Inombolo yeFowuni ye-intanethi
I-Intanethi kunye amaninzi amaninzi akwiNtanethi ye-intanethi (IP) amanethiwekhi athembela kwiNkqubo yegama leDesi (DNS) ukuncedisa ukuhamba kweendlela. I-DNS igcina i-database echongiweyo yamagama wenethwekhi kunye needesi, kwaye inikeza iindlela zeekhomputhaza ukuba zibuze ngokukhawuleza isiseko sedatha. Abanye abantu babiza iDNS "incwadi yefowuni ye-intanethi."
I-DNS kunye neWebhu Yehlabathi
Zonke iWebhu zeWebhusayithi ziqhutywe kwiiseva ezixhunyiwe kwi-intanethi ngee- IP zamakheli . Ngokomzekelo, iiseva zeWeb kwi-About.com, umzekelo, zineedilesi ezinjenge-207.241.148.80. Nangona abantu bangakwazi ukuthayipha ulwazi lweedilesi njenge-http: //207.241.148.80/ kwi-Web browser yabo ukutyelela iisayithi, bakwazi ukusebenzisa amagama afana ne-http: //www.about.com/ yinto engakumbi.
I-intanethi isebenzisa i-DNS njengenkonzo yenkonzo yokusombulula igama kwihlabathi kwiWebhsayithi. Xa umntu ebeka igama lewebhu kwisiphequluli sakhe, i-DNS ibheka idilesi ye-IP ehambelana naloo sayithi, idatha efunekayo ukwenza udibaniso olufunwayo lwenethiwekhi phakathi kweziphequluli zewebhu kunye neewebhu .
I-DNS Servers kunye negama lolawulo oluphezulu
I-DNS isebenzisa ukwakhiwa kwenethiwekhi yomsebenzisi / umncedisi . Amaseva e-DNS yiikhompyutheni ezikhethiweyo zokugcina iirekhodi zeDNS (amagama kunye neeadesi), ngelixa abathengi be-DNS baquka ii-PC, ii-fowuni kunye nezinye izixhobo zabasebenzisi bokugqibela. Amaseva e-DNS nawo asebenzisana nomnye nomnye, enza njengabaxumi omnye komnye xa kufuneka.
I-DNS iququzelela amaseva ayo kwi-hierarchy. Kwi-intanethi, okubizwa ngokuba yizimpande zamagama ahlala kwi-top of the DNS hierarchy. Iinkonzo zegama le-intanethi lilawula ulwazi lwe-DNS kwi -domain ye- DNS domains (TLD) (njenge ".com" kunye ".uk"), ngokukodwa amagama kunye nee-IP zamakheli ezisekuqaleni (ezibizwa ngegunya ) kwi-DNS. imibuzo malunga neTLD nganye ngabanye. Amaseva kwinqanaba elingaphantsi le-DNS yokulandelwa kwemigangatho yesibini yesiqendu kunye needesi (njenge "about.com"), kunye namanqanaba angaphezulu alawula imida yewebhu (njenge "compnetworking.about.com").
Iiseva ze-DNS zifakwe kwaye zigcinwe ngamashishini abucala kunye namaziko olawulo lwe-intanethi kwihlabathi jikelele. I-intanethi, 13 iiprogram zamagama ezincambu (ubuncinci bamachibi oomashishini emhlabeni wonke) inkxaso inkxaso kwiindawo ezingamakhulu e-intanethi zezinga eliphezulu, ngoxa i-About.com inikezela ngolwazi lwe-DNS yolwazi kwiisayithi ngaphakathi kwintanethi yayo. Iibutho zingakwazi ukuhambisa i-DNS kwiinkcukacha zabo zangasese, ngokwahlukileyo.
Okongeziweyo - Yintoni i-DNS Server?
Ukuqwalasela iiNethwekhi zeDNS
Abaxhasi be-DNS (ababizwa ngokuba yi- resolvers ) abafuna ukusebenzisa iDNS kufuneka bayilungiselele kwinethiwekhi yabo. Ukuxazulula umbuzo kwi-DNS usebenzisa idilesi ze-IP ezicwangcisiweyo ( static ) zee-server okanye enye i-DNS. Kwi-intanethi yasekhaya, idilesi ye-DNS idilesi ingaqwalaselwa kanye kwi- router ebanzi kwaye ikhethwe ngokuzenzekelayo ngabaxhasi bamashishini , okanye iidilesi zingaqwalaselwa ngamnye kumthengi ngamnye. Abalawuli bee-Intanethi basekhaya bangafumana iidilesi zee-DNS ezivumelekileyo kwiinkonzo zeenkonzo ze-Intanethi okanye ngababoneleli be-DNS kwi-Intanethi ye-Intanethi njenge-Google Public DNS kunye ne-OpenDNS.
Iintlobo ze-DNS Lookups
I-DNS isetyenziswe ngokubanzi ngabapheqululwazi bewebhu ngokuzenzekelayo ukuguqula amagama e-domain ye-Intanethi kwii-IP . Ngaphandle kwezi zinto zokuhamba phambili , i-DNS nayo isetyenziselwa:
- ukufumana iinkonzo ezifanelekileyo ukuthumela i-imeyile ye-intanethi
- ukuguqula i-lookups eguqula idilesi ye - IP kwakhona kwigama lesizinda
Izicelo zonxibelelwano ezixhasa i-DNS lookups zigijima kwi- TCP kunye ne- UDP , i-port 53 ngokungagqibekanga.
Jonga kwakhona - Phambili kwaye Uphendule i-IP yeLowokuLookup
DNS Caches
Ukuphucula inkqubo ephakamileyo yezicelo, i-DNS isebenzisa i-caching. I-DNS igcinwe iikopi zengingqi zengxelo zeDNS zangoku nje ngexesha iimvelaphi ziqhubeka zigcinwa kwiiseva zazo ezikhethiweyo. Ukuba iikopi zendawo zengxelo ze-DNS ziphepha ukuba zenze uthungelwano lwenethiwekhi kunye ne-DNS yolawulo lwabaphathi bee-DNS. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba i-DNS cache iphelelwe yisikhathi, imiba yokuxhunywa kwenethiwekhi ingabangela. Ama-caches e-DNS nawo ayenze ukuhlaselwa ngabahlaseli benethiwekhi. Abalawuli benethiwekhi bangacoca i-DNS cache xa kuyadingeka usebenzisa i- ipconfig kunye nezixhobo ezifanayo.
Okongeziweyo - Yintoni i-DNS Cache?
Dynamic DNS
I-DNS efunekayo ifuna yonke idilesi ye-IP yolwazi egcinwe kwiziko lokugcina. Oku kusebenza kakuhle ekusekeleni iiWebhsayithi eziqhelekileyo kodwa kungekhona kwizixhobo zisebenzisa iidilesi ze IP ezinamandla ezifana neekhamera zewebhu ze-intanethi okanye ii-server zewebhu. I-DNS yeDynamic (DDNS) inezela izandiso zeprotocol zenethiwekhi kwi-DNS ukwenzela ukunika iinkonzo zokulungisa isigqibo kubathengi abanamandla.
Abanikezeli beeNkonzo ezahlukeneyo banikezela iiphakheji zeDNS ezinamandla ezenzelwe abo bafuna ukufikelela ekude kwintanethi yabo nge-Intanethi. Ukumisela i-Intanethi ye-Intanethi yeDDNS idinga ukungena kunye nomnikezeli okhethiweyo kunye nokufaka isofthiwe eyongezelelweyo kwinethiwekhi yendawo. Umnikezeli we-DDNS ubukele ngokukhawuleza amadivaysi abhalisele kwaye enze i-DNS efunekayo yamaseva igama.
Okongeziweyo - Yintoni iDynamic DNS?
Eminye i-DNS
Inkonzo yeMicrosoft ye-Intanethi ye-Intanethi ye-Windows (i-WINS) isekela isisombululo segama esifana ne-DNS kodwa isebenza kuphela kwiikhompyutha ze-Windows kwaye isebenzisa indawo ehlukile yegama. I-WINS isetyenziswe kwiinkcukacha zangasese ze-Windows PC.
I-Dot-BIT yiprojekti evulekile yomthombo ngokusekelwe kwi- BitCoin iteknoloji esebenzayo ukwengeza inkxaso ye-".bit" kwisizinda sezinga eliphezulu kwi-Intanethi ye-DNS.