Isihlandlo seZenzo ezaBumba iMihlaba yangoku
Idizayini yezobuGcisa inomlando omude kwaye unomdla kwaye konke kwaqala ngamazwi okuqala nemifanekiso. Ukususela ekuphuhlisweni kokuqala ekunyatheliseni ukuya kuvela kweendlela ezahlukileyo ekuyilwe ngethuba le-20 leminyaka, makhe sijonge iziganeko eziphambili kunye nokunyakaza okuye kwakha umzobo wezobugcisa.
UkuQala koNxibelelwano lokuBonisana noPhicotho
15,000 - 10,000 BC: Intetho yokuqala eyaziwayo, kunye neephotograph kunye nemifanekiso kwimimango yaseLascaux eningizimu yeFransi.
3600 BC: Isikhumbuzo seBlau sithathwa njengowona mdala mdala owaziwayo ukudibanisa amagama kunye nemifanekiso. Zicingelwa ukuba zivela kwindawo yase-Iraq.
105 AD: Igosa likarhulumente waseTshayina uTyun Lun lithathwa ngokuba yi-paper inventory.
I-1045 AD: UPi Sheng, umthonyama waseShayina, ucela uhlobo oluhambayo, oluvumela ukuba abalinganiswa babekwe ngabanye ukunyathelisa.
1276: Ukushicilelwa kufinyelele eYurophu kunye ne-paper mill eT Fabriano, eItali.
1450: U- Johann Gensfleisch zum Gutenburg uzuzwa ngokufezekisa inkqubo yohlobo lokuprinta kwiincwadi.
1460: Albrecht Pfister iba ngowokuqala ukufaka imifanekiso kwincwadi eprintiweyo.
Iinguqulelo zenguqu kwi-Typeface
1470: UNicolas Jenson, uthathwa njengomnye wabalingisi bamagama abakhulu beembali, ubeka iindaba eziqhelekileyo zohlobo lwaseRoma.
1530: UClaude Garamond uvula uhlobo lothotho oluqalayo, ukuphuhlisa nokuthengisa iifayile kubashicileli.
1722: Iphoyinti yokuqala yeCaslon Old Style ifakwe. Kamva iza kusetyenziselwa ukuprintwa kweSibhengezo soBu-Independence.
I-Industrial Revolution
1760: I-Revolution yezoPhuhliso iqala kwaye isetya isigaba sokuqhubela phambili kwimveliso yokuyila imifanekiso.
1796: Umbhali uAloys Senefelder uvelisa ubugcisa . Lo kwakuyindlela yokuqala yokuprinta "planographic" eqeshwe, oku kuthetha ukuba isetyenziselwa indawo esicatyiweyo kwaye isetyenziswe isiteji sokunyathelisa kwe-offset yangoku.
1800: INkosi uStanhope icela umshicileli wokuqala owenziwe kuzo zonke iinxalenye zesinyithi. Yayifuna enye yeshumi yomsebenzi wesikhokelo wenkxalabo yangaphambili kwaye iphindwe kabini ubungakanani bephepha.
1816: Iphoyinti yokuqala ye-sans-serif yenza umnyango ongenangqondo njengomgca omnye wencwadi.
Uyilo luza Kulo
1861: UWilliam Morris, owaba ngumntu onamandla kakhulu kwimbali yoyilo, ubeka ubugcisa bakhe bokubhena. Wayengumdlali omkhulu kwiBritish Arts and Crafts Movement.
1869: I- Ayer neNyana yasungulwa. Kucingwa njenge-arhente yokuqala yokubhengeza, bayiphayona kwisivumelwano esivulekile kwaye basebenzise ubugcisa obuhle kwi-design.
1880: Ukuphuhliswa kwe- halftone isikrini kukuvumela ukuba isithombe sokuqala sinyatheliswe ngeeloni ezipheleleyo.
1890: I Utshintsho lwe-Art Nouveau luqala kwaye luguqula uphuhliso ngonaphakade. Yenza indlela yayo kuzo zonke iintlobo zorhwebo lokusetyenziswa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwazo zonke iintlobo zobugcisa. Isitayela saqhubeka ngowe-1920.
Iimpawu zemiSebenzi yamanamhlanje
1900: Inkqubo ye-Futurism yoyilo ivela. Echaphazelekayo yi-cubism kunye ne-teknoloji, yawisa yonke imveli yemveli kwaye igxininisa kwimigca ecocekileyo, ecacileyo, eqondekileyo. Kwadume ngowe-1930.
1910: Isitayela esibizwa ngokuba yi-Early Modern ithuthukiswe. Isebenzisa iifoto kunokuba imifanekiso kunye nengqiqo ye-geometric. Isitayela saziwa kwada kwafika ngo-1935.
1910: Ukubamba iHero kubangelwa yimfazwe kwaye iqhubeka ngowe-1940. Olu hlobo luthembele kakhulu kwimifanekiso eqhelekileyo yabantu kunye nomyalezo oqinileyo: cinga uRosie iRiveter.
Ngowe-1919: UBauhaus ivula ngowe-1919. Isikolo sokwakha isiJalimane saba ngokukhawuleza saba yimbane yamandla, kwaye ihlala isetyenziswa i-Art Deco kwaye yayiza kuba yiSwitzerland.
Ngowe-1920: Uyilo lwezobugcisa be-Art Deco, kunye nejometri yayo eneenkalipho kunye nokungafani okuphezulu kuvela eceleni kobugcisa obuhle. Ayinalo ubunzulu bezinye izitawu kwaye isetyenziswe kwi-Twenty-Roaring ukuya kuma-40s.
Iifayile ngokukhawuleza landela iCape Pop
1932: Uhlobo olutsha lwe-Times New Roman lwenziwa nguStanley Morrison. Yayithunywe yi " Times of London ."
1940 : Indawo engalunganga kunye noyilo olucocekileyo lwakhiwe isakhiwo seSwitzerland. Iimpawu ze-serif ezingenanto kunye nezakhiwo ezingaqhelekanga zazivame ukukhetha. Kwakudala ukugqithisa kwaye yabonwa rhoqo kwaya kuma-1980.
1945: Ukunyuka kwexesha elizayo kuvela kwaye kulandelelwe kwiijometri ze-Art Deco. Eli hlobo lugqabileyo kwaye lusehla iintlobo eziqhelekileyo. Kwaqhelekile ngee-1960.
Ngowe-1947: Umyili wezobugcisa uPaul Rand ukhulula incwadi yakhe yokuqala, esithi " Imicabango kwi-Design. " Umsebenzi wakhe wawuya kuba nomthelela kubo bonke abaqulunqiweyo namhlanje.
Ngowe-1950: Iikkritch ivela kwaye ibonakala ngokugqithiseleyo kumabonakude e-movie angamaxesha amaninzi. Umbala ophezulu kunye nemibala enesibindi, imifanekiso engummangaliso, kunye nemifanekiso yabantu abathandwayo abaqhelekileyo kule ndlela.
Ngo-1957: UHelvetica uphuhliswa nguMax Miedinger. Ngokukhawuleza yaba yinto eyaziwayo kunye neyomgangatho oqhelekileyo.
Ngowe-1959: Umxholo wokuqala woBugcisa boBugcisa ukhutshwa. Eli phephancwadi eliyilo liza kukhawuleza libe ngumgangatho woshishino kwaye ibonakalisa umsebenzi omhle wabakhi beli xesha.
Ngowe-1968: Ephefumlelwe ngumbono, i-Psychedelic isitayela kwaye idlala kumgangatho wenkcubeko. I-Swirls, iifayili ezifihlakeleyo ziguqulwa zibe yimilo, kunye nemibala eqaqambileyo ijikeleze iziqulatho eziqhelekileyo zokufunda.
Ngowe-1970: Imizekeliso ejikeleze i-collage yaba yinto evelele kwintlanganiso ye-Post-Modern. Izixhobo ezigqithisiweyo kunye nokuvakalelwa ngentsingiselo zaziqhelekileyo ngama-80s.
I-Digital Revolution
Ngowe-1990: Ukukhutshwa kwe-Adobe Photoshop yokuqala, kudala ukuguqulwa kwindlela abayili bemifanekiso abasebenza ngayo.
2000: Ukuqulunqwa kwe-grunge kuvele kunye nomjeko we-punk njengemifanekiso ephezulu yokusetyenziswa kwemifanekiso ukubonisa indlela engcolileyo. Le ndlela isoloko ithandwa kakhulu ngo-2010.
Ngowe-2010: Oko kwaziwa ngokuba yi-Flat style idlala kwi-minimalist ukuziva ngeendlela ezibukhali kunye neengxaki ezimangalisayo ezifana nokusetyenziswa kakubi kwesithuba esingendawo.
2016: Abstract Swiss iyaqhubeka nokuziphatha okuncinci, ukuphazamisa kunye nokuqulunqa ukucwangciswa kweendlela ngendlela ebonakala ngathi ihleli.
2017: Iimpawu zeemifanekiso zivela - iifoto apho kukho ukuhamba okuncinci oluthile-ukubamba ingqwalasela yababukeli kwi-clutter yokuthengisa kwi-screen.
Umthombo:
UFilip B. Meggs, u-Alston W. Purvis. " Imbali yeMeggs yoMfanekiso weMifanekiso ." Udidi lwesine. John Wiley kunye noSons, Inc. 2006.