Iintsapho ezingama-802.11 zichaziwe
Abanini kunye nabanini-shishini abakhangela ukuthenga izinto zokunxibelelanisa babhekana nezinto ezikhethiweyo. Imveliso emininzi ihambelana ne- 802.11a , i- 802.11b / g / n , kunye / okanye i- 802.11ac imigangatho engenazintambo eyaziwa ngokuba yi- Wi-Fi . I-Bluetooth kunye nezinye izinto ezahlukeneyo ezingenazintambo (kodwa kungekhona i-Wi-Fi) zikhoyo, nganye zilungiselelwe izicelo ezithile zokunxibelelana.
Eli nqaku lichaza imigangatho ye-Wi-Fi kunye nobuchwepheshe obuhlobene, ukuthelekisa nokuchasana nabo ukukunceda uqonde ngakumbi ukuveliswa kwetheknoloji ye-Wi-Fi nokwenza ucwangciso lwenkqubo yokufundisa inethiwekhi nezixhobo zokuthenga izixhobo.
802.11
Ngo-1997, i-Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) yenze i-WLAN yokuqala. Bayibiza ngokuba yi- 802.11 emva kwegama leqela elakhelwe ukujongana nophuhliso lwayo. Ngelishwa, i-802.11 ixhaswe kuphela kwi- bandwidth ye- intanethi ye-2 Mbps. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, iimveliso eziyi-802.11 eziqhelekileyo ezingasenakucatshulwa azinakwenziwa.
802.11b
IEEE kwandiswe kwinqanaba lokuqala le-802.11 ngoJulayi 1999, ukudala i- 802.11b . I-802.11b isekela umda womda ukuya kwi-11 Mbps, xa kuthelekiswa ne- Ethernet yendabuko.
I-802.11b isebenzisa imvama yesalathisi engavumelekanga (2.4 GHz ) njengenqobo yokuqala ye-802.11. Abathengisi bahlala benqwenela ukusebenzisa le mijelo yokunciphisa iindleko zabo zokuvelisa. Ukungahambisani nomthetho, i-802.11b gear inokubangela ukuphazamiseka kwiivenkile ze-microwave, ii-wireless wire, kunye nezinye izixhobo usebenzisa enye ye-2.4 GHz. Nangona kunjalo, ngokufaka i-802.11b gear ibanga elifanelekileyo ukusuka kwezinye iifowuni, ukuphazamiseka kunokuphepheka lula.
- Iinkonzo ze-802.11b - Iindleko eziphantsi kakhulu; Uluhlu lwesalathisi luhle kwaye aluphepheli lula
- Umxhasi we-802.11b - Ijubane elincinci kakhulu; Izixhobo zasemakhaya zingaphazamisa ibhanti engavunywanga ngokungaqhelekanga
802.11a
Ngelixa i-802.11b yayisekuphuhliseni, i-IEEE yenze isongezelelo sesibini kwi-original standard 802.11 ebizwa nge- 802.11a . Ngenxa yokuba i-802.11b ifumaneke ekuthandweni ngokukhawuleza kunokuba yenza i-802.11a, abanye abantu bakholelwa ukuba i-802.11a yadalwa emva kwe-802.11b. Enyanisweni, u-802.11a wadalwa ngexesha elinye. Ngenxa yeendleko zayo eziphezulu, i-802.11a idla ngokufumaneka kwiinkonzo zoshishino kanti i-802.11b ilungele ukuthenga iimakethe zasekhaya.
I-802.11a isekela umda womda ukuya kuma-54 Mbps kunye nemiqondiso kwisiganeko esilawulwayo esiqhelekileyo malunga ne-5 GHz. I-frequency ephakamileyo xa kuthelekiswa no-802.11b inciphisa ububanzi bee-802.11a amanethiwekhi. I-frequency ephezulu ithetha ukuba imiqondiso ye-802.11a inebunzima obunzima bokungena ezindongeni kunye nezinye iziphazamiso.
Ngenxa yokuba i-802.11a kunye no-802.11b basebenzisa ii-frequencies ezahlukeneyo, ezobuchwepheshe ezimbini azihambelani. Abanye abathengisi banikela ngenethiwekhi ye-intanethi ye- 802.11a / b ye-hybride, kodwa ezi mveliso zizalisekisa kuphela imigangatho emibini ecaleni (amacebo ngamnye axhunyiwe kufuneka asebenzise enye okanye enye).
- Iinkonzo ze-802.11a - Isikhululo esheshayo esheshayo; iimeko ezilawulwayo zikhusela ukuphazamiseka kwesignali kwezinye izixhobo.
- Umxhasi we-802.11a - Iindleko eziphezulu; uphawu lwesantya esincinci esithinteka kalula.
802.11g
Ngo-2002 nangama-2003, iimveliso ze-WLAN ezisekela umgangatho omtsha obizwa ngokuba ngu- 802.11g wavela kwimarike. 802.11g iinzame zokudibanisa i-802.11a kunye no-802.11b. I-802.11g isekela umda womda ukuya kuma-54 Mbps, kwaye isebenzisa i-2.4 GHz imvama kwibala elingaphezulu. I-802.11g ihambelana ne-802.11b, oku kuthetha ukuba amaphulo okufikelela kwi- 802.11g aza kusebenza kunye ne-802.11b i- adapter network network adapter kunye nenye indlela.
- Iiprojekthi ze-802.11g - Isikhululo esheshayo esheshayo; Uluhlu lwesalathisi luhle kwaye aluphepheli lula.
- Umxhasi we-802.11g - Iindleko ezingaphezu kwama-802.11b; izixhobo ziyakwazi ukuphazamisa ukuvakala kwimiqondiso engavumelekanga.
802.11n
I-802.11n (ngamanye amaxesha eyaziwa ngokuba yi- Wireless N ) yenzelwe ukuphucula kwi-802.11g kwisixa somda wesikhombululo esekelwe ngokusebenzisa amanqaku amaninzi angenawucingo kunye ne-antenna (ebizwa ngokuba yi- MIMO technology) endaweni enye. Amaqela emigangatho yemigangatho yemigangatho yamanqaku angama-802.11n ngo-2009 kunye neenkcukacha ezibonelela ukufikelela kwi- 300 Mbps ye-bandwidth yenethiwekhi. I-802.11n inikezela ngamanani athile kangcono ngaphezu kwamazinga e-Wi-Fi ngaphambili ngenxa yokunyuka kwamagqabantshintshi, kwaye ibuyela emva-iyahambisana ne-802.11b / g gear.
- Iiprogram ze-802.11n - Isikhululo esheshayo sisantya kunye nesona sahlulo sesiganeko; ukuxhatshazwa kakhulu kumqondiso wokuphazamiseka kwimithombo yangaphandle.
- Umxhasi we-802.11n - I-Standard ayigqityiwe; iindleko ezingaphezulu kwama-802.11g; ukusetyenziswa kwezibonakaliso ezininzi kunokuphazamisa kakhulu i-network e-802.11b / g ezisezantsi.
802.11ac
Isizukulwana esitsha esitsha se-Wi-Fi ukusayinwa ekusebenziseni ngokubanzi, i- 802.11ac isebenzisa iteknoloji ye-wireless ye-double-band , isekela uxhulumaniso lwamaxesha athile kwii-2.4 GHz kunye nee-5 GHz ze-Wi-Fi. I-802.11ac inikezela ukuhambelana ngokulandelelana ukuya kwi-802.11b / g / n kunye nomda womda we-bandwidth olinganiswe kuma-1300 Mbps kwi-band ye-5 GHz kunye no-450 Mbps kwi-2.4 GHz.
Kuthiwani NgeBluetooth kunye nokuphumla?
Ngaphandle kwezi zintlanu zeenjongo ze-Wi-Fi eziqhelekileyo, ezinye iinkalo ezinxulumene nobuchwephesha benethiwekhi ezingenazintambo zikhoyo.
- IEEE 802.11 imigangatho yeqela lokusebenza efana ne-802.11h ne-802.11j zandiso okanye i-offshoots ye-teknoloji ye-Wi-Fi nganye isebenza ngenjongo ethile.
- I-Bluetooth yinknoloji ye-intanethi engenazintambo engahambanga nentambo elandela indlela yokuphuhliswa eyahlukileyo kunowapho ka-802.11. I-Bluetooth isekela ibanga elincinane kakhulu (malunga neemitha ezili-10) kunye ne-bandwidth ephantsi (1-3 Mbps ngokwenzayo) eyenzelwe amacebo enethiwekhi aphantsi asebenzayo njengama-handhelds. Iindleko eziphantsi zokuveliswa kwezinto zeBluetooth ziyakhuthaza nabathengisi bezoshishino. Unokufumana lula i-Bluetooth ekunxibelelaneni kwe-PDAs okanye ii-fowuni kunye ne-PC, kodwa ayifumaneki ukusetyenziswa kwi-Intanethi ye-WLAN yonxibelelwano ngokubanzi ngokubhekiselele kwibala kunye neengongoma.
- I-WiMax nayo yaveliswa ngokwahlukileyo kwi-Wi-Fi. I-WiMax yenzelwe ukuthungelwano kwexesha elide (ubude beekhilomitha okanye iikhilomitha) ngokuchasene nomnxeba wengingqi engena-wireless.
Imigaqo elandelayo ye-IEEE 802.11 ikhona okanye ekuphuhliseni ukuxhasa ukuveliswa kobuchwephesha kwintanethi yendawo yokunxibelelana nge-wireless:
- 802.11a - 54 Mbps standard, 5 GHz ukusayinwa (kulungiswa 1999)
- 802.11b - 11 Mbps standard, 2.4 GHz ukusayina (1999)
- 802.11c - usebenziso lweebrari ezixhunyiwe (ezifudukela kwi-802.1D)
- 802.11d - ukuthotyelwa kwehlabathi jikelele kwimimiselo yokusetyenziswa kwesigxina se-wireless signal (2001)
- 802.11e - Inkxaso yeNqanaba leNkonzo (QoS) (engekavunyelwanga)
- I-802.11F - Isiphakamiso seProtokholi yoPhulo lwe-Inter-Interface yokunxibelelana phakathi kwamanqaku okufikelela ekuxhaseni abaxumi bezithuthi (2003)
- 802.11g - 54 Mbps standard, 2.4 GHz ukusayinwa (2003)
- 802.11h - inguqu ephuculweyo ye-802.11a ukuxhasa iimfuno zolawulo lwaseYurophu (2003)
- 802.11i - ukuphucula ukhuseleko lweentsapho ezingama-802.11 (2004)
- 802.11j - izithuthukisi ukuya kwi-5 GHz yokubonisa ukuxhasa iimfuno zolawulo lwaseJapan (2004)
- 802.11k - Ulawulo lwe-WLAN
- I-802.11l - yehliswa ukuze iphephe ukudideka kunye ne-802.11i
- 802.11m - ukugcinwa kwamaxwebhu omndeni ka-802.11
- Ama-802.11n - 100+ Mbps uphuculo oluqhelekileyo ngaphezu kwama-802.11g (2009)
- 802.11o - wehliswa
- 802.11p - Ukufikelela kwi-Wireless kwi-Vehicular Environment
- 802.11q - wehla
- 802.11r - inkxaso yokuzula ngokukhawuleza nge-Basic Service Setting
- I-802.11s - I-ESS yokunxibelelana kweetayitile zeendawo zokufikelela
- I-802.11T - Ukunikezelwa kokuSebenza okungenazintambo - isincomo kwimilinganiselo yokuvavanya kunye neemitha
- 802.11u - intsebenziswano nge-intanethi kunye ne-3G / iselula kunye nezinye iindlela zokunxibelelanisa zangaphandle
- 802.11v - ukuphathwa kwenethiwekhi / ukucwangciswa kwedivayisi
- I-802.11w - Ukuphuculwa koKhuselo loLondolozo lweNkqubo
- I-802.11x - i-skipped (igama lobudala kwiintsapho ezingama-802.11)
- I-802.11y - I-Protocol Based Based Protocol yokuphazamiseka kokuphazamiseka
I-Official Official IEEE 802.11 Iprojekthi yeQela lokuSebenza lePhepha eliPhezulu lipapashwa ngu-IEEE ukubonisa isimo semilinganiselo nganye yokunxibelelana phantsi kophuhliso.