Icandelo elisisiseko esincinci, umxhatshazo, unokubonakala ngathi njengamacandelo alula kunye nezicelo ezimbalwa, kodwa abachasayo banamanani amaninzi kwiifomu zezicelo kunye neentlobo .
Iingcingo
Ukufudumala kwe-Joule ukushisa kudalwe njengoko kuhamba ngoku ngokuchasene. Ngokuqhelekileyo olu bushushu luyinto ebalulekileyo ekukhetheni umxhasi ukuqinisekisa ukusetyenziswa okuthenjisiweyo, kodwa kwezinye iinjongo, injongo yokumelana nayo kukuvelisa ukushisa. Ubushushu buveliswa ngokusebenzisana kunye nee-elektrononi ezijikelezayo kumqhubi, ezichaphazela i-atom zayo kunye ne-ions, ngokubangela ukuba kutshaye ukushisa ngokuxubana. Izinto zokufudumala ezisetyenziselwayo zisetyenziswa kwiintlobo zeemveliso ezibandakanya izitofu zombane kunye nama-ovens, ama-heaters amanzi, abenzi bekhofi, kunye ne-defroster kwimoto yakho. Izifudumala zokuhlala zihlala ziboshwe nge-insulator kagesi ukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho nto iya kufutshane kwinqanaba elikhuselekileyo ekusebenzeni okuqhelekileyo okubaluleke kakhulu kumashishini atshisayo aneshushu kagesi asebenzisa into yokufudumala. Ukwandisa ukuphumelela kwezinto ezizodwa zokuncedisa i-heater zisetyenziswe njenge-nichrome, i-alloy nickel kunye ne-chromium, eyona nto ikhuselekileyo kwaye inganyangekiyo.
Fuse
Izixhobo ezichazwe ngokukhethekileyo ziqhelekileyo zisetyenziselwa ukusetyenziswa kwee-fuses. I-elementary conduction kwi-fuse yenzelwe ukutshabalalisa ngokukhawuleza ukuba isiqingatha esithile sifikelele, ngokuqinisekileyo sizincama ngokwabo ukukhusela umonakalo kwi-electronics. Amafayili afumaneka ngeendawo ezahlukeneyo zokubonelela ngexesha elinokukhawuleza okanye elincinci, amaxesha ahlukeneyo namandla kunye neendawo zokushisa. Zifumaneka nakwiimeko ezininzi ezifana nefom yefayili yefom yefowuni esetyenzisiweyo kwimveliso yezimoto, iifestile ezifakwe ngeglasi, iifayili ze-fiberglass i-fridge, kunye nefrayibus fuses ukubiza ezimbalwa. Amafaysi asekelwe kwiindawo zokuhlala ezinokuhlawuleka kakhulu kodwa ezobuchwepheshe be- fuse zihlala zinciphisa umthwalo kumsebenzisi ukufumana nokutshintsha i-fuse kwaye zihlala zisetyenziswa kwizixhobo ezibiza kakhulu kunye ne-electronics ephathekayo ezingenakulungiswa ngumsebenzisi kwaye zingakwazi ukufumana iindleko eziphezulu ze-fusible resetable .
Izixhobo
Abaxhasi bavame ukusetyenziswa njengengqondo kwiintlobo ezininzi zezicelo ezivela kwiisensi zegesi ukuxela abaxhasi. Utshintsho lokumelana nalo lunokubangelwa inani elikhulu lezinto ezibandakanya amanzi kunye nezinye izixhobo zamanzi, ukunyamezela, ubunzima okanye i-flexible, kunye nokuxutywa kwegesi kwizinto ezikhuselekileyo. Ngokukhetha izinto ezifanelekileyo kunye nokudibanisa, ukusebenza kwesikhombisi esinqabileyo singakulinganiswa kwisicelo esithile kunye nemeko. Iinjongo zokuhlala zisetyenziswe njengenxalenye yesithinteli kwiimveliso ze-polygraph ukujonga ukujongwa kweso sifundo ngexesha langempela njengoko bahlolwa. Njengoko umxholo uqala ukuphosa, i-sensor ekhuselekileyo iyathintela ngenguqu ekutshiseni kwaye inikezela utshintsho olulinganiswayo. Izixhobo zegesi zokhuselo zisebenza ngendlela efanayo, kunye nobukhulu obuninzi begesi obangela utshintsho kwindlela yokumelana nenkunkuma. Ngokuxhomekeke kwisakhiwo sophawu, ukulandelelana kwamanzi kungenziwa ngokusetyenziswa kwenkcazelo yangoku kwi-sensor ukususa yonke imiba yezinto ezikhuthazayo.
Kwiinjini ezitshintsha kakhulu kuncinci uluhlu olupheleleyo lwe-stimuli, umnxibelelwano webhulophu uyasetyenziselwa ukubonelela isalathisi esicacileyo sokulinganisela kunye nokukhulisa.
KuKhanya
UThomas Edison wachitha iminyaka efuna izinto eziza kudala ukukhanya okuzinzileyo zombane. Ngendlela, wafumanisa ezininzi iimveliso kunye nezinto eziza kudala ukukhanya kunye nokuzitshisa ngokukhawuleza, kufana ne-fuse. Ekugqibeleni, u-Edison wafumanisa izinto ezifanelekileyo kunye noyilo olunikezela ukukhanya okuqhubekayo okwaba yinto ebalulekileyo kunye neyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu yezicelo zokumelana nabantu abaneminyaka emininzi. Namhlanje ezinye iindlela zikhona kwi-original incandescent yokubamba i-bulb light and some are still designs based designs like halogen bulbs. Izibane ze-incandescent zitshintshwa yiCCLF kunye ne-LED, ezizinzileyo ngakumbi kunezibane zokukhanya zise-incandescent based based resistive.