Esi sikhokelo sikhombisa indlela yokulawula amaqela usebenzisa umyalelo we-gpasswd. Ifayili nganye kunye nefolda ngaphakathi kwe-Linux zinemvume yomsebenzisi, iqela kunye neemvume. Ngokulawula umntu onokufikelela kwiqela unokulawula oko kwenzekayo kwiifayile kunye neefolda kwindlela yakho ngaphandle kokubeka iimvume zomsebenzisi ngamnye.
I-Bit Bit About Permissions
Vula isigxina kwaye ngaphakathi kwifolda yakho yekhaya yakha ifolda ebizwa ngokuba yi-akhawunti usebenzisa umyalelo we-mkdir ngale ndlela:
akhawunti ye mkdirNgoku ugijime umyalelo we-ls olandelayo oza kukubonisa iimvume zefolda oye wadala.
ls -tUza kubona into enje:
drwxr-xr-x 2 lakho igama lakho igama lakho 4096 idethiIimpawu esinomdla kuzo ziimvume ezikumzekelo ongentla apha "drwxr-xr-x". Sinomdla nakwii-2 "zegama" zexabiso.
Masithethe ngeemvume kuqala. I "d" imele ulawulo kwaye isitshele ukuba i-akhawunti yincwadi.
Zonke ezinye iimvume ziyahlula zibe ngamacandelo amathathu: "rwx", "rx", "rx". Icandelo lokuqala labalingisi be-3 yiimvume ezinikezelwe ngumnikazi wento. Icandelo lesibini labalinganiswa be-3 yiimvume ukuba nabani na beliqela kwaye ekugqibeleni, icandelo lokugqibela liyimvume elowo wonke umntu analo.
"R" imele "ukufunda", "w" imele "bhala" kwaye "x" imele "yenze".
Ngako oko kumzekelo ongentla umnikazi uye wafunda, wabhala waza wenza iimvume zefolda zeakhawunti ngelixa iqela kunye nabanye abantu baye bafunda kwaye baqhuba iimvume.
Ngokomzekelo, "igama lakho" lokuqala ngumnini wento kwaye yesibini "igama lakho" liqela eliphambili kwiifolda zeakhawunti.
Ukwenza isi sikhokelo sisebenzise ngakumbi idibanisa ii-akhawunti ezininzi kwiinkqubo zakho usebenzisa le miyalelo ye-adduser elandelayo:
sudo adduser tim sudo adduser tomUya kucelwa ukuba usethe iphasiwedi ngamnye kwaye ufaka olunye ulwazi. Ungakwazi ukuhamba kunye nephasiwedi uze uphinde ubuye kuwo onke amasimi.
Ngoku ukuba unama-akhawunti amathathu uqhuba le myalelo elandelayo ukutshintsha umnini wefayili yakho ye-akhawunti.
sudo chown tom akhawuntiNgoku ugijime umyalelo we-ls kwakhona.
ls -tIimvume ziya kuba zilandelayo:
idrwxr-xr-x tom yakho igamaUyakwazi ukuhamba kwiifolda ze-akhawunti usebenzisa umyalelo we-cd ngolu hlobo:
cd akhawuntiNgoku uzama ukudala ifayile usebenzisa umyalelo olandelayo:
vavanyo lokuthintelaUya kufumana le mpazamo elandelayo:
Ukuthintela: akunakuchukumisa 'uvavanyo': Imvume iphihliweIsizathu salokhu kukuba uTom ungumnikazi kwaye ufunde, ubhale kwaye uyenze iimvume kodwa uyingxenye yeqela kwaye unemvume yeqela kuphela.
Hamba ubuyele kwifolda yekhaya kwaye utshintshe iimvume zee-akhawunti ngokuthayipha imiyalelo elandelayo:
cd .. sudo chmod 750 akhawuntiNgoku ugijime umyalelo we-ls kwakhona:
ls -tIimvume zefowuni ze-akhawunti ziza kuba zilandelayo:
drwxr-x ---Oku kuthetha ukuba umnini ugcwele, iimvume, abasebenzisi ngeqela "igama lakho" liya kufunda nokuqhuba iimvume kwaye bonke abantu abayi kuba namvume.
Yizame. Hamba kwiifolda ze-akhawunti uze usebenze umyalelo wokuthinta kwakhona:
cd akhawunti yovavanyo lokuthintelaUsenayo imvume yokuhamba kwiifolda kodwa ungenayo imvume yokudala iifayile. Ukuba unomsebenzisi oqhelekileyo awukwazi ukufikelela kwiifolda zeakhawunti.
Ukuzama oku kutshintshela kumsebenzisi weTim kwaye uhambe kwiifolda ze-akhawunti ngale ndlela:
i - cd / ikhaya / igama lakho / i-akhawuntiUya kufumana impazamo evunyelwe impazamo.
Ngoko ke kutheni usebenzisa iimvume zeqela kwaye ungasethi imvume nganye ngabasebenzisi bonke? Ukuba unesebe leakhawunti kufuneka ukuba ube nokufikelela kwiipredishithi ezithile kunye namaxwebhu kodwa akukho mntu kwenye inkampani kufuneka abeke ukubeka iimvume kubo bonke abantu kwi-akhawunti. Ungafaka iimvume zefolda kwiqela elibizwa ngokuba yi-akhawunti kwaye ungeze abasebenzisi kwiqela.
Kutheni oku kungcono kunokubeka iimvume zomsebenzisi ngamnye? Ukuba umsebenzisi ushiya isebe unokwazi ukususa kubo kwiqela ngokuchasene nokusebenza iimvume zabo kwinqanaba leefolda.
Indlela Yokudala Iqela
Ungasebenzisa umyalelo olandelayo ukudala iqela:
akhawunti ye-sudo addgroupIndlela yokongeza Umsebenzisi kwiqela
sudo gpasswd -i-akhawunti yomsebenzisiUmyalelo ongentla ungasetyenziselwa ukongeza omnye umsebenzisi kwiqela leakhawunti.
Ukongeza uluhlu lwabasebenzisi njengamalungu eqela lisebenza lo myalelo olandelayo:
sudo gpassword-lakho igama lakho, i-tom, i-tim akhawuntiXa umsebenzisi esongezwe kwi-akhawunti umsebenzisi angayongeza iqela eluhlu lwabo lwamaqela asekondari ngokusebenzisa umyalelo olandelayo:
akhawunti entshaNawuphi na umsebenzisi ongekho kwiqela uya kucelwa ukuba angene kwiphasiwedi yegama.
Indlela yokutshintsha iqela eliphambili kwiFolda
Ngoku ukuba sinamaqela anomsebenzisi unokwabela elo qela kwiifolda ze-akhawunti usebenzisa umyalelo we-chgrp olandelayo:
akhawunti ze-akhawunti ze-sgrpIingxelo zokuqala ligama leqela kwaye i-akhawunti ye sibini igama lolawulo.
Indlela Yokujonga Ukuba Umsebenzisi Unalo Iqela
Ungahlola ukuba umsebenzisi ungowamaqela ngokusebenzisa umyalelo olandelayo:
maqelaOku kuza kubuyela uluhlu lwamacandelo anomsebenzisi.
Indlela yokutshintsha iphasiwedi yeqela
Ukutshintsha iphasiwedi yeqela ungasebenzisa umyalelo olandelayo:
sudo gpasswdUyacelwa ukuba ufake iphasiwedi yeqela kwaye uliphinda.
Ngoku ungongeza abasebenzisi kwiqela ngendlela echazwe ngasentla okanye umsebenzisi omtsha unokujoyina iqela ngokumisela umyalelo olandelayo kwaye unikezele iphasiwedi echanekileyo:
entshagrpNgokucacileyo, awufuni ukunika igama lakho iphasiwedi kunoma ubani ke kungcono ukongeza umsebenzisi kwiqela ngokwakho.
Indlela Yokunqanda Amaqela Kuphela Amalungu Acacileyo
Ukuba awufuni nantoni na owaziyo iphasiwedi ukujoyina iqela ungayisebenzisa umyalelo olandelayo:
sudo gpasswd -RMisela Umsebenzisi Njengomlawuli
Ungasetha abasebenzisi njengabalawuli beqela. Oku kuvumela umsebenzisi ukuba angeze kwaye asuse abasebenzisi beqela elithile kunye nokutshintsha iphasiwedi
Ukwenza oku kuqhuba umyalelo olandelayo:
sudo gpasswd -I-akhawunti yet tomIndlela yokuKhuphela iphasiwedi yeqela
Ungasusa iphasiwedi ukusuka kwiqela ngokusebenzisa umyalelo olandelayo:
sudo gpasswd -r akhawuntiIndlela yokususa Umsebenzisi kwiqela
Ukususa umsebenzisi kwiqela lilawula umyalelo olandelayo:
sudo gpassword -d tom akhawuntiIndlela Yokunika Iqela, Funda, Uze Ufeze Imvume Kwifayili okanye Ifolda
Kuze kube ngoku abasebenzisi ngaphakathi kweqela leakhawunti banokufikelela kwiifolda zeakhawunti kodwa banokwenene nantoni na ngenxa yokuba baye bafunda nokuqhuba iimvume.
Ukubonelela ngeemvume zokubhala kwiqela onokuwusebenzisa umyalelo olandelayo:
sudo chmod g + w akhawuntiIsishwankathelo
Esi sikhokelo senze imiyalelo embalwa kukukunceda ukusetha iimvume kwi-Linux system yakho. Ungasebenzisa kwakhona umyalelo we-useradd ukusetha abasebenzisi kunye nabasebenzisi beqela.