I-Web Complex Telecommunications
Iinqununu zamanethiwekhi ziye zaba ngumqolo wechungechunge lwezonxibelelwano kwiminyaka yamuva nje, kunye nokwamkelwa kweefowuni, iipilisi kunye nezinye izixhobo eziphathekayo. Ubuchwephesha obangela ukuba amanethwekhi aqhubekele ukuguquka nokuqhubeka kunye nezixhobo zokusebenza abasebenzisa ukuxhuma nabo.
IWebhu yeeSeli ezixhunyiwe
Iinqununu zamanethiwekhi ziyaziwa njengamaxhunyela eselula. Zenziwe "iiseli" ezidibeneyo kunye nokutshintshana kwefoni okanye ukutshintshana. Ezi iiseli ziindawo zomhlaba eziqhelekileyo ezine-hexagonal, ubuncinane kunye ne-transceiver enye, kwaye usebenzisa ii-frequencies ezahlukeneyo. Ezi i-transceivers ziinkalo zeseli eziye zaziwa ngokubanzi kwihlabathi lethu elixhunyiwe ngekhompyutha. Badibanisa omnye nomnye ukukhupha iipakethi zedatha-idatha, ilizwi, kunye neetekisi-ekugqibeleni zizisa ezo zimpawu kwiiselula eziphathekayo ezifana neefowuni kunye namacwecwe asebenza njengamkeli. Ababoneleli basebenzisa iibhokhwe zabanye kwimimandla emininzi, ukudala iwebhu eyinkimbinkimbi enika ubhengezo obubanzi kunabo bonke kubanini ababhalisile.
Frequencies
Ubume bee-intanethi eziphathekayo zingasetyenziswa ngabaxhasi abaninzi bee-intanethi ngexesha elifanayo. Izakhiwo zeenqwelaniso zamaseli kunye nezixhobo eziphathekayo zixhaphaza ii-frequencies ukwenzela ukuba zisebenzise abathumeli bamandla abancinci ukubonelela iinkonzo zabo ngokungaphazamiseki okungenani.
Abaxhasi beeNethiwekhi zeeNethiwekhi eziLawuli
Ababoneleli ngeenkonzo zamasela e-US baninzi, ukusuka kwiinkampani ezincinci, zengingqi ukuya kumaqela amakhulu, awaziwayo kwintsimi yocingo. Ezi ziquka iVerizon Wireless, AT & T, T-Mobile, US Cellular, kunye ne-Sprint.
Iintlobo zeeNethwekhi zeNethwekhi
Iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zobuchwephesha obuphathekayo zisetyenziselwa ukubonelela ngeenkonzo zonxibelelwano zomnatha kubasebenzisi Abanikezeli benkonzo enkulu bahluka malunga nokuba basebenzisa ntoni, ngoko ke amadivayisi eselula awakhiwe ngokufanelekileyo ukusebenzisa iteknoloji ye-carrier. Iifowuni ze-GSM azisebenzi kwiinqununu ze-CDMA, kwaye ngokuthe ngqo.
Iinkqubo zomsakazo ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo yi-GSM (iNkqubo yeSizwe yoNxibelelwano lweTeletho) kunye neCDMA Ukususela ngoSeptemba 2017, i-Verizon, Sprint, kunye ne-US ukusebenzisa i-CDMA. I-AT & T, i-T-Mobile, kunye nabanye abaninzi ababoneleli ngehlabathi basebenzise i-GSM, okwenza kube yiyona ndlela ixhaphake kakhulu iteknoloji yeselula yomnatha. I-LTE (i-Long-Term Evolution) isekelwe kwi-GSM kwaye inika amandla amanethiwekhi amaninzi kunye nesivinini.
Yiyiphi Eyilungileyo: ii-GSM okanye i-CDMA Mobile Networks?
Ukwamkelwa komqondiso, ukubiza umnqweno, kunye nejubane kuxhomekeke kwiimeko ezininzi. Indawo yomsebenzisi, umniki-nkonzo, kunye nezixhobo zonke zidlala indima. I-GSM ne-CDMA azifani kakhulu kumgangatho, kodwa indlela abasebenza ngayo.
Ukusuka kumbono wabathengi, i-GSM iyona elula kakhulu kuba ifowuni ye-GSM ithwala yonke idatha yomthengi kwikharityhulam yeSIM ekhutshweyo; ukutshintsha ii-fowuni, umthengi uyayitshintsha i-SIM khadi kwifowuni entsha ye-GSM, kwaye idibanisa kumnatha we-GSM wenethiwekhi. Inethiwekhi ye-GSM kufuneka yamkele nayiphi na ifowuni ehambelanayo ne-GSM, ibashiye abathengi inkululeko enkulu ngaphezu kokukhetha kwabo kwizixhobo.
I-CDMA zefowuni, ngakolunye uhlangothi, azange zenzeke kalula. Abathwali bachonga abhalisi ngokusekelwe "kubagcini bamhlophe," kungekhona amakhadi e-SIM, kunye neefowuni ezivunyiweyo kuphela ezivunyelwe kwiinkonzo zabo. Ezinye iifowuni ze-CDMA zinama-SIM amakhadi, kodwa ezi njongo ngenjongo yokuxhuma kwiinqununu ze-LTE okanye ukulungelelaniswa xa ifowuni isetyenziswe ngaphandle kwe-GSM yase-US ayifumaneka phakathi nee-1990 xa ezinye iinqununu zatshintsha ukusuka kwi-analog ukuya kwidijithali, ngoko bavalela kwi-CDMA-ngelo xesha, iteknoloji ye-intanethi yeselula.