Udliwano-ndlebe noProfesa weCriminology waseCincinnati
Uphando lwe-Cybercrimology luseyona intsha yesayensi yoluntu. UNjingalwazi uJoe Nedelec weYunivesithi yaseCincinnati ungomnye walabo baphandi abafuna ukukhulisa ukuqonda kwethu ukuba kutheni abagculeli kunye nabaphuli be-intanethi benza oko benzayo.
UNjingalwazi uNedelec unenkqubo yoLwaphulo-mthetho kwi-U yeC. Wadibana ne-About.com ukuze asitshele ngakumbi malunga nengqondo ye-cybercriminal. Nantsi ingxelo yolu dliwano-ndlebe.
01 ngo 05
Abakwa-Cybercriminals Abalingani bezithuthi ezilingana nezitrato
Mayelana.com : "UProfesa Nedelec: yintoni eyenza ikiti ye-cybercriminal kunye nendlela abahluke ngayo kwizigebengu zedolophana?"
Prof. Nedelec:
Ukuphanda abadlali be-cybercriminals kunzima. Bambalwa kakhulu kubo babanjwe, ngoko asikwazi ukuya ejele okanye kwiintolongo ukuba sixoxe nabo njengokuba sinokuzibethela izigwaphu. Ngaphezu koko, i-Intanethi inikezela ngokungaziwa (ubuncinci kulabo baziyo ngokufihlakeleyo) kunye nabaxhasi be-cybercriminals bahlala bengabonakali. Ngenxa yoko, uphando nge-cybercrime lusebuncinaneni, ngoko-ke akukho zininzi ezifunyenweyo okanye eziphinda zifunyenwe kodwa ezinye iipatheni zivele. Ngokomzekelo, abaphandi baqaphela ukuba ukuhlukana ngokwasemzimbeni komntu ophulukisayo kunye nexhoba kuyona sizathu esibalulekileyo sokuba abanye abasebenzisa i-cybercriminals bakwazi ukulungelelanisa izenzo zabo zobugebengu. Kulula ukucinga ukuba ingozi ayenzanga xa ixhoba lingalunganga phambi kwabo. Abaphengululi abaninzi baye baqaphela ukuba abanye abaxhamli be-cybercriminals, ngokukodwa ngokugculela abanobugwenxa, bashukunyiswa nje ngumngeni wokuphumeza inkqubo ye-intanethi. Ngaphezulu, i-qualitative data iye yabonisa ukuba abanye abasebenzisa i-cybercriminals bakhetha ukusebenzisa izakhono zabo zolwaphulo-mthetho kuba banokwenza imali engaphezulu kunomsebenzi osemthethweni.
Nangona kukho ukungabikho ngokwemiqathango yezizathu zokuziphatha phakathi kwabasebenzi be-cybercriminals kunye ne-off-line okanye izigwenxa zesitrato, kukho umlinganiselo omkhulu. Ngokomzekelo, abantu abanomdla kakhulu banokuthi bangene ekuziphatheni okungafaniyo nabangenalucalulo. Nangona kunjalo, oku kufunyanwe akusebenzi ngaso sonke isikhathi kakuhle kwi-cybercrime. Kuthatha umonde obuninzi kunye nobuchule bezobugcisa ukubandakanya ngempumelelo iintlobo ezininzi zezenzo zobugebengu kwi-intanethi. Oku kwahluke kakhulu kweso senzo sesitalato esinobuchwephesha bezobuchwephesha ngokuqhelekileyo asikho ngokujulile. Ukuxhasa olu bhengezo, uphando luye lwabonisa ukuba abantu ababandakanya ulwaphulo-mthetho kwi-intanethi abasenakukwazi ukubandakanya kwizenzo zolwaphulo-mthetho ngaphandle. Kwakhona, olu phando lusebuntwaneni kwaye luya kuba lunomdla ukubona ukuba ngabaphi uphenonongo abakwaziyo ukufumana ngesihloko esibaluleke kakhulu.
02 we 05
Unomtsalane njani Ukunyamekela kwabaCriberliners?
About.com : "Yintoni abanye abasebenzisi abenzayo ekubanjeni ingqalelo engafanelekanga yabakrobercriminals?"
Prof. Nedelec:
Ekufundeni amaxhoba e-cybercrime, abaphandi baye babona iziphumo ezithandekayo. Ngokomzekelo, iimpawu zobuntu ezinjengezembeko zibonakala zihambelana nokuxhatshazwa kwe-cyber njengokuba abantu abanononophelo abangaphantsi kunokuba baninzi baxhoba le-cybercrime. Ezi ziphumo kukuba kutheni iinkampani ezininzi nemibutho zifuna abasebenzi babo ukuba batshintshe iiphasiwedi zabo rhoqo. Izakhono zobuchwepheshe obungaphantsi kunye nokungabikho kolwazi lwe-intanethi kuye kwadibaniswa ne-cyber-victim. Ezi zixhoba zixhoba zikhokelela ekuphumeleleni kwezenzo ezinjenge-phishing kunye nobunjineli bezentlalo. Ama-Cybercriminals athuthe ngaphaya kwee-imeyile ze-'Nigerian Prince 'ezilula (nangona sonke sisazifumana) kwiimeyile eziphantse zichazwe imilayezo enye eya kufumana kwiibhanki okanye kwiikhampani zekhadi lesikweletu. Abaxhasi baxhomekeke ekungenakwenzeka kwabasetyhini ukuba bafumane umyalezo oyinyumba kwaye baxhaphaze le 'ntsholongwane yabantu'.
03 we 05
I-Cybercrimlogisting Counsel for Readers.com
About.com : "Yiyiphi ingcebiso onayo yokuba abantu basebenzise ngokukhuselekileyo imidiya yoluntu kwaye bathathe inxaxheba kwinkcubeko ye-intanethi?"
Prof. Nedelec:
Ndihlala ndijongana nezicwangciso ze-intanethi ezikhuselekileyo kunye nabafundi bam ngokubenza bacinge ngendlela i-intanethi eya kuba ngayo ukuba 'ubomi boqobo'. Ndibabuza ukuba ngaba baya kucinga ukuba bembethe i-t shirt echaza ngokucacileyo into ebandlululo okanye abantu abesilisa nabesilisa okanye i-sexist kwihlabathi lonke ukuba babone, okanye ukuba baya kusebenzisa intlangano '1234' emnyango wabo wesikwere, i-lock lock kunye nefowuni phakathi eminye imibuzo enxulumene nokuziphatha kwe-intanethi ngeengxaki. Impendulo yale mibuzo ihlala isithi "Hayi, akunjalo!". Kodwa uphando lubonisa ukuba abantu bazibandakanya kwezi ntlobo zokuziphatha kwi-intanethi lonke ixesha.
Ukucinga ngokuziphatha kwe-intanethi njengendlela yokuziphatha kwangempela-kubomi kunceda ukunqanda ukunyanzelisa ukungaziwa kwi-intanethi kwaye ukuqonda kwakhona imiphumo yesikhathi eside yokuthumela izinto ezinokulimaza kwi-intanethi. Ngokweephasiwedi eziqinileyo, iingcali zokhuseleko lwedijithali zincoma ukusetyenziswa kwabaphathi bephasiwedi kunye nokuqinisekiswa okuzinyathelo ezimbini kwi-akhawunti ye-intanethi. Ukwazisa okongeziweyo ngamacacisa asetyenziswa ngababhali be-cybercriminals kubalulekile. Ngokomzekelo, abasandul 'i-cybercriminals baye bajolisa ekufakela ukubuyiswa kweerhafu zobuxoki ngeenombolo zokhuseleko loluntu. Enye indlela yokuphepha ukuba yixhoba lala maqhinga kukudala i-akhawunti kwikhasi lewebhu le-IRS. Ezinye iindlela zokuphepha ukuxhatshazwa kwe-cyber zibandakanya ukunyamekela ngokubeka iliso kwi-akhawunti yakho yebhanki kunye nekhadi lekhredithi okanye ngokucelwa ngentshiseko okanye xa ukwaziswa xa kuthengwa. Ngokubhekiselele kuma-imeyili obugebengu bokuphanga kunye neenkcukacha ezifanayo, amaninzi eebhanki kunye neenkampani zekhadi zekhredithi aziyi kuthumela ii-imeyile ngekhonkco ezifakiwe, kunye nabanye abasebenzisi bemiyalezo kufuneka bajonge ukubona apho ikhonkco kwi-imeyile ihamba (okt, i-URL) ngaphambi kokuchofoza kuyo . Ekugqibeleni, njengezinye zeenkcaso ezindala ezingenanto ukuyenza nge-intanethi, i-adage yakudala "Ukuba kubonakala ngathi kunzima ukuba yinyani, mhlawumbi" ihambelana nokukhwabanisa kwi-Intanethi kunye nobuqhetseba (kubandakanywa ukukhwabanisa imiyalezo). Ukugcina ukungaqiniseki ngokusemgangathweni xa ukujonga ulwazi kwi-intanethi isicwangciso esiqingqiweyo sokuqesha. Ukwenza njalo kuya kuthintela abaxhasi be-cybercriminals ukuba baxhaphaze isixhumanisi esibuthakathaka kunokhuseleko lwe-digital: abantu.
04 we 05
Kutheni Uhlolisisa I-Cybercrime?
About.com : "Prof. Nedelec, xelela malunga nophando lwakho lwe-cybercrime kunye nensimu. Kutheni kunomdla kuwe?
Prof. Nedelec:
Umdla wam oyintloko njenge-criminologist i-biosocial ukuhlola iindlela ezahlukahlukeneyo ezinokuchaphazela ukuziphatha kwabantu, kubandakanywa nokuziphatha kakubi. Uphando lwam kwi-cybercrime luqhutywa ngumdla ofanayo: kutheni abanye abantu banokungena kwi-cybercrime okanye bahlukunyezwa yi-cybercrime? Uninzi lweengcali zijonge nje kwicala lobuchwepheshe balo mbandela kodwa uphando oluninzi luqala ukugxila kwicala lokuziphatha komntu we-cybercrime.
Njenge-criminologist, ndiye ndaqonda ukuba i-cybercrime ibonisa inkqubo yobulungisa bobugebengu, i-arhente karhulumente (ngaphakathi nakwamanye amazwe), kunye ne-criminology njengoluleko lwemfundo enemiqobo enzima. Imiba enxulumene ne-cybercrime kunye nezokhuseleko zedijithali yinto enomdla ukuba inselele iindlela eziqhelekileyo apho thina njengabantu, ngokwenene njengeentlobo, siye sabambisana nokuziphatha okungahambisani nokuziphatha okanye ukuziphatha kakubi kwixesha elidlulileyo. Iimpawu eziyingqamleko yendawo ebonakalayo kwi-intanethi - njengokungaziwa kunye nokuphazamiseka kwemingcele yeendawo - ziphantse zichasene ngokupheleleyo kwiinkqubo zoluntu zolwaphulo-mthetho kunye neenkqubo. Le mingeni, nangona ixhala, iphinda ibeke ithuba lokudala kunye nokukhula kwezophando, ubudlelwane bamazwe ngamazwe, kunye nokuhlola iimpawu zabantu, kuquka ukuziphatha kwe-inthanethi. Ingxenye yesizathu sokuba ndifumanise le ntsimi enomdla kakhulu yimingeni ekhethekileyo ezayo.
05 we 05
Ukuya Kuphi Ukuba Uyafuna Ukufunda Okungakumbi Ngabantu Abangcwabayo
About.com : "Ziziphi izixhobo kunye neengcebiso ezicebisa abantu abanomdla ekufundeni ngakumbi malunga ne-cyber criminology kunye ne-victimology?"
Prof. Nedelec:
Iiblogi ezinjengeBrian Krebs's krebsonsecurity.com ziindawo ezifanelekileyo kwiingcali kunye namavakala ngokufanayo. Kulabo banamathele emfundo, baninzi inani leengxelo zengxelo ezijongene noontanga ezijongene nohlobo lwe-cyber criminology kunye ne-victimology (umz., International Journal of Cyber ​​Criminology www.cybercrimejournal.com) kwakunye namanqaku athile kumaphephancwadi amaninzi ahlukeneyo. Kukho inani elinyukayo leencwadi ezilungileyo, zombini zezemfundo kunye nezingafundile, ezinxulumene ne-cybercrime kunye nokhuseleko lwedijithali. Ndibafundi bam ukufunda i-Majid Yar ye-Cybercrime kunye noMbutho kunye no-Thomas Holt woLwaphulo-mthetho kwi-intanethi zombini ephakathi kwezemfundo. I-Krebs's Spam Nation ayikho imfundo kwaye ibonakala ngokukhawuleza emva kweembonakalo zokusasazeka kweegaxekile kunye neeprosemm e-intanethi ezingekho mthethweni ezihamba kunye nokuqhuma kwe-imeyile. Iividiyo ezininzi ezinomdla kunye namaxwebhu angabonwa kwiimithombo ezifana ne-TED Talks yekhasi lewebhu (www.ted.com/playlists/10/who_are_the_hackers), i-BBC, kunye neendibano zokuphepha / ze-hacker ezifana ne-DEF CON (www.defcon.org) .