Ukulanda ii-MP3s zomculo: Ukwabelana ngeFayili yoThathane

(Kusemgangathweni ngokusemthethweni)

Ukukwabelana ngomculo kwi-intanethi: ezinye iimvumi zithiyile, abanye abaculi bayayithanda. Asemthethweni kwi-USA. Ngokukodwa iCanada yayingenakuqinisekiswa. Kwaye izigidi zabantu zenza njalo imihla, kungakhathaliseki.

I & # 39; ebizwa nge & # 34; Ukwabelana Ngontanga & # 34; (P2P)

Isekelwe ekusebenzisaneni ngokubambisana kwamawaka wabasebenzisi ngabanye. I-P2P isebenza ngokuthatha inxaxheba ngokuzithandela ukufaka isofthiwe esahlukileyo yokwabelana ngefayile kumashishini abo. Emva kokuba iprojekthi yeP2P isendaweni, aba basebenzi baqala ukuthengisa umculo we-MP3 kunye nee-AVI zeengoma ezizithandayo kunye nama-movie. Ulwabiwo lusebenza ngumsebenzisi ngamnye ulwabelana ngamabhitana amaninzi ngexesha. Akukho mrhumo, akukho ndleko ... kuba lula nje ngokuba wenza uphando lweGoogle.

Le ntengiso yefayile, ebizwa ngokuba "ukulayishwa nokukhuphela", iyona yintloko yommandla we-P2P kwi-intanethi Nangona iifayile zivame kakhulu ezinkulu (ukusuka kuma-megabytes ama-5 ukuya kuma-gigabyte ama-5), isofthiwe ye-P2P inokukwenza ukuxhumeka kwakho kwegama lomda kuphumelele ngokukhawuleza. Ngezigidi zabantu, kunokwenzeka ukukhuphela i-CD yomculo wonke phantsi kweyure, kunye ne-movie yonke phantsi kweeyure ezingama-3.

Ingxabano phezu kweP2P

Ingxabano enkulu ingaphezu kwe-copyright kunye nemali: loo mculo kunye nabaculi be-movie bathi bengahlawulwa ngokufanelekileyo xa abasebenzisi begalela iifayile ngaphandle kwemvume yokuvakalisa abavakalisi.

ECanada, iingxoxo zenkundla zenziwe ukuba ziqingatha-zomthetho ... AmaKhanadi angayilanda umculo, kodwa ayiyilayishi, kwaye iziphathimandla ze-CRIA akufanele zivunyelwe ukujonga amagama abasebenzisi be-ISP aba-P2P. Kwezinye iindawo zehlabathi ezifana ne-USA, i-UK, i-Australia kunye ne-Yurophu, abafayili befayile baya kufumana izigwebo zeeklasi, ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngamashumi amawaka eedola. Kwiimeko ezithile zokusongela, oorhulumente baseOstreliya naseBrithani baqeshisa abanye abafayili befayile ekutshutshisweni komqhele. Nangona naphezu kwezi ntshukumo zomthetho zetyala, izigidi zabantu zihlala zithengisa iifayile nganye imihla.

Napster kunye neMbali yeP2P

I-Napster Inc. yenziwa ngo-Meyi ka-1999 nguShawn Fanning (Umntu oPhumeleleyo weCape Magazine Excellence Award woNyaka ka-2000) kunye noSean Parker, umsebenzisane. Inkonzo ephakathi kunye nokwabelana ngezigidi zomculo zomxholo, le ntanethi ye-P2P ye "real-time" yokuthengisa iifayile nayo ifake amagumbi encoko kunye "nomyalezo osheshayo" kunye nomsebenzi "wokunyusa" kwaye wada wabonakala kwi-Download Spotlight ye-Download Download. .

UNapster wayephumelele kakhulu , abasebenzisi abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-70 bajoyina uluntu lwayo. Okumangalisa ngakumbi: uqikelelwa kuma-85% kubo bonke abafundi beekholeji kwihlabathi babeyinxalenye yelo qela, kwaye bakwazi ukukhuphela ii-2.79 billion zeengoma! Olu khuphelayo lokukhupha lukhupha ingqalelo yeega-artists Metallica kunye noDkt. Dre. Abaculi ababini baphikisana ngokurhweba ngentengiso yamahhala yomculo wabo.

NgoDisemba ka-1999, uMbutho weCandelo loRhwebo lokuThengisa iMelika (RIAA) uqalise umgwebo ngokumelene neNapster Inc., ukuyihlawula ngokuphula umthetho wobulungisa (oko kukuthi, ukufaka isandla kunye nokuququzelela abanye ukuphulwa kwelungelo lobulungisa).

NgoFebruwari 2001, ijaji yalawula ukuba uNapster kufuneka ayeke ukuhanjiswa kwezinto zobunikazi ngokusebenzisa inethiwekhi. Iinkampani ezirekhodiweyo zanikezela uluhlu lweengoma ezingaphezu kwama-250,000 zokususwa ngokukhawuleza kwenethiwekhi yeNapster. NgoJulayi 2001, ijaji yathi ku-Napster kufuneka ivalwe zonke iifayile eziphulwa ilungelo lobunikazi, ngokuyimpompoza ukuba zivalwe. I-Napster yahlulwa ngoSeptemba 2002, emva kokuthengiswa kwayo kwe-Bertelsmann AG.

UNapster uye wazalwa ngokutsha ngendlela enamandla kunye ne-tamer njenge "Napster 2.0", ngoku ikwahlukana kweRoxio, Inc. Inc Napster 2.0 iye yahlakulela amalungiselelo omxholo omkhulu kunye neebhalile zokurekhoda ezinkulu. Nangona uzimisele ukuhlawula umrhumo womsebenzisi we-$ 10 USD ngenyanga, unakho ukukhuphela ngokusemthethweni iingoma ezingaphezu kwama-500,000 kuzo zonke izinhlobo zomculo eNapster 2.0. Ngelishwa, i-Napster 2.0 ifumaneka kuphela kubahlali baseMerika, kwaye ayisayikunandipha enkulu emva kweentsuku zayo eziyi-1999-2002.

P2P Namhla

Ezi zixhobo ziye zahlula ukutshutshiswa komthetho kweli nqanaba: I- BitTorrents , iLimewire, i-Gnutella, i-OpenNap, i-KaZaA, i-Morpheus, i-WinMX kunye ne-FastTrack. Ezi zizwe ze-P2P ziphantsi kokusongela izigwebo zomthetho, kodwa izigidi zabasebenzisi zisasebenzisa iinkonzo zabo imihla ngemihla.