenzisiyo insimu ye-TCP eneenkcukacha ezikhethiweyo ine-data offset ye-5 (emele i-byte ezingama-20), ngelixa inhloko esebenzisa insimu ephezulu yokuzikhethela ine-offset yedatha ye-15 (emele ama-byte angama-60).
- Idatha egcinwe kwiintloko ze-TCP ihlala inexabiso lezero. Le ntsimi isebenza ngenjongo yokulungelelanisa ubungakanani beentloko njenge-multipletes ezine (ezibalulekileyo ekusebenziseni ukucwangciswa kwedatha yekhompyutha).
- I-TCP isebenzisa isetyenti sesithandathu esisezantsi kunye neefowuni zolawulo ezintathu ezongeziweyo (ngamnye umntu omelela okanye ovaliweyo ) ukulawula ukuhamba kwedatha kwiimeko ezithile. Enye ibhentshi enye, umzekelo, iqalisa i-log yoqwalaselo lwe-TCP. Ukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwezi nkalo kuya ngaphaya kwelo candelo.
- Abathumeli be-TCP basebenzisa inamba ebizwa ngokuba yayizibuko befestile ukulawula ubuninzi beedatha abayithumele kummkeli ngaphambi kokufuna ukuvuma ngokubuyisela. Ukuba ubukhulu befestile buba luncinci, ukudluliselwa kwedatha kuzakukhutshwa ngokungadingekile, ngelixa ubukhulu befestile buba lukhulu kakhulu, umnxibelelwano wenethwekhi unokuzaliseka (awunakunceda nakwezinye izicelo) okanye lowo owamkelayo akanakho ukucwangcisa idatha engenayo ngokukhawuleza ngokwaneleyo (kwaye kubangelwa ukusebenza okucothayo). I-algorithm yeefowuni ezakhiweyo kwiprothothi zibala ngokulinganisela ubungakanani bezesayizi kwaye zisebenzise le ntsimi ze-TCP zihloko ukuze ziququzelele utshintsho phakathi kwabathumeli nabamkeli.
- I- checksum ixabiso ngaphakathi kwintloko ye-TCP iveliswa ngumthumeli weprotocol njengendlela yokubhala imathematika ukunceda ummkeli afumane imilayezo eyonakalisiwe okanye ichithwe.
- I-field pointer engxamisekileyo ihlala isetyenziselwa kwaye inganyanzelwanga, kodwa ngokubambisana nenye yeeflegi zokulawula, ingasetyenziselwa ukudluliselwa kwedatha ukumisela i-subset yomyalezo njengento edinga ukuphambili kwenkqubo.
- Ukusetyenziswa kweedatha ze-TCP ezikhethileyo kudlula ngaphaya kweli nqaku kodwa kufaka inkxaso ngenkxaso ekhethekileyo kunye nefestile ekutshintsheni izilungiso.
Ifomati yeNtloko yeDP
Ngenxa yokuba i-UDP ikhululeke kakhulu kwi-TCP, iintloko zayo zincinci. Inhloko ye-UDP iqulethe ii-bytes eziyi-8, yahlula kwiindawo ezine ezilandelayo ezifunekayo:
- Inombolo yesipoti yomthombo (2 bytes)
- Inombolo yesango lokufika (2 bytes)
- Ubude beenkcukacha (2 bytes)
- UDP checksum (2 bytes)
I-UDP ifaka amasimu e-header kwisigidimi sayo somyalezo ngendlela echazwe ngasentla.
- Umthombo kunye neendawo zokuhamba ze-UDP iinombolo zezixhobo zokugqibela zokuxhumana zokuthumela nokufumana izixhobo.
- Insimu yobude kwi-UDP ibonisa ubungakanani beefayile nganye kubandakanya zombini intloko kunye nedatha. Le ndawo ifumaneka kwixabiso elingaphantsi kwama-bytes angama-8 (ubukhulu bentloko efunekayo) ukuya kobukhulu obungaphezulu kwama-65,000 byte.
- Ngokufanayo ne-TCP, i- checksum ye- UDP ivumela abafumana umgca ukuba baqaphele i-data engenayo nayiphi na into ebonakalisiweyo yomyalezo.