Indlela yokusebenzisa Ubuntu ukuKongeza Umsebenzisi kubathandi

Umyalelo wesondlo usetyenziselwa ukuphakamisa iimvume zakho zomyalelo omnye we-Linux.

Ungasebenzisa umyalelo we-sudo ukuqhuba umyalelo njengalowo nawuphi na umsebenzisi nangona usetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ukuqhuba umyalelo njengomsebenzisi wengcambu.

01 ngo 08

Yintoni uSudo kunye Noluphi Uluhlu lweeSudo?

Ukuba unabasebenzisi abaninzi kwikhompyutheni yakho kwaye mhlawumbi ungafuni ukuba bonke abasebenzisi babe ngabalawuli kuba abalawuli banokwenza izinto ezifana nokufaka kunye nokukhipha isofthiwe kunye nokutshintsha izicwangciso zesistim.

Ukukubonisa umzekelo wesondlo sudo ekusebenziseni uvule iwindow yokugcina kwaye usebenzise umyalelo olandelayo:

ukufumana ngokufanelekileyo ukufaka ifowuni

Isigijimi esifanelekileyo siya kubuyiselwa:

E: Ayikwazanga ukuvula ifayile yelokhi / var / lib / dpkg / lock-open (13: Imvume enqatshiwe)
E: Ayikwazi ukukhiya i-directory yolawulo (/ var / lib / dpkg /), ingcambu?

Amanqaku aphambili ekubhaliweyo ngamagama athi "Imvume enqatshiwe" kwaye "Ngaba uyingcambu?".

Ngoku uzame umyalelo ofanayo kwakhona kodwa ngeli xesha ubeke igama sudo phambi kwalo ngolu hlobo:

I-sudo ifumaneka-fake ifowuni yokufaka

Uya kucelwa ukuba ufake iphasiwedi yakho.

Isicelo se-cowows singasifakelwa ngoku.

Qaphela: I-Cowsay isisicelo esincinci esincinci esivumela ukuba ufake umyalezo othethwa njengebhola yentetho ngeenkomo ze-ascii.

Xa uqala ukufaka Ubuntu wawusekwe ngokuzenzekelayo njengomlawuli kwaye ngoko ke wongezwa ngokuzenzekelayo kwinto eyaziwayo njengoluhlu lwabathandwayo.

Uluhlu lwabathandi luqulethe amagama azo zonke iakhawunti ezilungele ukusebenzisa umyalelo wesudo.

Ubulumko bokuba ngu-sudo kukuba ukuba uhamba ngaphandle kwikhompyutheni ngaphandle kokuyivala okokuqala kwaye omnye umntu ugijimela kumatshini wakho akakwazi ukuqhuba imiyalelo yomlawuli kwikhompyutheni kuba afuna iphasiwedi ukuqhuba loo myalelo.

Njalo xa uqhuba umyalelo ofuna amalungelo omlawuli uya kucelwa iphasiwedi yakho. Oku kuyilungele ukhuseleko.

02 ngo 08

Yintoni eyenzekayo Ukuba awunayo i-Sudo Izimvume?

Akuyena wonke umsebenzisi kwikhompyutheni uya kuba neemvume zomlawuli kwaye ngoko abayi kuba yinxalenye yoluhlu lwabathandwayo.

Xa umntu ongekho kwiluhlu lwabathandwayo uzama ukuqhuba umyalelo nge-sudo baya kufumana umyalezo olandelayo:

Umsebenzisi akakho kwifayili yothando. Esi siganeko siya kubikwa

Oku kuphinda kukhange. Ukuba umsebenzisi akanalo imvume yokufaka isofthiwe okanye enze nayiphi na enye umyalelo ofuna amalungelo omlawuli ngoko akakwazi ukukwenza kwaye yintoni eyona nto ayilinga ngayo.

03 we-08

Ngaba i-Sudo Izimvume zichaphazela kuphela umgca wokulawula?

Amalungelo amathandathu ayithinteli nje kuphela kwizenzo zomgca womyalelo. Yonke into e-Ubuntu ilawulwa yimiqathango efanayo yokhuseleko.

Ngokomzekelo, emfanekisweni uza kubona ukuba umsebenzisi wangoku ngu Tom onomsebenzisi osemgangathweni. UTom ulayishe ithuluzi le-Ubuntu Software kwaye uzama ukufaka ipakethi yepeyinti.

Ifayile yephasiwedi ibonakala kwaye uTom ufuna ukufaka iphasiwedi yomsebenzisi womlawuli. Umsebenzisi kuphela olawulayo nguGary.

Ngeli xesha, uTom unokuzama ukuqikelela iphasiwedi yeGary kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo akafumanekanga kwaye akakwazi ukwenza izinto akufanele akwazi ukuzenza.

04 we-08

Indlela yokwenza uMsebenzisi uMlawuli

Ezinye izikhokelo ezininzi kwi-intanethi zibonisa indlela yokusebenzisa umgca wemiyalelo yokongeza umsebenzisi kwifayili yothando kodwa lo Ubuntu kwaye kukho isicelo esilungileyo sokulawula abasebenzisi abakhelwe kuyo.

Ukulawula abasebenzisi kwi-Ubuntu cindezela uphawu oluphezulu kwiLunitunner Unity okanye cofa iqhosha elingaphezulu kwikhibhodi.

Qaphela: I-key ephezulu yinto ekhethekileyo kwikhibhodi yakho. Kwiindawo ezininzi zee-laptops kunye nekhompyutheni yekhompyutha le yitshixo kunye ne-logo ye-Windows kuyo kwaye icaleni kwinqhosha le-Alt

Xa i-Unity Dash ibonakala uhlobo "Abasebenzisi".

Ikhonkco iya kubonakala ngomfanekiso wabantu aba-2 kuyo kwaye umbhalo uya kuthi "Ama-Akhawunti yomsebenzisi". Cofa kule icon.

Ngokungagqibekanga, uya kukwazi ukujonga abasebenzisi kwindlela kwaye ungatshintshi nantoni na. Enye yezo zixhobo ezikhuselekileyo zokukhusela.

Khawucinge nje ngokuba umlawuli uye wahamba esuka kwikhompyutheni kwaye omnye umntu uyazulazula aze enze isigqibo sokuzongeza njengomsebenzisi. Abakwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kwephasiwedi yakho.

Ukuze ulungise nayiphi na iinkcukacha zomsebenzisi kufuneka uvula i-interface. Cofa kwi-"vula" uphawu kwicala eliphezulu eliphezulu lefestile echazwe yiprock kwaye ufake iphasiwedi yakho.

Kukho ezimbini iintlobo zabasebenzisi ngaphakathi Ubuntu:

• Abalawuli
• Abasebenzisi abanzi

Abasebenzisi abamiselwe njengabalawuli bancediswa kwifayili yothando kunye nabasebenzisi abaqhelekileyo abangekho.

Ngako oko ukongeza umsebenzisi kwifayili yefayile ucofe kumagama athi "umsebenzisi oqhelekileyo" eduze kwamagama athi "uhlobo lweakhawunti" kwaye xa uluhlu lokuhlalisa luvela lukhetha umlawuli.

Umsebenzisi makangokungena ngemvume kwi-Ubuntu kwaye ungene ngemvume kwaye ngoku baya kukwazi ukusebenzisa umyalelo wesudo kunye nokutshintsha izicwangciso zenkqubo kunye nokufaka isofthiwe usebenzisa i-Ubuntu Software ithuluzi.

Kubalulekile: emva kokutshintsha nantoni na kwibhokisi yencoko yomsebenzisi qhosha uphawu lwefowuni kwakhona ukhiye isikrini.

05 ka 08

Indlela yokuKhupha amalungelo aMlawuli kuMsebenzisi

Ukususa amalungelo omlawuli womsebenzisi utshintshe uhlobo lwe-akhawunti ukusuka kumlawuli ukuya kumgangatho.

Oku kusebenza ngokukhawuleza kwaye umsebenzisi akanako ukwenza nayiphi na inyathelo ephakamileyo ngokukhawuleza utshintshe uhlobo lwayo lwe-akhawunti ukuya kumgangatho.

06 we-08

Indlela yokongeza Umsebenzisi kwiFayile yamaFayili usebenzisa iLawulo lokuLawula

Ngokuqinisekileyo ungasebenzisa umgca womyalelo ukongeza umsebenzisi kwifayili yothando kunye nokufunda imiyalelo elandelayo uya kuqonda ukuba ungayenza njani nakwezinye i-Linux ukusasazwa.

Naliphi na umsebenzisi ongoko "sudo" iqela liya kuba neemvume zokuqhuba umyalelo we-sudo ngoko konke okufuneka uyenze ukuqinisekisa ukuba umsebenzisi weli qela.

Ngoko wenza ntoni ukwenza loo nto? Zilandela nje amanyathelo:

1. Vula ifowuni yokuphela ngokucindezela i-ALT kunye ne-T
2. Uhlobo lwamaqela (tshintsha negama lomsebenzisi onqwenela ukuzongeza kubathandani, ngokomzekelo amaqela amatamatisi )
3. Uluhlu lwamacandelo kufuneka lubuyiselwe. Ukuba umsebenzisi sele sele enelungelo lokubonisa uthando, iqela le-sudo liya kuvela, ukuba akunjalo ke kufuneka udibanise.
4. Ukongeza umsebenzisi kumathandisi udidi lwe- sudo gpasswd -a sudo (kwakhona fakela kunye nomsebenzisi onqwenela ukuzongeza kubathandi,
   umzekelo sudo gpasswd-tom )

Ukuba umsebenzisi okwangoku ungene ngemvume kufuneka angene ngemvume aze angene kwakhona ukuze aqinisekise ukuba banelungelo elipheleleyo lolawulo kunye nomlawuli.

Qaphela: Umyalelo we-gpasswd ungasetyenziswa ukulawula amaqela ngaphakathi kwe-Linux

07 ka 08

Indlela yokususa umsebenzisi ukusuka kwiFayile yoThando usebenzisa Ilayini lomyalelo

Ukususa umsebenzisi kwifayili yothando ngokusebenzisa umgca womyalelo landela la manyathelo:

1. Vula ifowuni yokugcina
2. Uhlobo lwamaqela (Faka igama lomsebenzisi> kunye nomsebenzisi ofuna ukukususa kwifayili yothando)
3. Ukuba uluhlu olubuyiselweyo alubonisi "sudo" njengeqela kwaye akudingeki wenze nantoni enye ngaphandle koko uqhube phambili ukunyathela i-4
4. Thayipha sudo gpasswd -d sudo (Faka igama lomsebenzisi> kunye nomsebenzisi ofuna ukukususa kwifayili yothando)

Umsebenzisi akayi kuphinda asebenze nayiphi na umyalelo ngamalungelo aphakamileyo.

08 ka 08

Indlela yokufumanisa Ngubani owazama ukusebenzisa iSudo ngaphandle kwemvume

Xa umsebenzisi uzama ukuqhuba umyalelo we-sudo ngaphandle kwemvume ye-sudo umyalezo wephutha uthi inzame iya kungena.

Ngona ziphi na iimpazamo ezifakiwe? Kwi-Ubuntu (kunye nezinye iinkqubo ze-Debian) iiposiso zithunyelwa kwifayile ebizwa /var/log/auth.log.

Kwezinye iinkqubo ezifana ne-Fedora ne-CentOS iimpazamo zangena kwi / var / log / zikhuselekile.

Kwi Ubuntu ungayijonga impazamo yephutha ngokuthayipha enye yale miyalelo elandelayo:

ikati /var /log/auth.log | Kaninzi

umsila /var/log/auth.log | Kaninzi

Umyalelo wekati ubonisa yonke ifayile kwiskrini kwaye umyalelo owodwa uza kubonisa ukuveliswa kwekhasi ngexesha.

Umyalelo womsila ubonisa imida embalwa yokugqibela yefayili kwaye kwakhona umyalelo owodwa uza kubonisa ukuveliswa kwekhasi ngexesha.

KwiBuntu nangona kukho indlela elula yokujonga ifayile:

1. Cofa kwi icon ephezulu kwi-launcher okanye cinezela ukhiye ophezulu.
2. Thayipha "Ngena" kwi-bar yokukhangela
3. Xa i-system.log icon ibonakala qhosha kuyo
4. Cofa kwi "auto.log" inketho
5. Skrolela phantsi ukuya ezantsi ukuze ubone ukungaphumeleli kwangoko okanye ukubona ukungaphumeleli kwamhlanje ukunyusa ukhetho lwe-auto.log ngokuchofoza kuso kwaye nqakraza "namhlanje".