Iimvumi zeDivayili kunye neMigangatho xa ifika kwi-Audio Playback kwi-PC
Umsindo wekhompyutheni yenye yeyona nto ifunyenwe kakhulu kwi-computer. Ngolwazi oluthile oluvela kubavelisi, abasebenzisi banzima ukucinga ngokucacileyo ukuba bafumana ntoni. Kwisigaba sokuqala salolu chungechunge lwamanqaku, sijonga kwizinto ezizodwa zomsindo wedijithali kwaye iinkcukacha ziyakucelwa. Ukongezelela, siza kujonga imigangatho emibini esetyenziswayo ukuchaza izixhobo.
Audio Digital
Yonke imisindo erekhodwayo okanye edlalwa ngekhompyutheni inkqubo yedijithali, kodwa zonke izandi ezidlalwa kwiinkqubo zesithethi zi-analog. Ukwahlukana phakathi kwezi zimbini zokurekhoda kudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqaliseni ikhono labaprofeti abavakalayo.
Umsindo we-Analog usebenzise isilinganiselo esichashazelekayo solwazi ukuze uzame kwaye uzalise ngokugqithiseleyo amaza esandi asuka kumthombo. Oku kunokuvelisa ukurekhoda okuchanekileyo, kodwa oku kurekhodwa phakathi kokuqhagamshelana nezizukulwana zokurekhoda. Ukurekhoda idijithali kuthatha iisampulu zamagagasi omsindo kwaye ziyirekhodi njengechungechunge lweebitshuthi (ezi kunye neeros) ezifanelekileyo malunga nomzekelo wokutshulwa. Oku kuthetha ukuba umgangatho wokurekhoda kwedijithali uyahluka ngokusekelwe kwiibits kunye neesampuli ezisetyenziselwa ukurekhoda, kodwa ukulahleka komgangatho kuphantsi kakhulu phakathi kwezixhobo kunye nezizukulwana zokurekhoda.
Bits kunye neSampuli
Xa ukhangela iiprosesa ezivakalayo kunye nokurekhoda kwedijithali, imimiselo ye-bits ne-KHz iza kuvela. La magama amabini abhekisela kwisilinganiselo sesampula kunye nencazelo yomsindo ukuba ukurekhoda kwedijithali kunakho. Kukho imilinganiselo emithathu ephambili esetyenziswe kwi-audio digital audio: 16-bit 44KHz kwi-CD Audio, i-16-bit 96KHz ye-DVD kunye ne-24-bit 192KHz ye-DVD-Audio kunye ne-Blu-ray.
Ubunzulu bunzulu bubhekisela kwinani leebhaktshi ezisetyenziselwa ukurekhoda ukucacisa ubungakanani bomsindo wesandi kwisampuli ngasinye. Ngaloo ndlela, i-bitty-bit rate rate iya kuvumela udidi lwamanqanaba angama-65,536 ngelixa i-24-bit ivumela izigidi ezili-16.7. Isilinganiselo sesampula sinquma inani leengongoma ecaleni kwomsindo wesandi esithatyathwe kwisithuba sesibini. Eyona mkhulu yeesampuli, ukujongwa kweedigrikhi kuya kufutshane nomsindo womsindo we-analog.
Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele apha ukuba isilinganiselo sesampula ihlukile kune-bitrate. I-Bitrate ibhekisela kwisixa esipheleleyo sedatha eqhutywe kwifayili ngesibini. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu, iinani zeebhitithi zanda ngezinga lesampula kwaye ziguqulelwe kwi-bytes kwisiseko ngasinye. Isibalo seMathematika, oko kukuthi (iibits * isampula rate) iziteshi) / 8 . Ngoko-ke, i-CD-audio eline-stereo okanye iteksi ezimbini iya kuba:
(Ii-16 bits * 44000 ngesibini * 2) / 8 = 192000 i-bps ngeseshane okanye i-bitch 192kbps
Ngolu qondiso jikelele, yiyiphi enye imele ikhangeleke xa ihlola iimpawu zeprosoftware? Ngokuqhelekileyo, kukulungele ukukhangela umntu onokukwazi ukufumana ama-sampula angama-96kHz angama-96kHz. Le nqanaba yomsindo osetyenziswa kwii-5.1 ezizungezile iziteshi kwiDVD ne-Blu-ray. Kulabo bafuna ingcaciso engcono kakhulu yokuphulaphula, izisombululo ezintsha ze-24-bit 192KHz zinikela ngekhwalithi enkulu yomsindo.
Isilinganiselo sokuBhalisa
Olunye uhlobo lwezandi ezilalelwayo abasebenzisi abaya kuhlangabezana nazo yiSalath-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) . Le nombolo imelwe ngama-decibel (dB) ukuchaza umlinganiselo wesignali somsindo xa kuthelekiswa namanqanaba engxolo aveliswa yicandelo lesandi. Ukuphakama komlinganiselo weSignal-to-Noise, bhetele umgangatho ozwakalayo. Umntu oqhelekileyo ngokubanzi akakwazi ukwahlula le ngxolo ukuba i-SNR ingaphezu kwe-90dB.
MiGangatho
Kukho iintlobo ezahlukahlukeneyo xa kuziwa kumsindo. Ekuqaleni, kwakukho umgangatho we-AC'97 oveliswe yi-Intel njengendlela yokwenza inkxaso ehambelana ne-96-bit bit 96KHz yomsindo kwizithuba ezithandathu eziyimfuneko kwiDVD 5.1 inkxaso yesandi esandi. Ukususela ngoko, kukho intuthuko entsha ekubukeni komsindo kwiifom zevidiyo eziphakamileyo ezifana ne-Blu-ray. Ukuze uxhasane nalawa, inqanaba elitsha le-Intel HDA lakhiwe. Oku kukhulisa inkxaso yomsindo kwizithuba ezisibhozo ze-30-bit 192KHz eziyimfuneko kwi-7.1 inkxaso yomsindo. Ngoku, le yimiqathango ye-Intel-based hardware kodwa ininzi ye-AMD i-hardware ebhalwe njenge-7.1 inkxaso yomsindo ingafikelela ezi nqanaba ezifanayo.
Omnye umgangatho omdala ongasethunyelwa kuwo u-16-Bit Sound Sound. I-Sound Blaster yikhathalo yamakhadi alalelwayo adalwe yi-Creative Labs. I-Sound Blaster 16 yayiyinye yamakhadi aphezulu okuqala ukuxhasa isixa-sampuli se-44kHz se-44KHz somsindo wekhompyutheni yekhompyutheni ye-CD. Lo mgangatho ungaphantsi kweyomgangatho omtsha kwaye awunakuqhathaniswa kwakhona.
I-EAX okanye i-Environmental Audio Extensions yinye imilinganiselo eyenziwe yi-Creative Labs. Esikhundleni sesakhiwo esithile somsindo, sisetyenziso seenkqubo zesofthiwe eziguqula umsindo ukuze uphinde uphendule imiphumo ethile. Umzekelo, i-audio edlalwa kwikhompyutheni inokuklanyelwa ukuba izandile ngathi ukuba idlalwe emqolombeni enamaqela amaninzi. Inkxaso yale nto inokufumaneka kwi-software okanye kwi-hardware. Ukuba iguqulelwe kwi-hardware, isebenzisa imijikelezo embalwa kwi-CPU.
Iimeko nge- EAX zenze nzima ngakumbi kwiinkqubo zokusebenza ze-Windows ukususela kwi-Vista . Okubalulekileyo, iMicrosoft yatshintshile kakhulu inkxaso yomsindo kwi-hardware ukuya kwicala lesoftware ukwenzela ukuba ube nenqanaba elikhuselekileyo lokhuseleko kwinkqubo. Oku kuthetha ukuba imidlalo emininzi ephethe i-EAX audio kwi-hardware yayingqinelwa ngokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zesoftware. Ininzi yale nto iye yaqwalaselwa yi-software yolwazi kumaqhubi kunye nemidlalo kodwa kukho imidlalo emidala engayi kukwazi ukusebenzisa iziphumo ze-EAX kwakhona. Okubalulekileyo, yonke into ihanjiswe kwimigangatho ye-OpenAL eyenza i-EAX ibaluleke kakhulu kwimidlalo yelifa.
Ekugqibeleni, ezinye iimveliso zingaphatha i- THX logo . Oku kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba isiqinisekiso sokuthi i-THX Laboratories ivakalelwa kukuba loo mveliso idibene okanye idlula ubuncinci bayo. Khawukhumbule nje ukuba umkhiqizo oqinisekisiweyo we-THX awuyi kuba nokusebenza okungcono okanye umgangatho ozwakalayo kunokuba ungenzi. Abavelisi kufuneka bahlawule i-THX labs kwinkqubo yokuqinisekisa.
Ngoku ngokuba sinesiseko somsindo wedijithali phantsi, lixesha lokujonga kwi- Surround Sound kunye ne-PC .