I-Protocol Control Message Protocol (ICMP) yinkqubo yenethiwekhi ye- Intanethi ye- intanethi (IP) . I-ICMP idlulisela ulwazi lolawulo malunga nesimo senethiwekhi ngokwalo kunokuba idatha yesicelo. Inethiwekhi ye-IP idinga i-ICMP ukwenzela ukuba isebenze ngokufanelekileyo.
Imiyalezo ye-ICMP yinto ekhethekileyo yomyalezo we-IP ohlukileyo kwi- TCP ne- UDP .
Umzekelo oqaqambileyo wokuthumela imiyalezo ye-ICMP kwindlela esetyenziswayo yi- ping utility, esebenzisa i-ICMP ukujonga iindwendwe ezikude ukuphendula kunye nokulinganisa ixesha elijikelezayo lokujikeleza imilayezo yemiyalezo.
I-ICMP iphinde isekele ezinye izinto ezisetyenziswayo ezinjenge-traceroute ezichonga izixhobo zokuhamba eziphakathi ("hops") endleleni phakathi komthombo onikeziweyo kunye nokuya kuyo.
ICMP Versus ICMPv6
Inkcazo yangaphambili ye-ICMP ixhaswe ngeNethiwekhi ye-Intanethi ye-Intanethi ye-4 (IPv4). I-IPv6 ifaka ifomu ehlaziyiweyo yeprotocol ebizwa ngokuba yi-ICMPv6 ukuyihlula kwi-ICMP yasekuqaleni (ebizwa ngokuba yi-ICMPv4).
Uhlobo lwemiyalezo ye-ICMP kunye neeFomathi zoMyalezo
Imiyalezo ye-ICMP ithwala idatha ebalulekileyo ekusebenzeni nasekulawuleni inethiwekhi yecomputer. Iingxelo zeprothotho ngeemeko ezinjengezixhobo ezingaphenduliyo, iimpazamo zokuhambisa, kunye nemiba yokudibanisa inethiwekhi.
Njengamanye amaprotolo kwintsapho ye-IP, i-ICMP ichaza intloko yomyalezo. Inhloko iqukethe iinkalo ezine kulandelelwano olulandelayo:
- Udidi (8 bits )
- Ikhowudi (8 bits)
- I-Checksum (ii-16 bits)
- I-ICMP Data (32 bits)
I-ICMP ichaza uluhlu lweentlobo zemiyalezo ethile kwaye lunika inombolo ekhethekileyo nganye.
Njengoko kuboniswe kwitheyibhile elingezantsi, i-ICMPv4 kunye ne-ICMPv6 inikeza iintlobo zesigidimi eziqhelekileyo (kodwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngamanani ahlukeneyo) kunye neminye imiyalezo eyahlukileyo nganye. (Iimpawu zomyalezo eziqhelekileyo zingaphinde zitshintshe ngokuziphatha kwazo phakathi kweenguqu ze-IP).
| v4 # | v6 # | Uhlobo | Inkcazo |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 129 | Echo Phendula | Umyalezo uthunyelwe impendulo kwisicelo se-Echo (jonga ngezantsi) |
| 3 | 1 | Indawo engabonakaliyo | Kuthunyelwe impendulo kumyalezo we-IP ungenakulungiswa kuzo naziphi na izizathu ezahlukeneyo. |
| 4 | - | Umthombo wokuCima | I sixhobo singathumela lo myalezo kumthumeli owenza i-traffic engenayo ngezinga eliphezulu kunokuba angacutshungulwa. (Ixhaswe ezinye iindlela.) |
| 5 | 137 | Misela kwakhona uMyalezo | Izixhobo zokuhamba ziyakwenza le ndlela xa zibona utshintsho kwindlela eceliwe yomyalezo we-IP kufuneka ishintshwe. |
| 8 | 128 | Echo Isicelo | Umyalezo othunyelwe yi-ping utilities ukujonga ukuphendula kwecebo elijoliswe kuyo |
| 11 | 3 | Ixesha lidlulileyo | Iirejista zavelisa lo myalezo xa idatha engenayo ifinyelele umda wokubala we "hop". Isetyenziswe ngumzila. |
| 12 | - | Ingxaki yeParameter | Kuveliswe xa ifowuni ifumanisa idatha engonakaliyo okanye ilahlekile kumyalezo we-IP ungenayo. |
| 13, 14 | - | Timestamp (Isicelo, Phendula) | Yenzelwe ukuvumelanisa iwashi zesikhathi phakathi kwezixhobo zombini nge IPv4, (Iphakanyiswe ezinye iindlela ezithembekileyo.) |
| - | 2 | Iphakethe Elikhulu | Iirejista zivelisa lo myalezo xa ufumana umyalezo ongeke uhanjiswe kwindawo oya kuyo ngenxa yokudlula umda wokude. |
Umgaqo-nkqubo uzalisa iCode kunye neenkcukacha zeenkcukacha ze-ICMP kuxhomekeke kwisithuba somyalezo Okhethiweyo ukwabelana ngolwazi olongezelelweyo. Umzekelo, umyalezo ongafihlakeleyo unokungenawo amanqaku ahlukeneyo kwiKhowudi ngokuxhomekeka kwimeko yokungaphumeleli.