Inkcazo yeeNtlobo ezahlukeneyo zeeTtage
Xa kudingeke ukuba kubekho umbane othembekileyo, onokuthenjelwa, ulawulo lwee-voltage yi-go-to component. Zithatha umbane wegalelo kwaye zenza umbane olawulwayo olawulwayo ngaphandle kwanombane wokufakelwa kwinqanaba elitshintshileyo lombane okanye kwizinga lombane oguqukayo (ngokukhetha izakhelo zangaphandle zangaphandle).
Ukulawulwa ngokuzenzekelayo komgangatho wamandla okuphuma kumbane kulawulwa ngamacandelo e-feedback, ezinye zilula njengeZener diode ngelixa ezinye ziquka iingongoma zengxelo ezintle ezikwazi ukuphucula ukusebenza, ukuthembeka, ukusebenza kakuhle, kwaye zongeza ezinye iimpawu ezifana nokukhulisa umbane ongaphezulu kwimizi yokufaka umlawuli womoya.
Iintlobo zeeVoltage Regulators
Kukho inani leendlela zokulawula umbane ezivela kwixabiso elinokuthi lifikeleleke kakhulu. Eyona nto ifikelelekayo kwaye idla ngokulula indlela yokulawula i-voltage yokusebenzisa i-linear voltage regulators.
Abalawuli abathintekayo bafika kwiintlobo ezimbalwa, zihambelana kakhulu, kwaye zisetyenziselwa rhoqo kumandla aphantsi, iinkqubo zamandla aphantsi.
Ukuguqulwa kwamagunya kunempumelelo kakhulu kunezixhobo zokulawula umbane, kodwa kunzima ukusebenza kunye nokubiza kakhulu.
Abalawuli abaMgca
Enye yezindlela ezisisiseko zokulawula umbane kwaye unikeze umbane ozinzileyo kwi-electronics ukusebenzisa umlawuli olawula umbane we-3-pin efana ne-LM7805, obonelela nge-volt 5 ampt amp amp output by voltage up to 36 volts ( kuxhomekeke kumzekelo).
Abalawuli abanobuchule basebenze ngokulungisa ukuxhatshazwa kochungechunge olusebenzayo lwesigqeba esisekelwe kumbane wempendulo, ngokugqithiseleyo kuba yisekethe yokuhlukanisa umbane. Oku kuvumela umbane wokulawula ukuba ube ngumbane osebenzayo rhoqo ngaphandle kokuba umthwalo wamanje ubeke phezu kwawo, ukufikelela kumandla okwangoku.
Enye yezinto ezincinci zokulawulwa kwamandla okulawula umbane yilapho ixabiso elincinci lilahla ngaphaya komlawuli wee-voltage, eyi-2.0 volts kwi-LM7805 yokulawula umbane wombane. Oku kuthetha ukuba ukufumana isiseko esiyi-5 se-volts, ubuncinane i-7 volts input. Ukulahla kwamandla okubamba indima enkulu kumandla okwehliswa ngumlawuli ongezantsi, okuza kutshabalalisa ubuncinane ama-2 watts xa bekukhupha i-1 amp load (2 volt voltage times 1 amp amp).
Ukutshatyalaliswa kwamandla kuya kuba nzima ngakumbi umahluko phakathi kwempembelelo nefuthe. Ngokomzekelo, ngelixa umthombo we-7 volt olawulwayo ukuya ku-5 volts ehambisa i-amp amp iza kuchitha i-watts ezi-2 ngokusebenzisa umlawuli ongezantsi, umthombo we-10 volt olawulwayo ukuya kwi-volts ezi-5 ukuhambisa okufanayo kuya kutshabalalisa ama-watts amahlanu, okwenza umlawuli ube ngu-50% .
Ukuguqula abalawuli
Izilawuli eziqhelekileyo zizisombululo eziphezulu zamandla aphantsi, izicelo eziphantsi kweendleko apho ukuhlukana kwamandla phakathi kwegalelo kunye nemveliso kuphantsi kwaye akukho mandla amaninzi afunekayo. Icandelo elona lincinci kumacandelo alawulayo kukuba awanamandla kakhulu, apho ukutshintsha abalawuli beza kudlala.
Xa kusetyenziswe ukufaneleka okuphezulu okanye uluhlu olubanzi lwefuthe lokulindela kulindeleke, kubandakanywa neziphumo eziphantsi kweemfuno zombane ezifunwayo, umlawuli wokutshintsha uyona nto ingcono. Ukutshintsha i-voltage regulators kunamandla okwenza u-85% okanye ulunge ngakumbi xa kuthelekiswa nokusebenza kwamandla okulawulwa kombane okuqhelekileyo angaphantsi kwama-50%.
Ukuguqulwa kwamagunya ngokubanzi kufuna amaqumrhu angaphezulu kwi-regulators, kwaye ixabiso lamacandelo linempembelelo enkulu ekusebenzeni ngokubanzi kokutshintsha abalawuli kunezolawulo ezifanelekileyo.
Kukho imingeni emininzi yokwakha ekusebenziseni ngokufanelekileyo ukulawula abalawuli ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukusebenza okanye ukuziphatha kwayo yonke isiphaluka ngenxa yengxolo yekhompyutha eyenziwa ngumlawuli.
Zener Diodes
Enye yeendlela ezilula ukulawula umbane kunye ne-diode ye-Zener. Nangona ulawulo olufanelekileyo luyinxalenye ebalulekileyo kunye nezinto ezincinci ezongezelelweyo ezifunekayo ukuze zisebenze kwaye zincinci kakhulu eziyinkimbinkimbi, i-diener ye-diener inokubonelela ngokwaneleyo umgaqo-mpahla kwiimeko ezithile kunye neqela elilodwa.
Ekubeni i- Zener diode igxotha yonke i-voltage eyongezelelweyo ngaphezu kwe-voltage yayo yokuphuka kombane, ingasetyenziselwa njengomlawuli olula womoya kunye nombane ophuma kuwo wonke umkhombe we-diener diode.
Ngelishwa, iZeners zihlala zikhawulelana ngamandla abo okusingatha amandla anokumisela apho zingasetyenziswa njengabalawuli bee-voltage kwizicelo zamandla aphantsi kakhulu kuphela. Xa usebenzisa iididididi ze-Zener ngale ndlela, kukulungele ukukhawulela amandla atholakalayo angadlulela kwi-Zener ngokukhetha ngokufanelekileyo ukuchasana ngokulinganayo.