Ifa loMsebenzi: uMququzeleli we-Apple, uMsunguli we-NEXT, i-CEO ye-Pixar
Imisebenzi kaSteven Paul yafa ngo-Oktobha 5, 2011, emva kokulwa nomdlavuza we-pancreatic. Wayeneminyaka engama-56. Wayengu-co-founder, i-CEO yexesha elibini, kunye nosihlalo we-Apple Inc. Uyaphila ngumfazi wakhe, uLourene Powell Jobs, kunye nabantwana abane.
Impumelelo kwimisebenzi yabafundi yayininzi kwaye ibalulekile. Uncedise ukuphakamisa iikhompyutheni, uholele ukuphuhliswa kweemveliso ezibandakanya i-Macintosh, i-iPod kunye ne-iPhone, kwaye iqhube i-Pixar Animation Studios. Imisebenzi ye-charisma, ukuqhuba ukuphumelela nokulawula, kunye nombono waba negalelo ekutshintshisweni kweenguqu ekusebenziseni kunye nefuthe lethekhnoloji kwimpilo yemihla ngemihla yabantu abaninzi kwihlabathi.
Steve Jobs & # 39; Obomi bakwangoko
Wazalelwa eSan Francisco ngo-1955 waya kubazali baseSiriya abavela kwelinye ilizwe kunye noMama owakhulisa eWisconsin, Imisebenzi yafunyanwa nguPaul noClara Imisebenzi yaseSanta Clara, i-Calif. Imisebenzi yayiya esikolweni esiphakeme e Cupertino, Calif., Isixeko apho i-Apple isekelwe khona. Ngowe-1972, waya kwiKholeji yaseReed ePortland, e-Ore., Kodwa waphuma emva kwe-semester. Imisebenzi yabuyela eKalifornia ngo-1974, apho yayisebenza khona eAtari. Umhlobo womsebenzi kunye nomlingani wezo shishino uSteve Wozniak naye wasebenza e-Atari ngelo xesha.
I-Apple: Ukuphakama nokuPhumela kwexesha elizayo
Imisebenzi esekelwe i-Apple Inc., eyaziwa ngokuba yi-Apple Computer, neWozniak. Inkampani yabo yasekuqaleni yanikezela ibhodi yesiphaluka ukuba i-hobbyists izakhe iikhomputha zazo. Nangona i-homebrew iqaleka, i-Apple incedise ekwenzeni iikhompyutheni yomntu kunye nokuqaliswa kwe-Apple II ngo-1976.
Oko kushicilelwa ngokukhawuleza kutshintsho lweenguqu kwi-desktop computing-i-Macintosh. I-Mac OS yeyona ndlela yokuqala yokufumana ithengiso kwaye iyamkelwa ngokubanzi ukusebenzisa umboniso womsebenzisi ocacileyo oqhelekileyo namhlanje. Kwakhona ngowokuqala ukusebenzisa imouse ukusebenzisana neempawu kwisikrini. I-Mac yayiyimpumelelo enkulu kunye neMicrosoft Imisebenzi kunye ne-Apple ibe yimpumelelo njengenye yeenkampani zekhompyutha ezibalulekileyo.
Le nkampani yenza inkulu enkulu ye-1984 Super Bowl yorhwebo eyazisa ukuba iMacintosh. Isibhengezo sidlalwe kwi-novel yaseGeorge Orwell ka- 1984 kwaye ibeke i-IBM njengoMzalwana Omkhulu, ngelixa i-Apple ibonisa abavukeli abanobuqhawe abanengxaki yenkululeko.
Ngaloo xesha, iMisebenzi yayilungisile ulawulo oluhlangene noJohn Sculley kude nePepsiCo ukuba yi-CEO ye-Apple. Kodwa, phakathi kwe-1985 yokuthengisa, iMisebenzi yalahlekelwa ngumzabalazo wamandla kwi-Sculley kunye nebhodi yabalawuli benkampani. Washiya i-Apple.
I-NEXT: Inkinga entsha
Imisebenzi yabe isungula i-NeXT Computer, inkampani ethatha isifundo sezobugcisa ezifunyenwe kwimpumelelo ye-Mac kwaye yabatshata kwi-computer yamandla kwinkqubo yokusebenza yase Unix. Iikhomputha ze-stylish kunye nezobuchwephesha, ezithengayo, ezithengiweyo, azizange zifakwe ngendlela eyahlukileyo ngayo imveliso ye-Apple II okanye ye-Mac. I-NEXT yakwazi ukugcina ishishini elizinzileyo ukususela ngo-1985-1997. Ngo-1997, i-NEXT ithathe inxaxheba entsha, kwaye inendima ebaluleke kakhulu e-Apple.
I-Pixar: I-Hobby iyaba yindlu yamandla
Ngethuba le-NEXT, Imisebenzi ithenge ukwahlula imifanekiso yecomputer yeLucasfilm Ltd. ngo-1986 i-$ 10 yezigidi. Leso sahlulo saba yiPixar Animation Studios. Imisebenzi eyenziwa njenge-CEO yayo kunye nabanini-nxaxheba abaninzi.
Imisebenzi ekuqaleni yayijonge uPixar njengenkampani yekhompyutha ye-computer eyayiza kuthengisa imishini yokugqibela kwiHollywood. Xa elo shishini lingahluleki ukususa, inkampani yatshintsha yaba ngumenzi weefilimu ezinobomi kunye nesivumelwano kunye neDisney.
Ngaphantsi kobunkokheli beMisebenzi, uPixar waba ngumbutho ophezulu owenzela i-movie eHollywood, ukuhambisa intambo ye-smash hits, kubandakanya i- Toy Story , Ubomi be-Bug , i- Monsters Inc. , Ukufumana i-Nemo , i- Incredibles , ne- Wall-E , phakathi kwabanye.
Ngo-2006, iMisebenzi yenzelwe ukuthengiswa kwePixar kwiWalt Disney Co. I-deal yafika kuye kwindawo yeBhodi yeDisney yamenza ibe ngumnini-nxaxheba omkhulu kunabo bonke. Emva kokugqitywa kwelo phepha, i-Fortune Magazine egunyaziwe nguMsebenzi wayo onamandla kunazo zonke kwi-Business 2007.
Ukubuyela kwi-Apple: Ukuphumelela
Imisebenzi eyayifumana eso sihloko kungekhona nje ngenxa yendima yakhe kwiDisney kodwa nangenxa yokuba wayebuyele ku-Apple njengoSihlalo wayo kunye ne-CEO.
Ekupheleni kowe-1996, iMisebenzi yayijongene nokuthengiswa kwe-NEXT ku-Apple kwaye yabuyela kwindawo yezobunkokheli kwinkampani eyabambisana nayo. I-teknoloji esekelwe kwi-Hardware ye-NEXT kunye neprojekthi yesofthiwe yanikwa kwi-429 yezigidi zemali. Kwaba sisiseko se-Apple ye-Mac OS X yokusebenza kwesizukulwana esilandelayo.
Xa i-CEO ye-Apple uGili Amelio yaxoshwa yiBhodi yabalawuli bee-1997, iMisebenzi ibuyele kwinkampani njenge-CEO yayo yesikhashana.
Ngaloo xesha, i-Apple yayisisiseko phantsi kwe-marketshare ephantsi, icebo le-OS-licensing edidekile, kunye nomgca womkhiqizo ongacatshangwanga. Konke oku kwakhokelela ekucingeni okuninzi kwi-press nakwi-intanethi ukuba inkampani iya kudibana kunye nezinye iinkampani okanye ukuphuma kwishishini. Ukuze kugcinwe inkampani, Imisebenzi ngokukhawuleza yaqalisa uchungechunge lwamanye amaxesha-ukungahlambuluki kwemveliso. Oku kufaka ukukhansela ukuphumelela phakathi kwemveliso kodwa ngokulandelelana izinto ezinjengeNewton PDA.
Imveliso yokuqala yeyona nto eyenziwa yiMisebenzi 'isithuba semibini kwi-Apple yayinguMac, iikhompyutheni zonke ezenziwe ngo-1998. I-iMac yayilandelwa ngumtya weekhomputha zeekhompyutheni kunye nekhompyutheni zekhompyutha, nangona ezinye iintsilelo-ezifana ne- Power Mac G4 cube- ezixutywe kuyo.
Ngaphantsi kobunkokheli beMisebenzi, i-Apple ibuyile kwi-bink ye-bankruptcy iphinda ibe yinkampani ezinzile, ephumelelayo. Kodwa, ngenxa yokuqaliswa kwegadget elincinci, inkampani iya kudala ifane.
IPod
Ngo-Oktobha 2001, i-Apple yavula i- iPod yokuqala . Umdlali womculo wedijithali-packed music player wanikela nge-5 GB yokugcina (okwaneleyo iingoma ezimalunga ne-1,000) kunye ne-interface elula. Kwakuyintsimbi esheshayo.
Uphuhliso lwe-iPod luye lwalelwe nguMsebenzi-abangazange bathande abadlali be-digital abadlali be-digital kunye ne-interfaces yabo enzima-kwaye babejongelwa ngunobunjineli uJona Rubinstein kunye nomqambi wemveliso uJonathan Ive.
I-iPod isebenze ne-software ye-Apple yolawulo lomculo we-desktop, i-iTunes, eyayisetyenziswe ngoJanuwari 2001. Ukudibanisa ukusebenziseka kunye nezixhobo ezinamandla ezinikezwa ngababini kwenza i-iPod ifume. I-Apple yaqala ukunyuka ngokukhawuleza komgca wemveliso ye-iPod ukufaka iMini , i- nano , i- Shuffle , kwaye kamva i- touch . Kwazisa ii-iPod ezintsha kwiinyanga ezintandathu.
I-ITunes nayo yavela kwaye yongeza iTown Store yokuthengisa umculo okhutshwe ngo-2003 kunye namafilimu ngo-2005. Ngaloo nto, i-Apple yomelela indawo yayo kumashishini omculo kwaye yenza iPod / iTunes idibanise nomgangatho owenziwe kumculo wedijithali. Ngo-2008, i- Apple ibe ngumthengisi omkhulu wehlabathi (kwi-intanethi okanye ngaphandle kwe-intanethi) , kwaye iinkampani zokurekhoda zaqala ukuxhalabisa ngolawulo lwe-Apple kwishishini labo. Ngo-2009, iThengi iTunes yathengisa ingoma yesi-6 billion.
I-iPhone
NgoJanuwari 2007, i-Apple yandisa kwimpumelelo ye-iPod, kwaye yazibeka ngokwazo ukuguqula enye intengiso, xa ivakalisa i- iPhone . Esi sixhobo saqulunqwa kunye noPhatha kunye nokubandakanyeka kweMisebenzi kwaye yayisetyenziswa ngokukhawuleza ekukhululweni kwayo. I-iPhone yokuqala yathengisa iiyunithi ezingama-270,000 kwiiyure zokuqala ezingama-30 zokufumaneka kwazo. Umlandeli walo, i- iPhone 3G , uthengise iiyunithi zezigidi ezili-1 kwiintsuku ezintathu zokuqala emva konyaka.
Ngo-Matshi 2009, i-Apple yayithengise iPhones eziligidi ezili-17, kwaye yayidlulile ukuthengiswa kwekota ye-smartphone ephezulu, i-Blackberry .
Ukulandela kwimpumelelo yeSitolo seTunes, i-iPhone ifumane i-App Store, inika isofthiwe yesithathu, ngoJulayi 2008. NgoJanuwari 2009, ibhalisile izigidi ezi-500 zokulandwa . Kwathathe i-iTunes Store iminyaka emibili ukufikelela kumanqaku afanayo. I-Apple ibe nesinye isithatha kwizandla zayo.
Ikhefu lezeMpilo
Kule mpu melelo, Imisebenzi yayigxininiswe yimibandela malunga nempilo yakhe, ngakumbi emva kweNkomfa ye-Worldwide Developers Conference ngo-2006 apho yayibheke ngokugqithiseleyo kunokuba ibe nayo ngaphambili.
NgoJanuwari 2009, iMisebenzi ikhuphe isitatimende esithetha ukuba ukubonakala kwayo kwakunxulumene nokungalingani kwamangqungquthela okwenziwe ngumzimba. Ingxelo yongezelela ukuba oogqirha bakhe bacinga ukuba bafumene isizathu, ukuba wayefuna unyango, kwaye akayi kuthetha ngakumbi ngesihloko, njengoko wayeziva ukuba yinto ebalulekileyo.
Nangona kunjalo, iintsuku ezingaphantsi kwe-10 kamva kwaziswa ukuba iingxaki zezempilo zeMisebenzi zazingathi zibi kakhulu kunokuba zenzeke. Uya kuthatha iinyanga ezili-6 zekhefu zokungabikho kwiinkampani. Isitokisi senkampani ekuqaleni saqala ukubetha, kodwa sabuyisela kwinqanaba elimbalwa nje ngamanqaku angaphantsi kwesibhengezo malunga neveki. UTim Cook, igosa eliphambili lenkampani, usebenze njenge-CEO kuMsebenzi esikhundleni.
Imisebenzi ibuyele emsebenzini ku-Apple ngasekupheleni kukaJuni 2009, njengoko ihleliwe. Kwabikwa ukuba wayebandakanyeke kakhulu ne-Apple emva kokubuya kwakhe.
I-iPad
Ngaphansi kobunkokheli be-Jobs, i-Apple yavelisa kwaye yakhulisa izizukulwana ezimbini ze-iPad. I-iPad iguqule imarike yekhompyutheni engacacile ekhompyutheni yamandla kwi-powerhouse apho abahluleki abazange bakwazi ukulingana kwaye oko kusongela ukuguqula imakethe yemveli yecomputer. Ngokuthengiswa kwama-iPads angaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-25 engaphantsi kwe-year, i-iPad incede ekusebenziseni i-"post-PC" ngexesha lokusebenzisa iikhomputha kwaye yatshintsha ngakumbi ubudlelwane bethu kunye neteknoloji.
UkuSuswa noKufa
Ngomhla ka-Aug. 23, 2011-phakathi kwesinye ikhefu elihambelana nempilo evela kwinkampani-Imisebenzi yashiya njenge-CEO ye-Apple, ithi "ayikwazi ukuhlangabezana nemisebenzi yam nokulindela." IGosa eliLawulayo eliPhezulu uTim Cook wathatha iMisebenzi njenge-Apple CEO. Imisebenzi igcinwe isikhundla sakhe njengoSihlalo webhodi ye-Apple, isihloko sakhe somlawuli, kwaye yaqhubeka ibe ngumqeshwa wase-Apple.
Imisebenzi yafa malunga neeveki ezintandathu emva kokuyeka kwakhe.
Imisebenzi kaSteve Jobs
Mhlawumbi akukho mnye olawulayo kwimemori yanamhlanje, kunye neyodwa inxalenye yeBill Gates, iye yahlanganisana kakhulu nenkampani yakhe, kwaye impumelelo yayo-kunye nembono yoluntu yempumelelo-njengeMisebenzi.
Abanye baye bafanisa iMisebenzi kunye nelifa lakhe kulabo bamanani abalingani abafana noTomen Edison, uHenry Ford kunye noWalt Disney. Abanye, nangona kunjalo, baye baxhomekeka kakhulu, bambeka kwindawo yesibini yamanani ebhankini bembali ngenxa yobuncwane bakhe obuncinci kunye neminikelo yokunceda.
Nangona naluphina uhlalutyo olubeka Imisebenzi kwinkampani engavumelekanga yenkcubeko, ulawulo lwakhe kunye neendlela zakhe zobuqu ziye zaxhomekeke kwimbali kunye nexhala. Imisebenzi yayitsho ngokukrakra ukuba inokwakheka "insimu yokuphazamisa ngokoqobo," igama elisetyenziswe ngabaninzi ukuchaza amandla ebuntu bakhe nokuba khona, kunye nokukwazi kwakhe ukukholisa abantu kwiindawo zakhe.
Ubuntu bakhe bakhokelela ekugxekeni kwindlela yokulawula eyayibandakanyekayo amanyathelo ayenzileyo kunye nobumfihlo. Ngaphantsi kweMisebenzi, i-Apple yayidume kakhulu ngokukhusela ngokuqinileyo iinkcukacha zemveliso emitsha yokuqalisa, ukuya ekugqibeleni ukuklolodela iiwebhsayithi kunye nokubamba amaqabane kunye nabalingani abaye bafaka ulwazi. Kwi-millennium entsha, i-Apple iye yaziwa ngokuba nomnqweno wayo-kunye nempumelelo jikelele ngokwenza njalo-ukulawula ukupapashwa kwe-press malunga nayo.
Ngaphandle kwezi gxeko, i-Apple Jobs eyakhelwe yomeleleyo, eneengxowa-mali ezingaphezulu kweedola ezingama-285 ezandleni, ukukhutshwa kweevenkile ezikhulayo, kunye nesiseko sabathengi abazinikezele kakhulu. NgoSeptemba 2011, yaba yinkampani ebalulekileyo kwihlabathi . Ukususela ngoko, kuye kwaguquka rhoqo phakathi kwendawo ephezulu kunye nayo.
Ukugxeka, nangona kunjalo, uSteve Jobs wayengumbono wezobuchwepheshe oguqule ubuncinane iimarike ezintathu-iikhomputha, umculo wedijithali kunye neefowuni-kwaye yatshintsha indlela esisebenza ngayo kunye nokuthetha ngayo. Ilifa lakhe alinakulinganiswa nakwiimbali zoshishino zamanje zaseMelika. Umsebenzi wakhe wobomi wawubeka isiseko kuluntu ngekamva.