Ukuba uye wakuphulaphula umculo wedijithali - ingakumbi nayiphi na uhlobo lwefomathi yomsindo olahlekileyo - ngoko uye wachazwa kwi-quantization yemathematika. Ukuqhutyelwa kwezibonakaliso zezidalwa zedijithali emva kwendawo ziqhelekileyo kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo ziyimisebenzi ebalulekileyo yesofthiwe yomsindo yangoku okanye i-hardware (umzekelo abaguquli be-digital-to-analog ). Kodwa i-quantization ayikhawulelwanga kwi-audio nje. Ixesha kunye nokusetyenziswa kwalo kusebenza kwezinye iindawo, ezifana ne-physics okanye i-imaging yedijithali.
Inkcazo
Ukuxhaswa yinkqubo yokuguqula uluhlu lwexabiso lokungenisa kwixabiso elincinci leemveliso ezisondela ngokufutshane malunga nedatha yasekuqaleni.
Ukubhengezwa kwegama: kwon • ti • zay • shuhn
Umzekelo
Kwi-studio yokurekhoda, ii-microphone zithatha amaza omculo womculo we-analog, abuye aqhutywe kwifomati yedijithali. Isalathisi sinokuthathwa sampulu kwi-44,100 Hz kunye ne-quantized nge-8-, 16-, okanye i-24-bit bits (nangaphezulu). Ubunzulu beentlanzi eziphezulu zibonelela ngolwazi olungaphezulu, olwenza ukuguqulwa okuchanekileyo kunye nokuveliswa kwesimo sokutshintsha.
Ingxoxo
Ngokusisiseko, i-quantization yinkqubo eyinkimbinkimbi yokujikeleza equka inqanaba lokungahambi kakuhle. Iikhomputha zisebenza kuzo kunye ne-zeros, oko kutheni ukuguqulwa kwe-analog-to-digital kuthathwa njengento esondeleyo kwaye ayikho ikopi echanekileyo. Xa kuziwa kumculo, kungekhona kuphela umqondiso oqikelelweyo ugcine ukulandelana ngokuchanekileyo kunye nobukhulu bemilinganiselo, kodwa ixesha kufuneka lichaneke. Inkqubo kufuneka iqinisekise ukuba isigqi somculo sigcinwe, kunye namanqaku asatshalaliswa ngokufanelekileyo kwaye asekwe kwiinqwelo ezifanayo (okanye iinxalenye zayo). Ngaphandle koko, i-audio ingaphelela ukukhala okanye ukungaqhelekanga ezindlebeni zokuphulaphula.
Le ngcamango yokwenza i-quantization ingabonwa ngokubonakalayo kunye nenkqubo yokuhlela umfanekiso, njenge-Photoshop. Xa umfanekiso omkhulu unciphise ngobukhulu, kukho ukulahlekelwa kolwazi lwepikseli ngenxa yenkqubo yokwenza imathematika. Isofthiwe yenza izibalo kunye nokujikeleza ukulahla iipekseli ezingafunekiyo ngelixa ukugcina ingqibelelo yonke, umlinganiselo kunye nomxholo wesimo - imilinganiselo eqinile ibaluleke kakhulu kwiifoto njengengqungquthela yomculo. Xa ukucima kunye nokuthelekisa inguqu ephezulu yesithombe kwi-original, imijelo kunye nezinto zivame ukubonakala ziphazamisekile okanye zixakile. Lo mbonakalo wokudibanisa ukulahlekelwa ngokufanayo uhambelana neentlobo zeefayile zomsindo wedijithali. Idatha engaphezulu kunye / okanye ukunyanzeliswa ngaphantsi kubangela umgangatho ophezulu.