Indlela yokulawula amaGpasswd

Esi sikhokelo sikhombisa indlela yokulawula amaqela usebenzisa umyalelo we-gpasswd. Ifayili nganye kunye nefolda ngaphakathi kwe-Linux zinemvume yomsebenzisi, iqela kunye neemvume. Ngokulawula umntu onokufikelela kwiqela unokulawula oko kwenzekayo kwiifayile kunye neefolda kwindlela yakho ngaphandle kokubeka iimvume zomsebenzisi ngamnye.

I-Bit Bit About Permissions

Vula isigxina kwaye ngaphakathi kwifolda yakho yekhaya yakha ifolda ebizwa ngokuba yi-akhawunti usebenzisa umyalelo we-mkdir ngale ndlela:

akhawunti ye mkdir

Ngoku ugijime umyalelo we-ls olandelayo oza kukubonisa iimvume zefolda oye wadala.

ls -t

Uza kubona into enje:

drwxr-xr-x 2 lakho igama lakho igama lakho 4096 idethi

Iimpawu esinomdla kuzo ziimvume ezikumzekelo ongentla apha "drwxr-xr-x". Sinomdla nakwii-2 "zegama" zexabiso.

Masithethe ngeemvume kuqala. I "d" imele ulawulo kwaye isitshele ukuba i-akhawunti yincwadi.

Zonke ezinye iimvume ziyahlula zibe ngamacandelo amathathu: "rwx", "rx", "rx". Icandelo lokuqala labalingisi be-3 yiimvume ezinikezelwe ngumnikazi wento. Icandelo lesibini labalinganiswa be-3 yiimvume ukuba nabani na beliqela kwaye ekugqibeleni, icandelo lokugqibela liyimvume elowo wonke umntu analo.

"R" imele "ukufunda", "w" imele "bhala" kwaye "x" imele "yenze".

Ngako oko kumzekelo ongentla umnikazi uye wafunda, wabhala waza wenza iimvume zefolda zeakhawunti ngelixa iqela kunye nabanye abantu baye bafunda kwaye baqhuba iimvume.

Ngokomzekelo, "igama lakho" lokuqala ngumnini wento kwaye yesibini "igama lakho" liqela eliphambili kwiifolda zeakhawunti.

Ukwenza isi sikhokelo sisebenzise ngakumbi idibanisa ii-akhawunti ezininzi kwiinkqubo zakho usebenzisa le miyalelo ye-adduser elandelayo:

sudo adduser tim sudo adduser tom

Uya kucelwa ukuba usethe iphasiwedi ngamnye kwaye ufaka olunye ulwazi. Ungakwazi ukuhamba kunye nephasiwedi uze uphinde ubuye kuwo onke amasimi.

Ngoku ukuba unama-akhawunti amathathu uqhuba le myalelo elandelayo ukutshintsha umnini wefayili yakho ye-akhawunti.

sudo chown tom akhawunti

Ngoku ugijime umyalelo we-ls kwakhona.

ls -t

Iimvume ziya kuba zilandelayo:

idrwxr-xr-x tom yakho igama

Uyakwazi ukuhamba kwiifolda ze-akhawunti usebenzisa umyalelo we-cd ngolu hlobo:

cd akhawunti

Ngoku uzama ukudala ifayile usebenzisa umyalelo olandelayo:

vavanyo lokuthintela

Uya kufumana le mpazamo elandelayo:

Ukuthintela: akunakuchukumisa 'uvavanyo': Imvume iphihliwe

Isizathu salokhu kukuba uTom ungumnikazi kwaye ufunde, ubhale kwaye uyenze iimvume kodwa uyingxenye yeqela kwaye unemvume yeqela kuphela.

Hamba ubuyele kwifolda yekhaya kwaye utshintshe iimvume zee-akhawunti ngokuthayipha imiyalelo elandelayo:

cd .. sudo chmod 750 akhawunti

Ngoku ugijime umyalelo we-ls kwakhona:

ls -t

Iimvume zefowuni ze-akhawunti ziza kuba zilandelayo:

drwxr-x ---

Oku kuthetha ukuba umnini ugcwele, iimvume, abasebenzisi ngeqela "igama lakho" liya kufunda nokuqhuba iimvume kwaye bonke abantu abayi kuba namvume.

Yizame. Hamba kwiifolda ze-akhawunti uze usebenze umyalelo wokuthinta kwakhona:

cd akhawunti yovavanyo lokuthintela

Usenayo imvume yokuhamba kwiifolda kodwa ungenayo imvume yokudala iifayile. Ukuba unomsebenzisi oqhelekileyo awukwazi ukufikelela kwiifolda zeakhawunti.

Ukuzama oku kutshintshela kumsebenzisi weTim kwaye uhambe kwiifolda ze-akhawunti ngale ndlela:

i - cd / ikhaya / igama lakho / i-akhawunti

Uya kufumana impazamo evunyelwe impazamo.

Ngoko ke kutheni usebenzisa iimvume zeqela kwaye ungasethi imvume nganye ngabasebenzisi bonke? Ukuba unesebe leakhawunti kufuneka ukuba ube nokufikelela kwiipredishithi ezithile kunye namaxwebhu kodwa akukho mntu kwenye inkampani kufuneka abeke ukubeka iimvume kubo bonke abantu kwi-akhawunti. Ungafaka iimvume zefolda kwiqela elibizwa ngokuba yi-akhawunti kwaye ungeze abasebenzisi kwiqela.

Kutheni oku kungcono kunokubeka iimvume zomsebenzisi ngamnye? Ukuba umsebenzisi ushiya isebe unokwazi ukususa kubo kwiqela ngokuchasene nokusebenza iimvume zabo kwinqanaba leefolda.

Indlela Yokudala Iqela

Ungasebenzisa umyalelo olandelayo ukudala iqela:

akhawunti ye-sudo addgroup

Indlela yokongeza Umsebenzisi kwiqela

sudo gpasswd -i-akhawunti yomsebenzisi

Umyalelo ongentla ungasetyenziselwa ukongeza omnye umsebenzisi kwiqela leakhawunti.

Ukongeza uluhlu lwabasebenzisi njengamalungu eqela lisebenza lo myalelo olandelayo:

sudo gpassword-lakho igama lakho, i-tom, i-tim akhawunti

Xa umsebenzisi esongezwe kwi-akhawunti umsebenzisi angayongeza iqela eluhlu lwabo lwamaqela asekondari ngokusebenzisa umyalelo olandelayo:

akhawunti entsha

Nawuphi na umsebenzisi ongekho kwiqela uya kucelwa ukuba angene kwiphasiwedi yegama.

Indlela yokutshintsha iqela eliphambili kwiFolda

Ngoku ukuba sinamaqela anomsebenzisi unokwabela elo qela kwiifolda ze-akhawunti usebenzisa umyalelo we-chgrp olandelayo:

akhawunti ze-akhawunti ze-sgrp

Iingxelo zokuqala ligama leqela kwaye i-akhawunti ye sibini igama lolawulo.

Indlela Yokujonga Ukuba Umsebenzisi Unalo Iqela

Ungahlola ukuba umsebenzisi ungowamaqela ngokusebenzisa umyalelo olandelayo:

maqela

Oku kuza kubuyela uluhlu lwamacandelo anomsebenzisi.

Indlela yokutshintsha iphasiwedi yeqela

Ukutshintsha iphasiwedi yeqela ungasebenzisa umyalelo olandelayo:

sudo gpasswd

Uyacelwa ukuba ufake iphasiwedi yeqela kwaye uliphinda.

Ngoku ungongeza abasebenzisi kwiqela ngendlela echazwe ngasentla okanye umsebenzisi omtsha unokujoyina iqela ngokumisela umyalelo olandelayo kwaye unikezele iphasiwedi echanekileyo:

entshagrp

Ngokucacileyo, awufuni ukunika igama lakho iphasiwedi kunoma ubani ke kungcono ukongeza umsebenzisi kwiqela ngokwakho.

Indlela Yokunqanda Amaqela Kuphela Amalungu Acacileyo

Ukuba awufuni nantoni na owaziyo iphasiwedi ukujoyina iqela ungayisebenzisa umyalelo olandelayo:

sudo gpasswd -R

Misela Umsebenzisi Njengomlawuli

Ungasetha abasebenzisi njengabalawuli beqela. Oku kuvumela umsebenzisi ukuba angeze kwaye asuse abasebenzisi beqela elithile kunye nokutshintsha iphasiwedi

Ukwenza oku kuqhuba umyalelo olandelayo:

sudo gpasswd -I-akhawunti yet tom

Indlela yokuKhuphela iphasiwedi yeqela

Ungasusa iphasiwedi ukusuka kwiqela ngokusebenzisa umyalelo olandelayo:

sudo gpasswd -r akhawunti

Indlela yokususa Umsebenzisi kwiqela

Ukususa umsebenzisi kwiqela lilawula umyalelo olandelayo:

sudo gpassword -d tom akhawunti

Indlela Yokunika Iqela, Funda, Uze Ufeze Imvume Kwifayili okanye Ifolda

Kuze kube ngoku abasebenzisi ngaphakathi kweqela leakhawunti banokufikelela kwiifolda zeakhawunti kodwa banokwenene nantoni na ngenxa yokuba baye bafunda nokuqhuba iimvume.

Ukubonelela ngeemvume zokubhala kwiqela onokuwusebenzisa umyalelo olandelayo:

sudo chmod g + w akhawunti

Isishwankathelo

Esi sikhokelo senze imiyalelo embalwa kukukunceda ukusetha iimvume kwi-Linux system yakho. Ungasebenzisa kwakhona umyalelo we-useradd ukusetha abasebenzisi kunye nabasebenzisi beqela.