Kwaye Kutheni Kuyinto Enkulu?
'Idatha enkulu' yisayensi entsha yokuqonda nokuqikelela ukuziphatha komntu ngokufunda iindidi ezininzi zeenkcukacha ezingenakulungiswa. Idatha enkulu iyaziwa nangokuthi 'i-analytical predictive'.
Ukuhlalutya izithuba ze-Twitter, ukutya kwe-Facebook, ukusesha kwe-eBay, ukulandelela i-GPS kunye nemishini ye-ATM yimizekelo emikhulu yedatha. Ukufunda iikhompyutheni zokhuseleko, idatha yezithuthi, iipateni zemozulu, ukufika kweenqwelo zeefowuni, iifowuni zeenqaba zeefowuni, kunye neentambo zentliziyo yeefrekhi zenye iifom Idatha enkulu iyisayensi entsha esonayo eguquka ngeveki, kwaye iingcali ezimbalwa kuphela ziyiqonda yonke into.
Ziziphi ezinye zeMpawu zoLwazi oluPhezulu ngoBomi boBomi?
Ngelixa iiprojekthi ezinkulu zeedatha zifihlakele kakhulu, kukho imimandla ephumelelayo yedatha ebalulekileyo echaphazela ubomi bemihla ngemihla yabantu, iinkampani kunye noorhulumente:
Ukuqhambuka kwezifo zentsholongwane: ngokufunda idatha yoluntu-yezopolitiko, imozulu kunye nedatha yemozulu, kunye nedatha yesibhedlele / i-kliniki, ezi zenzululwazi ngoku zichaza ukugqashuka komkhuhlane we-dengue kunye neveki ezi-4 kwangaphambili.
Ukubukela Ukuzibulala: le projekti enkulu yeprojekthi yamaxhoba okubulala, abatshutshisi, kunye nezigebengu eWashington, DC. Bobabini njengendlela yokuhlonela oshonile kunye nolwazi olumkelekileyo kubantu, le projekthi yedatha enkulu inomdla.
Ucwangciso lohambo lokuThutha, i-NYC: Inkqubo yomsakazo weWNYC uSteve Melendez idibanise ishedyuli yesitratyala esisekhompyutheni kunye neprogram yokuhamba ngomsebenzi. Indalo yakhe ivumela abantu baseNew York ukuba bachonge indawo yabo kwimephu, kwaye ukubikezelwa kwexesha lokuhamba kweetreni kunye nomgwaqo ongaphantsi komhlaba kuya kuvela.
I-Xerox inciphise ukulahlekelwa kwabasebenzi: umsebenzi wesikhungo sofowuni ukhululeka ngokomoya. U-Xerox ufunde iidrafti zeenkcukacha ngoncedo lwabahlalutyi beengcali, kwaye ngoku banokuqikelela ukuba yeyiphi indawo yokuqeshwa kweendawo zokunxibelelana ezikhoyo ukuba zihlale kunye nenkampani ede kakhulu.
Ukuxhasa ukuphikisana nobutshaba: ngokufunda iindaba zentlalo, iirekhodi zezemali, ukugcinwa kwendiza, kunye nokugcinwa kwedatha, ukuthotyelwa komthetho kunokukwazi ukuqikelela nokufumana ukuba ugqirha uyakrokra ngaphambi kokuba benze izenzo zabo ezimbi.
Ukulungisa ukuthengiswa kweentengiso ngokusekelwe kwiingxelo zoononophelo loluntu : abantu ngokukhawuleza kwaye ngokukhawuleza babelane ngeengcamango zabo kwi-intanethi kwi-pub, kwindawo yokudlela, okanye kwiqela lezempilo. Kunokwenzeka ukuba ufunde ezi zigidi zezithuba zeendaba zentlalo kwaye unikele ngempendulo kwinkampani malunga noko abantu bacinga ngeenkonzo zabo.
Ubani Osebenzisa Ulwazi Olukhulu? Yintoni Abenza Ngayo?
Uninzi lweenkampani ze-monolithic zisebenzisa idatha enkulu ukulungiswa kweminikelo yabo kunye namanani ukwenzela ukwandisa ukwaneliseka kwabaxhasi.
- Isitolo seSebe likaMacy , umzekelo, isebenzisa idatha enkulu ukulungisa amaxabiso abo kwi-fly for more than 70 million. Baye bathumele ii-imeyile ezizenzekelayo kumakhasimende abo ngokusekelwe kulokho uMacy akholelwa ukuba abanomdla kuzo.
- Impendulo yamapolisa kwiBomston Marathon ibhomu : ngokusebenzisa idatha enkulu yokufunda iifrikhi kunye nemifanekiso yokujonga, amapolisa akwazi ukukhawuleza ukunciphisa ukukhangela kwabo abasolwandle.
- I-Morton's Steakhouse isebenzisa i-Twitter ukuze ikhuphe izitampu zokuthengisa, kuquka ukuhanjiswa kweenqwelo-moya ezidumile zaseNew Jersey ze-porterhouse steak kunye ne-shrimp dinner.
- I-Visa isebenzisa idatha enkulu ukuze ichonge kwaye ibambe ubuqhetseba. Ukuthengwa okunye kunye apha kunokufihla lula umsebenzisi wekhadi lokuthenga ngetyala, kodwa ngokubukela izigidi zokuthengiselana ngokucokisekileyo, iipatheni zobuqhetseba ziyafumaneka.
- I-Facebook isebenzisa idatha enkulu ukulungiselela ukukhangisa . Ngokufunda ngokucophelela iminqweno ye-FB kunye nemikhwa yokukhangela, i-giant media giant inokuqonda ngokucacileyo kwiminqweno yakho. Ezi zibhengezo zebarbar ozibonayo kwi-feed yakho ye-Facebook zikhethwe ngamalungiselelo enziwe ngokuzikhethela kwaye ezinzima ezibukele imikhwa yakho ye-Facebook.
Kutheni i-Idata ebanzi injalo njengeqhinga elikhulu?
Izinto ezi-4 zenza idatha enkulu ibalulekileyo:
1. Idatha ibanzi. Akuyi kufakwa kwi -hard drive eyodwa , ngaphantsi kwe- stick stick . Umthamo wolwazi ude ngaphezu kwezinto engqondweni yengqondo yabantu (cinga ngeegabytes ezigidigidi zeebhiliyoni, uze ukwandise loo mabhiliyoni ngaphezulu).
2. Idatha ihlazo kwaye ayilungiswanga. 50% ukuya kwi-80% yomsebenzi omkhulu wedatha uguqula kwaye uhlambulule ulwazi ukuze uphendule kwaye luhleleke. Iingcali eziliwaka ezimbalwa kwiiplanethi yethu ziyazi kakuhle ukuba zenze njani ukucoceka kwedatha. Ezi ngcali nazo zifuna izixhobo ezikhethekileyo, njengeHPE kunye neHadoop, ukwenza umsebenzi wabo. Mhlawumbi kwiminyaka eyi-10, iingcali ezinkulu zedata ziya kuba li-daime ezili-12, kodwa ngoku, ziyizona zityalo ezingaqabile kakhulu zomhlalutyi kwaye umsebenzi wabo usabonakali kwaye unzima.
3. Idatha sele ibe yintengo ** engathengiswa kwaye ithengwe. Iimarike zeenkcukacha zikhoyo apho iinkampani kunye nabantu ngabanye bangathengisa i-terabytes yeendaba zoluntu kunye nolunye ulwazi. Uninzi lweedatha lusekelwe kwifu, njengoko likhulu kakhulu ukuba lilungele naliphi na idiski ekhuni. Ukuthenga idatha ngokuqhelekileyo kubandakanya umrhumo wokubhaliselwa apho ungena kwifama yesiphakeli sefu.
** Iinqununu zezixhobo ezinkulu zeenkcukacha kunye neengcamango ziyi-Amazon, i-Google, i-Facebook kunye ne-Yahoo. Ngenxa yokuba ezi nkampani zikhonza izigidi ezininzi zabantu ngeenkonzo zabo ze-intanethi, kuyaqondakala ukuba babeza kuba yindawo yokuqokelela kunye nababonisi emva kokuhlaziywa kwedatha enkulu.
4. Ubuninzi beenkcukacha ezinkulu azipheli. Mhlawumbi oogqirha baya kuthi ngelinye ilanga baqikelele ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo kunye nemivimbo yeeveki ngaphambi kokuba kwenzeke. Inqwelo yendiza kunye nokuphazamiseka kwemoto kunokuncitshiswa ngokuhlaziywa kwangaphambili kwedatha yabo kunye neendlela zendlela zemozulu nezendlela zemozulu. Ukuthandana kwe-intanethi kungahle kuphuculwe ngokuba neenkcukacha eziphambili zedatha zokuba ngubani umntu ohambelana nawe. Abaculi bangakwazi ukuqonda ukuba yintoni ummiselo womculo okholisa kakhulu ekuthandeni izinto ezijoliswe kubaphulaphuli. Izondlo ziyakwazi ukuqikelela ukuba yeyiphi inxalenye yokutya okuthengwe ngetitolo okuza kuphucula okanye kukunceda izimo zonyango zomntu. Umhlaba ukhawulwe kuphela, kwaye ukufumanisa kwedatha enkulu kwenzeka rhoqo ngeveki.
Idatha ebanzi yi-Messy
Idatha ebanzi yi-analytical predictive: ukuguqulwa kwedatha engakhange yaveliswa kwinto ekhangela kwaye ihlelwe. Esi sikhala esiyingozi kunye nexakekayo esidinga uhlobo oluthile lolwazi nomonde.
Thatha umzekelo u-service monolithic UPS. Abacwangcisi kwi-UPS yokufunda idatha kwi-GPS yabo yabaqhubi kunye nama-smartphone ukuba bahlalutye iindlela ezona zichanekileyo zokuzivumelanisa nokungqinelana kwezithuthi. Le nkcukacha ye-GPS kunye ne-smartphone iyigrafo, kwaye ayilungele ngokuzenzekelayo ukuhlalutya. Olu datha lugxotha kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo ze-GPS kunye neemephu, ngeefowuni zee-hardware ezihlukeneyo ze-smartphone. Abahlalutyi be-UPS bachithe iinyanga ziguqula yonke loo datha kwifom engatshekishwa kwaye ihlelwe lula. Umzamo sele ufanelekile, nangona kunjalo. Namhlanje, i-UPS igcinwe ngaphezu kwezigidi ezili-8 zezigulane zamafutha ukususela xa ziqalise ukusebenzisa ezi zikhulu zedatha.
Ngenxa yokuba idatha enkulu ihlaziye kwaye idinga umzamo omkhulu wokucoca nokulungiselela ukusetyenziswa, izazinzulu zedatha ziye zabizwa ngegama elithi 'i-janitors data' yazo yonke imisebenzi enzima. A
Inzululwazi yedatha enkulu kunye nohlalutyo lwengqondo kuphucula nganye iveki, nangona kunjalo. Lindela idatha enkulu ukuba ifikeleleke kuwo wonke umntu ngo-2025.
Ingaba i-Big Data Ingozi Ezingabonakaliyo Kubungasese?
Ewe, ukuba imithetho yethu kunye nokukhuselana nokuzimela ngasese akulawulwa ngokucophelela, ngoko ke into ebalulekileyo yedatha ingena kubumfihlo. Njengoko limi, i- Google kunye ne-YouTube kunye ne-Facebook sele ilandele imichimo yakho ye-intanethi yansuku zonke . I-smartphone yakho kunye nobomi bekhompyutheni ushiya iintshukumo zedijithali nsuku zonke, kwaye iinkampani eziyinkimbinkimbi zifunda ezo zinyathelo.
Imithetho ejikeleze idatha enkulu iguqukayo. Ubumfihlo bubume bokuba kufuneka uthabathe uxanduva lwakho ngoku, njengoko ungeke ulindela njengelungelo elingagqibekanga.
Yintoni ongayenza ukukhusela ubumfihlo bakho:
Inyathelo elinye eliyinqanaba ongayithatha kukuba ugqibe iimveliso zakho zemihla ngemihla usebenzisa uxhumano lwenethiwekhi ye-VPN . Inkonzo ye-VPN iya kukhankanya isalathisi sakho ukwenzela ukuba ubunikazi bakho kunye nendawo yakho ingabonakali ngokukhawuleza kwi-trackers. Oku akuyi kukukwenza ukuba u-100% ungabonakali, kodwa i-VPN iya kunciphisa kakhulu indlela umhlaba ungayigcina ngayo imikhwa yakho ye-intanethi.
Ndingafunda phi ngakumbi ngeData enkulu?
Idatha enkulu into ebangel 'umdla kubantu abanengqondo yokuhlalutya kunye nothando lobugcisa. Ukuba nguwe, ngokuqinisekileyo u tyelele eli phepha leeprojekthi ezinkulu ezithandekayo.