Amandla e-Ethernet amaninzi amanethiwekhi ommandla wendawo
Kwiminyaka emininzi, i-Ethernet ibonakalise njengeteknoloji engabizi, ngokukhawuleza, kunye ne-LAN. Olu qeqesho luchaza ukusebenza ngokusemgangathweni kwe-Ethernet kunye nendlela engasetyenziswa ngayo kumanethiwekhi asekhaya nakwamashishini.
Imbali ye-Ethernet
Iinjineli zeBob Metcalfe kunye ne-DR Boggs zenze i-Ethernet iqale ngo-1972. Imigangatho yemigangatho esekelwe emsebenzini wayo yasungulwa ngo-1980 phantsi kwe-IEEE 802.3 isethi yeenkcukacha. Iinkcukacha ze-Ethernet zichaza iiprotokholi zokudluliswa kwedatha ephantsi kunye neenkcukacha zobungcali bezobugcisa kufuneka bazi ukuba bakhe imikhiqizo ye-Ethernet efana namakhadi kunye nezixhobo.
I-teknoloji ye-Ethernet iguqukile kwaye ikhula ngexesha elide. Umthengi osemgangathweni unokuxhomekeka kwi-e-shelf e-Ethernet iimveliso zokusebenza njengoko zenzelwe kwaye zisebenza kunye.
Technology Ethernet
I-Ethernet yeNdabuko isekela ukudluliselwa kwedatha kwisilinganiso sama- megabits ezili-10 ngesibini (Mbps) . Njengoko iimfuno zentsebenzo zonyuka ngexesha, i-shishini lenze iinkcukacha ezongezelelweyo ze-Ethernet ze-Fast Ethernet kunye ne-Gigabit Ethernet. I-Ethernet ngokukhawuleza iqhuba ukusebenza kwe-Ethernet yendabuko ukuya kuma-100 Mbps kunye ne-Gigabit Ethernet ukuya kwi-1000 Mbps ngesivinini. Nangona iimveliso zingekafumaneki kumthengi omyinge, i-10 Gigabit Ethernet (10,000 Mbps) ikhona kwaye isetyenziswe kumanethiwekhi athile kunye ne-intanethi2.
Iikhomputha ze-Ethernet zenziwe ngokufanayo nakweyiphi na imiqathango emiselweyo. Ikhebula le-Ethernet ethandwa kakhulu ekusebenziseni kwangoku, iCandelo 5 okanye ikhebula le-CAT5 , isekela zombini kunye ne-Fast Ethernet. ICandelo 5e (CAT5e) kunye neCAT6 zixube zixhasa iGigabit Ethernet.
Ukuxhuma iikhomputha ze-Ethernet kwikhomputha (okanye enye idivaysi yomnatha), umntu uphawula intambo ngqo kwi- port ye- Ethernet . Amanye amadivaysi ngaphandle kokuxhaswa kwe-Ethernet anokuncedisa uxhumano lwe-Ethernet ngokusebenzisa i- dongles ezifana ne- USB-to-Ethernet adapters. Intambo ye-Ethernet isebenzisa izixhobo ezibukeka zinjenge-RJ-45 ifowuni esetyenziswa kunye neefowuni zendabuko.
Kubafundi: Kwimodeli ye-OSI, iteknoloji ye-Ethernet isebenza kwiziqendu zomnxeba kunye neenkcukacha -Iziqendu enye kunye ezimbini ngokulandelana. I-Ethernet isekela yonke inethiwekhi ethandwayo kunye neeproducts eziphezulu, ngokukodwa iTCP / IP .
Iintlobo zeEthernet
Ngokuqhelekileyo kuthiwa yi-Thicknet, i-10Base5 yayiyi-first-incarnation ye-teknoloji ye-Ethernet. Icandelo lisetyenziselwa iTycknet kuma-1980 ukuya kutsho kwe-10Base2 iTinnet yabonakala. Xa kuthelekiswa neT Thicknet, uThnetnet wanikela ithuba lokunciphisa (ama-millimitha ama-5 kunye ne-10 millimeters) kunye nekhamera eguquguqukayo, okwenza kube lula ukufakela izakhiwo zeofisi ze-Ethernet.
Ifom eqhelekileyo ye-Ethernet yendabuko, nangona kunjalo, yayingu-10Base-T. I-10Base-T inikeza iipropati ezingcono zombane kuneT thicknet okanye iThnetnet, kuba i-10Base-T zisebenzisa i-wiring ekhonjiweyo ye-pair (UTP) kunokuba i-coaxial. I-10Base-T yabonakalisa ixabiso elininzi kunezinye iindlela ezifana ne-fiber optic cabling.
Imilinganiselo emininzi ye-Ethernet eyaziwa ngaphantsi, kuquka i-10Base-FL, i-10Base-FB, kunye ne-10Base-FP kumanethiwekhi e-fiber optic kunye ne-10Broad36 ye- broadband (i-cable tv). Zonke iifom zendabuko ngasentla, ezibandakanya i-10Base-T zenziwe zingagqibekanga nge-Fast and Gigabit Ethernet.
Okungakumbi Nge-Fast Ethernet
Phakathi no-1990, iTeknoloji ye-Fast Ethernet yakhula kwaye yadibanisa iinjongo zayo zokwakha (a) ukwandisa ukusebenza kwe-Ethernet yendabuko ngelixa b) igwema isidingo sokuphindaphinda ngokupheleleyo i-intanethi ye-Ethernet amanethiwekhi. I-Ethernet ekhawulezayo ivela kwiintlobo ezimbini ezibalulekileyo:
- I-100Base-T (usebenzisa ikhebula elibini elingaphantsi)
- I-100Base-FX (usebenzisa i-fiber optic cable)
Kule ndlela ixhaphake kakhulu kwezi zi-100Base-T, umgangatho oquka i-100Base-TX (i-5 ye-UTP), i-100Base-T2 (iCandelo 3 okanye i-UTP engcono), kunye ne-100Base-T4 (i-100Base-T2 kwikhabhi eguqulelwe ukufaka ezimbini ezongezelelweyo ombini).
Okunye malunga neGigabit Ethernet
Ngoxa i-Ethernet yokukhawuleza iphucule i-Ethernet yendabuko ukusuka kwi-Megabit ukuya kwi-100 Megabit ngesivinini, i-Gigabit Ethernet inomgangatho ofanayo wokuphucula ubukhulu kwi-Fast Ethernet ngokunikela ngesivinini se-1000 Megabits (1 Gigabit). I-Gigabit Ethernet yenziwe kuqala ukuhamba ngecala lokubhaka nelobhedu, kodwa umgangatho we-1000Base-T uphumelela ngokufanelekileyo ngempumelelo. I-1000Base-T isebenzisa iklabhu yeCandelo 5 efana ne-100 Mbps ye-Ethernet, nangona ukufikelela kwejigabit isantya kufuna ukusetyenziswa kweebini zetambo ezongeziweyo.
I-Ethernet Topologies kunye neProtocol
I-Ethernet yeMveli isebenzisa i-topology yebhasi, oku kuthetha ukuba zonke izixhobo okanye imikhosi kwi-intanethi zisebenzisa umgca wokuxhumana olwabelanayo. Isixhobo ngasinye sinekheli le-Ethernet, elibizwa ngokuba yi- MAC idilesi . Ukuthumela amadivaysi sebenzisa iidilesi ze-Ethernet ukucacisa umyalezo ofunyenweyo wemilayezo.
Idatha ethunyelwe phezu kwe-Ethernet ikhona kwiifom zeefowuni. Isakhelo se-Ethernet siqulethe intloko, isigaba sedata, kunye neenyawo ezinobungakanani obudibeneyo obungaphezulu kwama-1518 byte. I-header ye-Ethernet iqulethe iidilesi zombini owamkelekileyo kunye nomthumeli.
Idatha ethunyelwe phezu kwe-Ethernet isasazwa ngokuzenzekelayo kuzo zonke izixhobo kwinethiwekhi. Ngokuthelekisa idilesi yabo ye-Ethernet ngokubhekiselele kwidilesi kwisihloko sefowuni, nganye iimvavanyo zezixhobo ze-Ethernet isakhelo ngasinye ukuchonga ukuba ngaba zijoliswe kubo kwaye zifunda okanye zilahla isakhelo ngokufanelekileyo. I-adapters yomnxeba ziquka lo msebenzi kwi-hardware yazo.
Izixhobo ezifuna ukudlulisela kwi-Ethernet kuqala zenze isheke sokuqala ukuchonga ukuba ngaba iphakathi ingafumaneka okanye ingaba uhanjiso luqhubeka ngoku. Ukuba i-Ethernet iyatholakala, ifowuni yokuthumela idlulisela kwintambo. Kunokwenzeka, nangona kunjalo, ukuba izixhobo ezimbini ziya kuqhuba olu vavanyo malunga nexesha elifanayo kwaye zombini zithunyelwa ngokufanayo.
Ngokuyilwa, njenge-trade-off ukusebenza, umgangatho we-Ethernet awukuthinteli ukuhanjiswa kwexesha elifanayo. Ezi zibizwa ngokuba yi-collisions, xa zenzeka, zibangela ukuba zombini ukuhanjiswa kungaphumeleli kwaye kufuneke ukuba zombini ukuthumela izixhobo ukuthumela kwakhona. I-Ethernet isebenzisa i-algorithm ngokusekelwe kumaxesha okulibazisa okungahleliweyo ukuqinisekisa ixesha elifanelekileyo lokulinda phakathi kokudluliselwa kwakhona. I-adapter yomnatha isebenzisa le algorithm.
Kwi-Ethernet yendabuko, le protocol yokusabalalisa, ukuphulaphula nokufumana iikholisi yaziwa ngokuba yi-CSMA / CD (Ukukhutshwa kwe-Carrier Sense Multiple Access / Collision Detection). Ezinye iifom ze-Ethernet zisebenzise ii-CSMA / CD. Kunoko, basebenzisa okubizwa ngokuba yi-duplex ye-Ethernet protocol, exhasa i-point-to-point ethunyelwayo kunye nokufumana ngaphandle kokuphulaphula okufunekayo.
Olongezelelweyo NgeeEthernet Devices
Njengoko kukhankanywe ngaphambili, iintambo ze-Ethernet zilinganiselwe ekufikeleleni kwabo, kwaye loo migama (njengemfutshane nje ngeemitha ezili-100) ayinelungelo lokufakela ukufakela kwenethiwekhi ephakathi nendawo enkulu. I-repeater kwi-intanethi ye-Ethernet yisistim esivumela ukuba iintambo ezininzi zidibaniswe kunye nemimandla emikhulu ukuba idibene. I-bridge ifowuni inokujoyina i-Ethernet kwenye inethiwekhi yoluhlobo oluthile, njengenethiwekhi engenakucingo. Olunye uhlobo oluthandwayo lwefowuni ye-repeater yi- hub ye- Ethernet. Ezinye izixhobo ngamanye amaxesha zididekile kunye nee-hubs zitshintshi kunye nee-routers .
I-adapter yenethiwekhi ye-Ethernet nayo ikhona kwiifom ezininzi. Iikhomputha ezitsha zamakhompyutha kunye neqhosha lomdlalo we-game adapter e-Ethernet adapter. I-adapter ye-USB-to-Ethernet kunye nee-adapter ze-wireless ze-Ethernet nazo ziyacwangciswa ukusebenza kunye namadivayisi amaninzi amatsha.
Isishwankathelo
I-Ethernet yenye yezobuchwepheshe eziphambili ze-Intanethi. Naphezu kobudala bakhe, i-Ethernet iyaqhubeka inamandla amaninzi amanxibelelwano ommandla wehlabathi kwaye iyaqhubeka iphucula ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezizayo zokunxibelelana kwee-intanethi.