Ziziphi na kwaye kutheni ufanele uzisebenzise
Izaziso zangaphambili ze-CSS zabathengisi, kunye nexesha elibizwa ngokuba yi- CSS prefixes, ziyimpawu yokuba abenzi beebhrawuzi bangeze inkxaso kwizinto ezintsha ze-CSS ngaphambi kokuba ezo zixhobo zixhaswe ngokupheleleyo kuzo zonke izikhangeli. Oku kunokwenziwa ngexesha lovavanyo kunye nexesha lokulinga apho umenzi wesiphequluli echaza ngokucacileyo ukuba ezi zinto ziza kuphunyezwa njani. Ezi ziqendu zathandwa kakhulu ngokunyuka kweCSS3 kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo.
Xa iCSS3 yaqala ukuqaliswa, iipropati ezininzi ezivuywayo zaqalisa ukuhlawula iifrikhsi ezahlukeneyo ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo. Ngokomzekelo, iiphequluli ze-webkit-inikwe amandla (i-Safari ne-Chrome) ngabokuqala ukuvelisa ezinye izakhiwo zefestive-animation ezifana nokuguqulwa nokuguquka. Ngokusebenzisa abathengisi beprofixed properties, abaqulunqi bewebhu bekwazi ukusebenzisa ezo zinto zitsha kumsebenzi wabo kwaye bazibonise kwiiphequluli ezazizixhase ngokukhawuleza, kunokuba zimele zonke iimveliso zomkhangeli ukuba zifumane!
Ngoko ngokubhekiselele kumxhasi we-web front-end, i-prefixes yesiphequluli isetyenziselwa ukongeza izixhobo ezintsha ze-CSS kwi-site ngelixa unentuthuzelo eyazi ukuba iiphequluli ziya kuxhasa ezo zitayela. Oku kunokuba luncedo ngakumbi xa abenzi beebhrawuli ezahlukeneyo bezama ukusebenzisa izakhiwo ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo okanye nge-syntax eyahlukileyo.
Iziqulathi zeziqulatho ze-CSS ongazisebenzisayo (nganye ecacileyo kwisiphequluli esahlukileyo) zezi:
- Android: -webkit-
- Chrome: -webkit-
- Firefox: -moz-
- Internet Explorer: -msms-
- iOS: -webkit-
- I-Opera: -o-
- I-Safari: -webkit-
Kwiimeko ezininzi, ukusebenzisa ipropati entsha yefayili yeCSS, uthatha isakhiwo esiqhelekileyo seCSS uze ungeze isiqalo kwisiqulathi ngasinye. Iinguqulelo zangaphambili ziza kuqala ziza kuqala (nangayiphi na indlela oyithandayo) ngelixa isakhiwo esiqhelekileyo seCSS siya kuza. Umzekelo, ukuba ufuna ukufaka uguqulelo lwe-CSS3 kwidokhumenti yakho, uya kusebenzisa ipropati yenguqu njengoko kuboniswe ngezantsi:
-webkit- utshintsho: zonke ii-4 ziyanceda;
-moz- utshintsho: zonke ii-4 ziyancipha;
-ms- uguquko: zonke ii-4 ziyancipha;
-uguquko : zonke ii-4 ziyancipha;
Utshintsho: zonke ii-4 ziyancipha;
Qaphela: Khumbulani, ezinye iiphequluli zinokwakheka kweefayili ezithile kwiindawo ezithile, ngoko ungacingi ukuba i-browser-prefixed version yepropati iyafana nepropati ephantsi. Ngokomzekelo, ukudala i- gradient yeCSS , usebenzisa iprogram ye-gradient. I-Firefox, i-Opera kunye neenguqulelo zanamhlanje ze-Chrome kunye ne-Safari zisebenzisa loo propati kunye nesiqalo esifanelekileyo ngexesha iinguqulelo zangaphambili ze-Chrome kunye ne-Safari zisebenzisa i-prefixed property -webkit-gradient. Kwakhona, i-Firefox isebenzisa amanani ahlukeneyo kunemilinganiselo.
Isizathu sokuthi uhlala uvala isibhengezo sakho ngokuqhelekileyo, ingeyi-prefixed version yepropati yeCSS ukuze xa isiphequluli sisekela umgaqo, siya kuwusebenzisa. Khumbula indlela iCSS ifundwa ngayo. Imithetho kamva ihamba phambili ngaphezu kwexesha elidlulileyo xa i-specificity efanayo, ngoko isiphequluli siza kufundela inguqulo yomthengisi womgaqo kwaye isebenzise ukuba ayinakuxhaswa yinto eqhelekileyo, kodwa xa yenze njalo, iya kugqitha inguqu ye-vendor lawulo lwe CSS.
I-Prefixes Abathengisi ayikho iHack hack
Xa abathengisi bokuqala beza kuqala, abaninzi abaqeqeshi bewebhu bazibuza ukuba ngaba badonsa okanye batshintshele kwimini emnyama yokufuna ikhowudi yewebhusayithi ukuxhasa iziphequluli ezahlukeneyo (khumbula ukuba " Le ndawo ibonwa kakuhle kwimiyalezo ye- IE "). Abathengisi be-CSS abaqeshwanga abaxhomekekanga, nangona kunjalo, kwaye akufanele ube nendawo yokubasebenzisa emsebenzini wakho.
I-Hack ye-CSS ixhaphaza iimpazamo ekuphunyezweni kwesinye isici okanye isakhiwo ukuze ufumane enye indawo ukuba isebenze ngokuchanekileyo. Ngokomzekelo, i-hack yebhokisi yeefayile ixhaphaze iimpazamo ekuhambeni kwepropati yentsapho yezwi okanye indlela iibhrawuza ezihamba ngayo emva kwesikhokelo (\). Kodwa ezi ngxube zazisetyenziselwa ukulungisa ingxaki yohlobo phakathi kwe-Internet Explorer 5.5 yokuphatha imodeli yebhokisi kunye nendlela iNetscape eyayiguqulela ngayo, kwaye ayinanto yokwenza nesitayela somndeni. Ngombulelo ezi zimbini ziphetshana ezidlulileyo zizinto esinokuzixhalabisa ngale mihla.
Isiqulatho somthengisi asinanto ngenxa yokuba ivumela ukucacisa ukuba kusetyenziswe imigaqo yendlela ipropati inokusetyenziswa ngayo, ngoxa ngexesha elifanayo livumela abenzi beebrawu ukuba bazalise ipropati ngendlela eyahlukileyo ngaphandle kokuphula yonke into. Ngaphezu koko, ezi ziqendu zisebenza kunye neepropati zeCSS eziza kuba yinxalenye yenkcazo . Sifaka nje ikhowudi ethile ukuze sifumane ukufikelela kwipropati kwangethuba. Esi sizathu esinye sokuba uphelise umgaqo weCSS kunye nepropati eqhelekileyo, engekho ngaphambili. Ngaloo ndlela unako ukulahla iinguqulelo eziqingqiweyo xa inkxaso yesiphequluli esigqibeleleyo ifezekile.
Ngaba ufuna ukwazi ukuba umkhangeli weskripthi unomxholo othile? I-website ye-CanIUse.com iyimithombo ebalulekileyo yokuqokelela le ngcaciso kwaye ikuxelele zeziphi iiphequluli, kwaye zeziphi iinguqulelo zalezo zikhangeli, ngoku zixhasa inkxaso.
Abadayisi be-Prefixes bayaxhalabisa kodwa bexeshana
Ewe, kunokuba uzive uphazamise kwaye uphinde uphinde ubhale iimpawu ezi-2-5 ukuze usebenze kuzo zonke iiphequluli, kodwa yimeko yesikhashana. Umzekelo, nje kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo, ukusekela ikona elijikelezileyo kwibhokisi owafuneka ubhale:
-mz-edge-radius: 10px 5px;
-bbkit-umngcele-phezulu-kwesobunxele-i-radius: 10px;
-bbkit-umngcele-phezulu-kwesokudla-radius: 5px;
-wbkit-umngcele-ngezantsi-kwesokudla-radius: 10px;
-bbkit-umda-ngezantsi-ngakwesobunxele-i-radius: 5px;
umda-umngcele: 10px 5px;
Kodwa ngoku ukuba iiphequluli ziye zaxhasa ngokupheleleyo le nkalo, ufuna kuphela inguqulo ehambelanisiweyo:
umda-umngcele: 10px 5px;
I-Chrome ixhase ipropati yeCSS3 ukususela kwi-version 5.0, i-Firefox yongeze kwi-version 4.0, i-Safari yongeze ngo-5.0, i-Opera ngo-10.5, i-i-4.0 kwi-Android kunye ne-Android kwi-2.1. Nokuba i-Internet Explorer 9 iyayiphasa ngaphandle kwesiqalo (kunye ne-IE 8 kunye nezantsi ayenzanga ukuyixhasa okanye ngaphandle kweengaphambili).
Khumbula ukuba iiphequluli ziya kuhlala ziguquka kwaye iindlela zokudala zokuxhasa iziphequluli ezindala ziya kufuneka ngaphandle kokuba ucwangcisa ekwakheni amaphepha ewebhu aneminyaka emva kweendlela ezininzi zanamhlanje. Ekugqibeleni, ukubhalwa kwangaphambili kweebhrawuza kulula ngakumbi kunokufumana nokuxhaphaza iimpazamo ezinokuthi zizinze kwixesha elizayo, zifuna ukuba ufumane enye impazamo ukuxhaphaza njalo njalo.