Kutheni zonke iiwebhusayithi zakhiwe ngokudibanisa isakhiwo, isitayela kunye nokuziphatha
Isifaniso esifanayo esisetyenziselwa ukuchaza ukuphuhliswa kwendawo ye-front-end yinto efana nesigxina esineemilenze ezintathu. Le milenze emithathu, eyaziwayo njengeziqendu ezintathu zokuphuhliswa kwewebhu, zakhiwo, isakhiwo, kunye nezithintelo.
Iintlobo ezintathu zoPhuhliso lweWebhu
- Ulwakhiwo okanye ungqimba lomxholo
- Isakhiwo okanye umgca wokuqukethwe kwiphepha lewebhu yikhowudi ye-HTML engundoqo yelo phepha. Njengesiqalo sendlu sakha isiseko esomeleleyo apho yonke indlu iyakhiwa, ngoko kunjalo isiseko esiqinileyo se-HTML sidala iqonga apho iwebsite ingadalwa khona. Isakhiwo se-HTML sinokuthi siqulethe itekisi okanye imifanekiso kwaye iquka ii-hyperlink ukuba iindwendwe ziya kusebenzisa ukuhamba ngelo bhsayithi.
- Isitayela okanye umgca wokubonisa
- Isitayela okanye isalathiso senkcazo sichaza indlela idokethi ye HTML ejongene ngayo iya kujonga kwiindwendwe zendawo. Olu luhlu luchazwa yi- CSS (i-Cascading Style Sheets). Ezi fayili ziqulethe izitayela ezibonisa indlela okufuneka iboniswe ngayo kwiphepha lewebhu. KwiWebhsayithi yanamhlanje, umgca wesitawu unokuquka iMidiya yeMidiya engatshintsha umboniso wesayithi ngokusekelwe kubukhulu bezeskrini ezahlukeneyo kunye nezixhobo .
- Indlela yokuziphatha
- Umgca wokuziphatha umgca wephepha leWebhu elingaphendula kwizenzo ezahlukeneyo zomsebenzisi okanye wenze utshintsho kwiphepha elisekelwe kwiimeko zeemeko. Kwimaphepha amaninzi eWebhu, izinga lokuziphatha liya kuba yintsebenziswano yeJavaScript kwiphepha.
Kutheni Ufanele Uhlule Iingqimba?
Xa udala ikhasi lewebhu, kuyinqweneleka ukugcina igalelo lihlukaniswe ngokunokwenzeka. Ulwakhiwo kufuneka lugcinwe kwi-HTML yakho, izitayela ezibonakalayo kwiCSS, kunye neendlela zokuziphatha kuzo naziphi na izikripthi esetyenziswayo kwisayithi.
Ezinye zeenzuzo zokuhlula iziqendu zi:
- Izibonelelo ezihlangeneyo
- Xa ubhala ifayile ye-CSS yangaphandle okanye ifayile yeJavaScript, ungasebenzisa loo fayile nayiphi na iphepha kwiwebhusayithi yakho. Ukuba ufuna ukwenza utshintsho kule fayili, mhlawumbi ukuhlaziya ezinye izitayela ze typographic kwiwebhusayithi, ngalinye iphepha elisebenzisa le ndlela yokufumana ifayile izakufumana utshintsho. Akukho mfuneko yokuhlela nganye iphepha lewebhusayithi nganye, eyokuba indawo enkulu ingaba yinto ephazamisayo.
- Ukulayisha okukhawulezayo
- Xa iskripthi okanye i-styleheet ikhutshwe ngumthengi wakho okokuqala, igcinwe ngumkhangeli wewebhu. Ngenxa yokuba ezi zixhobo ezibelwana ngazo ngoku zifakwe kwi-cache, amanye amaphepha aceliwe kumthwalo wesiphequluli ngokukhawuleza, okuphucula ukukhawuleza kwekhasi kunye nokusebenza.
- Amaqela amaninzi abantu
- Ukuba unabantu abangaphezu komnye osebenza kwiwebhsayithi kwangoko, ungasebenzisa iinkqubo 'zokungena ngaphakathi' kwaye 'khangela' kwiifayile ukuqinisekisa ukuba wonke umntu kwiqela usebenza neenguqulelo zakutsha zale fayile. Oku kunzima ukuyenza ukuba izitayela kunye nezenzo zidibaniswa namaxwebhu ohlobo.
- SEO
- Isayithi esinokuhlukana ngokucacileyo kwesitayela kunye nesakhiwo sinokuphucula ngakumbi kwiinjini zokusesha ukususela kuloo mihlaba inokukhangela ngempumelelo umxholo kwaye uqonde iphepha ngaphandle kokungeniswa ngesitayela sokubonakala okanye ulwazi lokuziphatha.
- Ukufikeleleka
- Iifayile zangaphandle zangaphandle kunye neefayile zesikripthi ziya kufinyeleleka kubantu nakwiibrawuza. Ngenxa yokuba kukho ukwahlukana kwendlela kunye nesakhiwo, isofthiwe efana nabafundi bekrini bayakwazi ukucwangcisa ngokubanzi umxholo ukusuka kwisakhiwo sobunqamlezo ngaphandle kokuba bangene phantsi ngeendlela abangenakuzisebenzisa.
- Ukuhambelana ngokulandelelana
- Xa unesayithi edibeneyo kunye neendawo zokuphuhliswa, kuya kubakho ukubuyela emuva emva koko kuba iziphequluli okanye isixhobo esingenakusebenzisa iindlela ezithile zeCSS okanye ezinokuthi zikhutshwe ngeJavaScript ziyakwazi ukujonga i-HTML. Iwebhsayithi yakho iya kuphuculwa ngokuthe ngcembe kunye neempawu zezikhangeli ezibaxhasayo.
HTML - Uluhlu lwesakhiwo
Uluhlu lwesakhiwo apho ugcina yonke into abathengi bakho bafuna ukuyifunda okanye bajonge. Oku kuya kubhalwe kwimiqathango eqhotyoshelweyo ye HTML5 kwaye ingaquka umbhalo kunye nemifanekiso kunye ne-multimedia (ividyo, i-audio, njl.). Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba yonke into yomxholo wesayithi yakho imelwe kwisiseko sobuninzi. Oku kuvumela nawuphi na abathengi abaye baphumele iJavaScript okanye abangakwazi ukujonga i-CSS ukuba banokufikelela kwiwebhsayithi yonke, ukuba akusiyo yonke imisebenzi yaloo sayithi.
CSS - izitayela zeStyles
Uya kudala zonke iifayile zakho ezibonakalayo zewebhu lakho kwishidi langaphandle. Ungasebenzisa ezininzi iifayile zetekethi, kodwa khumbula ukuba iifayile ezihlukeneyo zeCSS zidinga isicelo se-HTTP ukuba silandele, sichaphazele ukusebenza kwendawo.
I-JavaScript - I-Layer Layer
IJavaScript iyona ilwimi eqhelekileyo isetyenziselwa ulawulo lokuziphatha, kodwa njengoko ndithetha ngaphambili, i-CGI ne-PHP inokuvelisa nokuziphatha kwephepha leWebhu. Oko kuthethwa, xa abaninzi abaphuhlisi bebhekiselele kumgca wokuziphatha, bathetha ukuba uluhlu olusebenza ngokuthe ngqo kwi-Web browser. Usebenzisa lo mgca ukusebenzisana ngqo ne-DOM okanye i-Document Object Model. Ukubhala i-HTML echanekileyo kwisiseko sokuqukethwe kubalulekile ekusebenzisaneni kweDOM kwindlela yokuziphatha.
Xa ukwakha kwindlela yokuziphatha, kufuneka usebenzise iifayile zangaphandle zeScript njengeCSS. Ufumana zonke iintlobo ezifanayo zokusebenzisa ishidi lomsebenzi wangaphandle.