Iinkqubo Okufuneka Unako Ukukhusela I-PC Yakho Ukususela Ekuxhatshazweni
Naliphi na inkqubo yecomputer eya kufikelela kwi-intanethi okanye kwezinye iikhomputha kwinethiwekhi, isofthiwe yokhuseleko kukuba kufuneka ibe nento. Iinkqubo ezintsha zeBrits ezibekwe kwinethiwekhi phambi kokuba nayiphi na isofthiwe sekhuseleko efakwe ingahlawuliswa kwimizuzu embalwa. Kungenxa yeso mngcipheko isofthiwe yezokhuseleko yinkqutyana ebalulekileyo yesofthiwe ukuba zonke iikhomputha ezintsha kufuneka zibe nazo. Uninzi lweenkqubo zokusebenza zinezinye izixhobo ezakhelwe ngoku kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo ufuna ngaphezulu. Iinkampani ezininzi nazo zivelisa ama-suite ama-software athambekele ekudibaniseni iimpawu ezininzi ezahlukileyo ezilwela iintsongelo eziqhelekileyo. Ngoko zithini ezinye izinto ezisongelayo?
Iintsholongwane
Izicelo zentsholongwane ye-Anti-virus zibandakanya uluhlu olubanzi lwezinto ezisongela ukuba ikhompyutha ingahlaselwa nayo. Izicelo zeVirus zinokuba nemiphumo eyahlukeneyo, kodwa kwiimeko ezininzi, kungenxa yeenjongo ezinobungozi. Kwiimeko ezininzi, ezi zifakwe kwiimfuno ze-imeyile okanye zikhutshwe iifayile ezikhuselwe. Iinkqubo eziqhelekileyo zokuhlasela iintsholongwane ze-virusi ezijonga kuphela iphepha lewebhu kunye nekhowudi edibeneyo.
Zininzi iinkqubo zekhompyuter zekhompyutha zivame ukuza kunye nesofthiwe yokhuseleko eyenza isofti-anti-virus software efakwe kuyo. Ingaba ivela kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zabathengisi kuquka iSymantec (Norton), McAfee okanye iKaspersky. Kwinkoliso yezi ziko, isofthiwe yexesha elilingayo leentsuku ezingama-30 ukuya kwi-90. Emva kwelo nqaku, isofthiwe ayiyi kufumana nayiphi na imbuyekezo ngaphandle kokuba umthengi athenge ilayisenisi yokubhaliselwa.
Ukuba ukuthengwa kwekhompyutheni entsha akuzange kufike ngeprogram yesifo se-virus, kubalulekile ukuthenga umkhiqizo wokuthengisa kwaye uyifake ifakwe ngokukhawuleza. Kwakhona uMcAfee noSyantec bangabalindi ababini abaphambili, kodwa uluhlu lwezinye iinkampani nazo zinikela ngemveliso kwaye kukho ezinye iindlela zokuzikhethela.
Iifutha
Amakhaya amaninzi ngoku aquka uhlobo oluthile lwe-intanethi kwi-intanethi njenge-cable okanye i-DSL. Oku kuthetha ukuba, nje kuphela ukuba ikhompyutha kunye nee-routers zivuliwe, ikhompyutha ixhunyiwe kwaye ifikeleleke kwezinye iinkqubo kwi-intanethi. I-firewall iyisicelo (okanye isixhobo) esinokukronga nayiphi na isithuthi esingavunyelwanga ngokucacileyo ngumsebenzisi okanye sisabela kwisithuthi esenziwe ngumsebenzisi. Oku kunceda ukukhusela ikhompyutha ukuba ifikeleleke kwiikhomputha ezikude kwaye zinokuba nezicelo ezingafunekiweyo ezifakwe okanye idatha efundwayo kwinkqubo.
Ininzi amakhaya akhuselwe yii routers zabo ezisetyenziselwa inkonzo yabo ye-intanethi kodwa iifowuni zeekhompyutha ziyabaluleke kakhulu. Ngokomzekelo, ikhomputha yekhompyutheni inokuthi ithathwe kwintanethi yasekhaya kwaye ifakwe kwinethiwekhi yomnxeba kawonkewonke. Oku kunokuba yingozi kakhulu ukusulela inkqubo kunye ne-firewall yesofthiwe ibalulekile kwikhompyutha. Ngoku zombini iWindows kunye ne- Mac OS X ifaka iifutha zomlilo ngaphakathi kwenkqubo yokusebenza engabakhusela.
Kukho iimveliso zecala lokuthengisa ezithengiswayo ezifumanekayo kwiikhomputha kunye nokongeza ezinye iinkcukacha kwiinkqubo. Ezi zixhobo zidla ngokubandakanya kwiindawo ezininzi zokukhusela ezinokuthi zilungele izixhobo zokutshisa umlilo.
I-Spyware, i-Adware kunye ne-Malware
I-Spyware, i-adware, kunye ne-malware yilawo onke amagama e-fomu yefowuni yakutsha nje yokusongela ikhompyutha yomsebenzisi. Ezi zicelo zenzelwe ukuba zifakwe kwiikhomputha kwaye zisebenzise inkqubo ngenjongo yokufumana idata okanye ukuxosha idatha kwikhompyutha ngaphandle kolwazi lomsebenzisi. Ezi zicelo nazo zenza ukuba iikhomputha zinciphise okanye zenze izinto ezahlukeneyo kunokuba abasebenzisi balindele.
Uninzi lweenkampani ezinxamnye ne-anti-virus ziquka olu hlobo lokufumanisa nokususwa kwimveliso yazo. Benza umsebenzi omhle wokufumanisa nokususa ezi nkqubo ukusuka kwinkqubo kodwa ezininzi iingcali zokhuseleko zikhuthaza ukuba zisebenzise iinkqubo ezininzi ukuqinisekisa ukufumana okuphezulu nokukhutshwa kwezinga.
Inxalenye ebhetele malunga nale marike kukuba abanye abadlali abakhulu banakho iprogram ekhululekile. Amagama amabini amakhulu kakhulu yi-AdAware ne-SpyBot. I-Windows ngoku iquka ezinye izixhobo zokufumanisa i-malware kunye nokususwa kwi-Windows standard application yesicelo.
IRansomware
Iklasi elitsha lesongelo liye lavela kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo. I-Ransomware , ngokwenene, inkqubo efunyanwa kwi-khomputha efakela idatha kuyo ukuze ingafinyeleleki ngaphandle kokuba i- key lock isinikezelwe . Ngokuqhelekileyo isofthiwe iya kuhlala ihleli ngekhompyutheni ixesha elide livuliwe. Xa sele kusebenze, umsebenzisi unyanzelekile ukuba ahambe kwisayithi kwaye ahlawule ukuze avule idatha. Ngokuyisiseko uhlobo lwenkohlakalo yedijithali. Ukungaphumeleli ukuhlawula kungathetha ukuba idatha ilahlekile ngonaphakade.
Azikho zonke iinkqubo ezihlaselwa yi-ransomware. Ngamanye amaxesha abathengi banokutyelela i-website ethi i-system ikhulelwe kwaye icela imali ukuba "ihlambulule". Abathengi abahlali banendlela elula yokuhlukanisa ukuba ngaba sele benesifo okanye bengenayo. Ngombulelo iinkqubo ezininzi zokulwa nentsholongwane zivame ukukhusela iinkqubo ezininzi zokuhlawulela.