01 ka 03
Ukujongana Nenye yezinto ezininzi zokudibanisa kwi-Audio Electronics
Xa ndifunda isiseko somsindo, enye yeengcamango ezinzima kum ukuba ndiyiqonde i-impedance yomkhiqizo. Impedance yokufaka ndiyiqonda ngokusesikweni, kumzekelo wesithethi . Emva kwakho konke, umqhubi wesithethi uqulethe i-coil yocingo, kwaye ndayazi ukuba i-coil yocingo ilwa nombane. Kodwa impedance yomkhiqizo ? Kutheni ukuba i-amplifier okanye i-preamp ibe nempumelelo kwimveliso yayo, ndandicinga? Ngaba akunakufuna ukuhambisa yonke i- volt enokwenzeka kwaye ikhuphe kuyo yonke into eqhubayo?
Kwiingxoxo zam nabafundi kunye nabathandekayo kwiminyaka, ndiye ndaqonda ukuba andinguye yedwa ongeyifumananga yonke imbono yempedance impedance. Ngoko ndacinga ukuba kuya kuba mnandi ukwenza i-primer kweso sifundo. Kule nqaku, ndiza kujongana neemeko ezintathu eziqhelekileyo nezihluke kakhulu: i-preamps, amps kunye ne-headphones amps.
Okokuqala, makhe sibuyele ngokufutshane umxholo wempedance . Ukuchasana kukude apho into ethile ivimbela ukuhamba kwamandla kagesi. Ukunyanzelwa kwempembelelo kuyinto efanayo, kodwa nge-AC endaweni ye-DC. Ngokuqhelekileyo, impedance yecandelo iya kutshintsha njengoko ubukhulu bombane uguquka. Umzekelo, i-coil encinci ye-wire iya kuba ne-impedance engama-1 kwi-Hz kodwa i-impedance ephezulu kwi-100 kHz. I-capacitor ingaba ne-impedance engapheliyo kwi-1 Hz kodwa i-impedance ayikho phantse kwi-100 kHz.
Impedance yemveliso yintengo ye-impedance phakathi kweproampamp okanye i-amplifier izixhobo ezivelisayo (ngokuqhelekileyo zihamba, kodwa mhlawumbi i-transformer okanye ityhubhu) kunye neziphumo zokuphela kweemveliso zecandelo. Oku kuquka impedance yangaphakathi yecebo ngokwayo.
Kutheni ufuna i-Output Impedance?
Ngoko kutheni igalelo linokuba nempembelelo yokuphuma? Ngokona nxalenye, kukukhusela umonakalo ukusuka kwiisekethe ezimfutshane.
Nasiphi na isixhobo sokuvelisa sinciphise kwisixa samandla kagesi anokusingatha. Ukuba umkhiqizo wefowuni ukhawuleza, kucelwa ukuba kuhanjiswe inani elikhulu langoku. Umzekelo, i-signal ye-2.83-volt ye-output output izakuvelisa i-0.35 amps kunye ne-1 watt yamandla kwi-8-ohm isithethi. Akukho ngxaki apho. Kodwa ukuba intambo ene-0.01 ohms impedance ixhunyiwe kwii-terminals zokuvelisa iziphene, loo mqondiso wesiphumo esiya ku-2.83-volt izakuvelisa i-282.7 amps kunye ne-800 watts zamandla. Kude kakhulu, kuninzi kunokuba ezininzi iinkqubo zivelise. Ngaphandle kokuba i-amp ikwazi ukwenza uhlobo lokukhusela isiphaluka okanye isixhobo, isixhobo sokuvelisa siza kuphelisa kwaye mhlawumbi siza kuphazamiseka. Yaye, inokubamba umlilo.
Ngomlinganiselo othile we-impedance eyakhiweyo kwimveliso, icandelo libonakala likhuseleke ngakumbi kwiisitekisi ezimfutshane, kuba impsidance ye-impedance isoloko isekethe. Kuthetha ukuba unomfono wesikrini nge-impedance yomkhiqizo we-oh ohms, uqhuba i-headphone ye-32-ohm yentloko, kwaye uyifutshane nentambo yomnxeba ngokukhawuleza uyinqumle ngesibini. Uhamba kwi-impedance ye-system ye-62 ohms ukuya kwi-impedance epheleleyo ye-30.01 ohms, engeyona nto enkulu. Ngokuqinisekileyo uninzi olugqithiseleyo kunokuba uphume kwi-8 ohms ukuya kwi-0.01 ohms.
Indlela ekufanele iphumelele ngayo ukukhutshwa komda?
Umgaqo oqhelekileyo wesigwityi somsindo kukuba ufuna impedance imveliso ibe ubuncinane ngamaxesha angama-10 kune-impedance engenayo yokulindela. Ngale ndlela, impedance imveliso ayinayo impembelelo enkulu ekusebenzeni kwenkqubo. Ukuba impedance yemveliso ingaphezulu kwamaxesha angama-10 impedance yokufakelwa kokutya, unokufumana iingxaki ezimbalwa ezahlukeneyo.
Ngayo nayiphi na i-electronics audio, i-impedance ephezulu kakhulu yokuvelisa ingenza iziphumo zokufakela ezibangelwa iimpazamo zempendulo ze-frequency, kwaye zibangele nokuveliswa kwamandla okunciphisa. Ukufumana okungakumbi ngalezi ziganeko, khangela amanqaku am kuqala kunye nesibini malunga nendlela iintambo zesithethi ezinokuchaphazela ngayo umgangatho ophezulu.
Ngama-amplifiers, kukho ingxaki eyongeziweyo. Xa i-amplifier ishukumisela ikhonkco yesithethi phambili okanye ngasemva, ukumiswa kwesithethi kukukhupha ikona ukuya kwindawo yayo. Eli nyathelo lenza umbane oye waphoswa emva kwesikhulisi. (Lo mcimbi ubizwa ngokuba yi "EMF emva" okanye amandla okutshintsha i-electromotive force). Ukuba impumelelo ye-amplifier imiphumo ephantsi ngokwaneleyo, iya kuphumelela ngokukhawuleza ukuba i-EMF yangemva kwaye isebenze njengentlanzi kwiqhekeza njengoko iphinda ibuyele. Ukuba i-impedance ye-impedance yomkhiqizo iphakamileyo kakhulu, ayiyi kukwazi ukumisa i-cone, kwaye i-cone iya kuqhubeka ijikeleza ngokukhawuleza kude kube yilapho umqubuzo uyama. Oku kudala impembelelo kunye nokubhala amanqaku emva kokuba bafanele bayeke.
Uyakubona oku kwinqanaba lokunciphisa iziphakamisi. I-Damping factor yi-impedance ye-input average (8 ohms) ehlukaniswe yimpompo ye-amp. Ephakamileyo kwinani, bhetele kulungelelanisa.
Implifier Output Impedance
Ekubeni sithetha nge-amps, makhe siqale ngalo mzekelo, oboniswa kumzobo ongentla. Izimpesheni zeSomlomo zivakala ngokulinganiselwa kwi-6 ukuya ku-10 ii-ohms, kodwa ziqhelekile ukuba izithethi ziyeke kwi-3 ohms impedance kwiivenkile ezithile, kunye ne-oh oh 2 kwiimeko ezithile. Ukuba uqhuba ezimbini izithethi ngokufanayo, njengabafakeli bezithethe bahlala besenza xa kudala iinkqubo ezininzi zomsindo, ezicwangcisa i -impedance kwisigamu, esithetha isithethi edibanisa kwi-oh oh 2, ithi, i-100 Hz idibanisa ngoku-1 ohm kweso sihlandlo xa idibene nesinye isithethi sohlobo olufanayo. Yiyo imeko ebaluleke kakhulu, kodwa ke, kodwa abaqulunqi bamaplifizi kufuneka baxoxe ngeemeko ezinjalo okanye bangabhekana neentonga ezinkulu zeempi eziza kulungiswa.
Ukuba sibona i-impedance encinane yesithethi ye-1 ohm, oko kuthetha ukuba i-amp amp kufuneka ibe nempembelelo yokuphuma engekho ngaphezu kwe-0.1 ohm. Kuyacaca ukuba akukho ndawo yokunyusa ngokwaneleyo umphumo wale amp amplifier ukunika izixhobo ezikhuphayo naluphi ukhuseleko lokwenene.
Ngaloo ndlela, i-amplifier iya kufuneka iqeshe uhlobo oluthile lokukhusela isiphaluka. Oku kungaba yinto elandelela umphumo we-amp okhoyo kwaye ukhupha umkhiqizo ukuba umdwebo wamanje uphakeme kakhulu. Okanye ingaba yinto elula njengefraysi okanye umgcini wesiphaluka kumgca wamandla o-AC ongenawo okanye imizila yokunikezelwa kwamandla. Oku kunqamula ukunikezelwa kwamandla xa udweba lwangoku lungaphezulu kwe-amp amp.
Ngokuqinisekileyo, phantse zonke izixhobo zamandla okuhambisa ityhubhu zisebenzisa ama-transformers eziveliswayo, kwaye kuba iziphumo zenguqu zitshintshi ziphela nje zekhoyili ezixutywe kwinqanaba lesinyithi, zinemiphefumlo enkulu, ngezinye ii-0.5 ohm okanye ngaphezulu. Enyanisweni, ukufanisa isandi se-tube amp kwi-Sunfire-state-state (transistor) amplifiers, umqambi owaziwayo uBob Carver wongeze "umjelo wamanje" obeka i-1-ohm ukumelana neengqungquthela kunye nezixhobo zokuvelisa. Ewe, le nto yaphula umlinganiselo we-1 ukuya kwe-10 ubuncinane bemiphumo ye-impedance yokuvelisa kwimpendulo engeniswe kuyo ngasentla, kwaye ngaloo ndlela ibe nefuthe elikhulu kwimpendulo yexesha elixhamlayo kwisithethi esixhunyiwe, kodwa yiloo nto ufumana ngayo ezininzi ze-tube amps kunye Yiloo nto uCarver ayefuna ukuyenza.
02 ka 03
I-Preamp / Umthombo weNkcukacha yeMveliso yeMveliso
Nge-preamp okanye umthombo wesisiseko (umdlali weCD, ibhokisi yebhokisi, njl.), Njengoko kuboniswe kumzobo ongentla, yimeko ehlukileyo. Kule meko, awukhathaleli ngamandla okanye ngoku. Yonke into ofuna ukuyidlulisela isignali yomsindo yimiqulu. Ngaloo ndlela, isixhobo esingaphantsi - umbane wamandla, kwimeko ye-preamp, okanye i-preamp, kwimeko yesistim somthombo-unokufumana impedance ephezulu yokufakelwa. Naliphi na ikhoyo ezayo kumgca ivalwe ngokupheleleyo yiyo impedance ephezulu yokufakelwa, kodwa i-voltage ihamba kakuhle.
Ngenxa yamandla amaninzi kunye nama-preamps, impedance yokufakelwa kwe-10 ukuya kwi-100 kilohms iqhelekile. Iinjineli ziyakwazi ukuya phezulu, kodwa zingafumana ingxolo engakumbi ngaleyo ndlela. Ngokuqinisekileyo, ii-gups amps ngokuvamile zineempembelelo zokufakelwa kwama-kilohms angama-250 ukuya kwe-1 megohm, kuba i-guitar electric pickups ibinemiphumo emveliso evela kwi-3 ukuya kwi-10 kilohms.
Izijikelezo ezimfutshane ziqhelekileyo kwiisekethe zomgangatho, kuba kulula ukugubha ngokugqithiseleyo abaqhubi bee-ze-RCA iplagi nxamnye nesinyithi esityebileyo. Ngaloo ndlela, izimpembelelo zomkhiqizo we-100 ohms okanye ngaphezulu ziqhelekileyo kwi-preamps kunye nezixhobo zendalo. Ndibone izinto ezimbalwa ezingapheliyo, eziphezulu ekupheleni kwemigangatho ye-line-down-down as 2 ohms, kodwa ezi ziza kuba ne-transistors ezinkulu okanye ezikhuselekileyo zesekethe ukukhusela umonakalo kwi-shortcuts. Kwezinye iimeko, banokuxhunywa kwe-capacitor kwisiqhamo ukuvimba ii-DC zamandla kunye nokukhusela ukuveliswa kwefowuni.
Iiphonampampu zeFono ziyinto ehlukileyo ngokupheleleyo. Nangona kunjalo banemiphefumlo emiphumo efana neyomdlali weCD, iimpembelelo zengeniso yazo zihluke kakhulu nezo zengqungquthela yomgca. Oku kuninzi ukungena apha. Mhlawumbi ndiza kubhala kulo mbandela kwenye inqaku.
03 ka 03
Imfono ye-Headphone Amp Impedance
Ukugqithisa ekuthandweni kwentloko yee-headphone kuye kwazisa ukulungelelaniswa kwenkqubo ye-impedance ye-headphones engekho emgangathweni. Ngokungafani neengqungquthela eziqhelekileyo, ii-amps ze-headphones zivela kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zemveliso. Ii-amps ze-headphone ezingabizi, njengokuba zakhiwe kwiikhomputha ezininzi zeekhompyutheni, zinokuba nempembelelo yomkhiqizo ongaphezu kwama-75 okanye i-100 ohms, nangona i-headed impedance iyahluka ukusuka kuma-16 ukuya kuma-70 ohms.
Akunqabile ukuba umthengi anqamle kwaye abuyele kwakhona izipikisi xa i-amp amp isebenza, kwaye kunqabile ukuba izixhobo zithethi zonakaliswe xa i-amp amp isebenza. Kodwa nge-headphones, ezi zinto zenzeka ngexesha lonke. Abantu bahlala bexhuma okanye banqamle i-headphone xa i -phonephone amp usebenza. Izixhobo ze-headphones zivame ukulimala - ngamanye amaxesha zidala isiphaluka esifutshane-ngelixa zisetyenziswa. Ngokuqinisekileyo, ezininzi ii-amps zeefowuni zixhobo ezincinci, ezingenza ukongeza i-circuit efanelekileyo yokukhusela isekethe-engavumelekanga. Ngoko abaninzi abavelisi bathatha indlela elula: Baphakamisa imiphumo ye-amplifier ngokuvelisa umxhatshazo (okanye ngezinye izikhathi i-capacitor).
Njengoko unokubona kwimilinganiselo yamakhonsathi (ukuya kwegrafu yesibini), impedance ephezulu yemveliso ingaba nempembelelo enkulu kwimpendulo yefrikhsi. Ndiyayifumana impendulo yevama yekhanda lokuqala kuqala nge-Musical Fidelity headphone amp ene-impedance ye-5-ohm ye-output impetance, kwakhona kwakhona kunye ne-70 ohms yokuxhatshazwa eyongeziweyo ukwenzela ukudala imiphefumlo engama-75 ohms.
Impembelelo yokuba impsidance ephezulu yokuvelisa iya kuhluka kunye ne-impedance ye-headphone, kunye ngokutshintshwa kwempedance ye-headphone kwiimpawu ezahlukeneyo. I-headphone ene-impedance enkulu ifaka - njengokuba amanqaku amaninzi e-ear earing-armature-drivers do - aya kubonisa ukuba utshintsho olunzulu kwimpendulo yefrikansi xa utshintshe ukusuka kump amp with imedance ephantsi kumntu onemiphumo ephezulu yemveliso. Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-casphone ene-balanceal sounding sound balance when used with a source-low impedance will have a balance-sounding sounding balance when used with a high-impedance source.
Ngethamsanqa, impedance ephantsi yokuvelisa ifumaneka kwiimpepha ezininzi zeemfono zeemfono (ikakhulukazi imodeli yombuso onamandla), kunye nenye ye-casphone encane i-amppps ekwakhiwe kumadivayisi afana ne-iPhones. Ngokuqhelekileyo akukho ndlela yokukwazi ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba i-casphone iboniswe ukuba isebenziswe ngemiphefumlo ephakamileyo okanye ephantsi, kodwa ndikhetha ukunamathela kwimpedance emveliso ephantsi kwezizathu ezikhankanywe ngaphambili kweli nqaku.
Ndingathanda ukungazisebenzisi ii-headphone ezineempedance ezinkulu eziza kwenza ukuba utshintsho lwamaxesha aphindaphindiweyo xa lusetyenziswe nge-headphone amps ezinemiphumo ephezulu yemveliso (njengaleyo ekhompyutheni ndiyibhala apha). Ngelishwa ke, ngokuqhelekileyo ndithanda ukuva umsindo we-headphone-ear ear-ear ear to one who uses drivers dynamics, ngoko ke xa ndisebenzisa le headphone nge laptop yami, ngokuqhelekileyo ndidibanisa i-amp amp or USB headphone amp / DAC.
Ndiyazi ukuba oku kube yinkcazelo eninzi ende, kodwa impedance yemveliso yinto enzima. Ndiyabonga ngokuthwala nam, kwaye ukuba unemibuzo okanye ukuba ndishiye into ethile, thumela i-imeyile kwaye ndixelele.