IPv6 / IPng icacisiwe
I-IPv6 yinto entsha kunye nephuculweyo yeprotocol ye - IP . Kule nqaku, uya kufunda ukuba yiyiphi i-IP, yiyiphi imingcele yayo, kwaye le nto ibangele njani ekudalweni kwe-IPv6. Kukho nenkcazo emfutshane ye-IPv6.
IP Protocol
I-IP (iProtokholi ye-intanethi) yenye yeenkqubo ezibalulekileyo kunxibelelwano, kubandakanya i-Intanethi. Inoxanduva lokuchonga umatshini ngamnye kwinethwekhi ngedilesi ekhethekileyo (idilesi ye- IP ) kunye nokuhambisa iipakethe zedatha ukusuka kumthombo wazo ukuya kumatshini oya kuyo ngoku kudibanisa. Inguqu yangempela yeprotocol ye-IP esetyenziswayo yi-IPv4 (i-IP version 4).
Imida ye IPv4
Isakhiwo se-IP yangoku (i-IPv4) idilesi ngamanani amane aphakathi kwe-0 no-255, eyahlukana nganye ngamacwecwe. Umzekelo ngu-192.168.66.1; ukususela kwinani ngalinye limelelwe kwibinary by word 8-bit, idilesi ye-IPv4 yenziwe ngamadijithi angama-32 (bits). Inombolo ephezulu ongayenza kunye nama-32 bits ayi-4.3 yezigidigidi (2 iphakanyiswe kumandla 32).
Umatshini ngamnye kwi-intanethi kufuneka abe nedilesi ye-IP eyodwa - akukho mashini asemibini anokufumana idilesi enye. Ngako oko kuthetha ukuba i-Intanethi ingabamba kuphela imishini eyi-4.3 yezigidigidi, eninzi kakhulu. Kodwa kwiintsuku zokuqala ze-IP, ngenxa yokungabikho kombono kunye neyorhwebo ethile, ezininzi iidilesi ze-IP zachithwa. Zathengiswa kwiinkampani, ezisebenzisa ngaphantsi kwazo. Akunakufunwa kwakhona. Abanye abanye baye banqunyulwa kwiinjongo ngaphandle kokusetyenziswa koluntu, njengokwenza uphando, ukusebenzisa i-teknoloji njl njl. Iilesi ezisele ziyehla kwaye, ngokuqwalasela inani lemikhompyutha yomsebenzisi, umbane kunye nezinye izixhobo ezixhunyiwe kwi-intanethi, siya kudala kwii dilesi ze-IP!
Funda ngakumbi: I- Intanethi ye-intanethi , iiAlesi ze-IP , iipakethi , ukuhamba kwe-IP
Ngena IPv6
Oku kwakhokelela ekuphuhlisweni kweprogram entsha ye-IP ebizwa nge-IPv6 (IP version 6), eyaziwa nangokuthi IPng (isizukulwana esitsha se-IP). Uya kucela ukuba kwenzekani kwinguqulelo 5. Hayi, yaveliswa, kodwa yahlala kwisizinda sophando. I-IPv6 yinguqu ekulungele ukuqhutyelwa kwi-Intanethi kwaye yamkelwa ngabantu bonke (kunye naluphi na isidalwa) usebenzisa i-intanethi kunye noonxibelelwano. I-IPv6 ivelisa uphuculo oluninzi, ngokukodwa kwinani loomatshini elingafumaneka kwi-intanethi.
IPv6 ichazwe
Idilesi ye-IPv6 inee-128 bits, ngoko ke ivumela inani leenkwenkwezi zenkampani. Oku kufana nexabiso le-2 eliphakanyisiwe kumandla ali-128, inani elinama-40 angama-zero.
Kufuneka uqale ucinge ngokuphazamiseka kweelesi ezide. Oku kuthethwa nayo-idilesi ye-IPv6 ineemigaqo yokubacinezela. Okokuqala, amanani amelwa kwi-hexadecimal esikhundleni seenombolo zokugqibela. Inani leenqununu manani ukusuka ku-0 ukuya ku-9. Inani leenombolo ze-hexadecimal ziphumo ekuqaliseni iibhakethi kwi-4, ukunika abalinganiswa abalandelayo: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C , D, E, F. Idilesi ye-IPv6 yenziwe ngalaba bantu. Ekubeni ama-bits aqokelelwe kwi-4, kwaye idilesi ye-IPv6 iya kuba neebali ezingama-32. Ede, he? Eyona nto ayinzima kakhulu, ingakumbi kuba kukho iindibano ezikunceda ukunciphisa ubude beekheli le-IPv6 ngokucwangcisa abalinganiswa bokuphindaphinda, umzekelo.
Umzekelo wedilesi ye-IPv6 ngu- fe80 :: 240: d0ff: fe48: 4672 . Lo unabalinganiswa abangama-19 kuphela - kukho ukunyanzeliswa, into ehamba ngaphaya kwelo candelo. Qaphela ukuba umhlukanisi ushintshile ukusuka kwidotshana ukuya kwikoloni.
I-IPv6 ayisombululi kuphela ingxaki yokunciphisa idilesi, kodwa iphinde ivelise ezinye iinguqulelo kumgaqo-nkqubo we-IP, njengokuzimela ngokuzenzekelayo kwi-routers kunye nokukhuseleka kokukhuseleko, phakathi kwabanye.
Utshintsho oluvela kwi-IPv4 ukuya kwi-IPv6
Umhla apho i-IPv4 ingasayi kusebenza khona, kwaye ngoku ukuba i-IPv6 ijikeleze, umngeni omkhulu kunokwenza ushintsho oluvela kwi-IPv4 ukuya kwi-IPv6. Cinga ukuvuselela i-bitumen yendlela phantsi kweendlela ezinkulu. Kukho iingxoxo ezininzi, iimpapasho kunye nomsebenzi wophando oqhubekayo kwaye sinethemba lokuba xa kufika ixesha, utshintsho luya kusebenza kakuhle.
Ngubani owenzayo kwi-Intanethi?
Lo ngumbuzo abantu abaninzi abawuboni, njengoko yonke into ithathwa ngokungenanto. Ngubani ovelisa iinkqubo ezifana ne-IPv6 kwaye zonke ezi dilesi zilawulwa njani?
Umbutho olawula uphuhliso lweprotocol kunye nezinye iikhomputha ze-intanethi kuthiwa i-IETF (i-Internet Engineering Task Force). Iqukethe amalungu emhlabeni wonke adibeneyo kwiindibano zocweyo ngamaninzi ngonyaka ukwenzela ukuxoxa ngeteknoloji, apho ubuchwepheshe obutsha okanye uhlaziyo olutsha luqala khona. Ukuba ngelinye ilanga uyakhela iteknoloji entsha yeteknoloji, le yindawo eya kuyo.
Umbutho olawula ukusasazwa nokwabiwa kwamakheli kunye namagama (njengegama lesizinda) kwi-intanethi kuthiwa i-ICANN.