Indlela UEFI Iya kuguqula ngayo inkqubo yeBoot yekhompyutheni yomntu
Xa uqala ukuvula inkqubo yakho yekhompyutheni, ayifuni ngokukhawuleza ukulayisha inkqubo yakho yokusebenza. Iyadlula kwindlela yokuqala eyayisungulwa kunye neekhompyutha zangaphambili ngokuqalisa i-hardware ngokusebenzisa iSistim Output Output System okanye i- BIOS . Oku kuyimfuneko ukuvumela iindidi zeekhompyutha zezoxhobo ze-hardware ukuba zixubane kakuhle. Emva kokuba i-Power On Self Self Test okanye i-POST igqityiwe, i-BIOS iqalisa inkqubo yangempela yokuqhuba i-boot loader. Lo mproseshi uye wahlala efana naye kwiminyaka engaphezu kwama-20 kodwa abathengi abanako ukuqonda ukuba oku kuye kwatshintshile kwiminyaka emibini edlulileyo. Ininzi iikhomputha ngoku isebenzisa inkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yi-Unified Extensible Firmware Interface okanye UEFI. Eli nqaku lijonga ukuba yintoni le nto ethetha ngayo kwiikhompyutheni zobuqu.
Imbali Ye-UEFI
U-UEFI ngokwenene ukongezwa kwe-Intelsible Extensible Firmware Interface eyenziwe yi-Intel. Baqulunqe le nkqubo entsha yeprojekthi ye-hardware kunye neprosoftware xa beqalise i-Itanium okanye i-IA64 isebenzi yokucwangcisa iseva. Ngenxa yobugcisa bayo obuphambili kunye nokulinganiselwa kweenkqubo ze-BIOS ezikhoyo, babefuna ukuphuhlisa indlela entsha yokuhambisa i-hardware kwinkqubo yokusebenza eya kuvumela ukuba kube lula ukuguquguquka. Ngenxa yokuba i-Itanium yayingeyona mpu melelo enkulu, imigangatho ye-EFI iphinde iphele iminyaka emininzi.
Ngo-2005, iForam ye-EFI Forum yasungulwa phakathi kwenani leenkampani ezinkulu eziza kwandula kwiinkcukacha zangaphambili ezenziwe yi-Intel ukuvelisa umgangatho omtsha wokuhlaziya i-hardware kunye ne-software yolwazi. Oku kuquka iinkampani ezifana ne-AMD, i-Apple, i-Dell, i-HP, i-IBM, i-Intel, i-Lenovo kunye ne-Microsoft. Kwabini abenzi beBIOS abakhulu kunabo bonke, i-American Megatrends Inc. kunye ne-Pheonix Technologies ngamalungu.
Yintoni i-UEFI?
I-UEFI yinkcazo ecacisa indlela i-hardware kunye nesofthiwe edibanisa ngayo kwinkqubo yekhompyutha. Ingcaciso imele iqulethe iinkalo ezimbini zeenkqubo ezibizwa ngokuba yienkonzo zokuqalisa ii-boot kunye neenkonzo zokuqalisa. Iinkonzo zokuqala zichaza indlela i-hardware eya kuqalisa ngayo isofthiwe okanye inkqubo yokusebenza yokulayisha. Iinkonzo ze-Runtime zibandakanya ngokwenene ukweqa umqhubi we-boot nokulayisha izicelo ngqo kwi-UEFI. Oku kwenza ukuba kuthathe isenzo esifana nesistimu yokusebenza esicacisiweyo ngokuqalisa isiqulathi.
Nangona abaninzi bebiza u-UEFI ukufa kwe-BIOS, inkqubo ayiyikususa ngokupheleleyo i-BIOS kwi-hardware. Iinkcukacha zokuqala zazingekho nto yePOST okanye iindlela zokucwangcisa. Ngenxa yoko, inkqubo ifuna i-BIOS ukwenzela ukufezekisa ezi njongo zimbini. Umahluko kukuba iBIOS ayiyi kuba nezinga elifanayo lokuhlengahlengiswa njengoko kunokwenzeka kwiinkqubo ezikhoyo ze-BIOS kuphela.
Izinzuzo ze-UEFI
Inzuzo enkulu ye-UEFI ukungabikho kwezixhobo ezithile zokuxhomekeka kwezinto zekhompyutha. I-BIOS icacile kwi-architecture ye-x86 eye yasetyenziswa kwi- PC iminyaka. Oku kunokuvumela ukuba ikhompyutheni yakho isebenzise iprojekti evela kumthengisi ohlukile okanye ongenalo ifa x86 ekukholiseni kuyo. Oku kunokuba nefuthe kumadivayisi afana namacwecwe okanye nakwi-Microsoft ekugqibeleni idibene kunye ne-Windows RT esebenzisa iprogram yomxhasi we-ARM.
Enye inzuzo enkulu kwi-UEFI yinkqubo yokuqalisa ngokulula kwiinkqubo ezininzi zokusebenza ngaphandle kwesidingo sebhootloader efana neLILO okanye GRUB. Kunoko, i-UEFI inokukhetha ngokuzenzekelayo ukwahlula okufanelekileyo kunye nenkqubo yokusebenza kunye nomthwalo kuyo. Ukuze le nto ifumaneke, kunjalo zombini i-hardware kunye nesofthiwe kufuneka ibe nenkxaso efanelekileyo ye-UEFI. Oku sele ikhona kakade kwiinkqubo zekhompyutha ze-Apple ezisebenzisa i- Boot Camp ukuba ibe ne-Mac OS X kunye ne-Windows kwi-computer efanayo.
Ekugqibeleni, i-UEFI iya kunika ubungakanani obubanzi bokusebenzisa imiyalezo ebalulekileyo kunamagama asekudala e-BIOS. Oku kuya kwenza utshintsho kwiinkqubo lula kakhulu kumsebenzisi wokugqibela ukwenza. Ukongeza, i-interface izakuvumela izicelo ezinjenge-browser ye-intanethi okanye i-imeyile iklayenti ukuba iqaliswe ngokukhawuleza kunokufakela i-OS epheleleyo. Ngoku, ezinye iikhomputha zikwazi ukwenza oko kodwa zifezekiswe ngokusungula inkqubo efanelekileyo yokusebenza encinane ehlala ngaphakathi kwi-BIOS.
Imiba ye-UEFI
Ingxaki enkulu kubathengi nge-UEFI yi-hardware kunye nenkxaso yesofthiwe. Ukuze isebenze ngokufanelekileyo, i-hardware kunye nenkqubo yokusebenza kufuneka ixhase ngokufanelekileyo icandelo elithile. Oku akuyona inkalo enkulu nekhoyo kwiWindows okanye i-Mac OS X okwangokunje kodwa iinkqubo ezisebenzayo ezinjenge-Windows XP azixhasi. Ingxaki ngokwenene ingaphezulu. Endaweni yoko, isofthiwe entsha esenza iifayile ze-UEFI inokuthintela iinkqubo ezidlulileyo ekuphuculweni kwiinkqubo zokusebenza ezintsha.
Abasebenzisi abaninzi bamandla abangaphantsi kweekhompyutha zabo iinkqubo banokudanisa. Ukongezwa kwe-UEFI kususa ezininzi izicwangciso ezahlukeneyo ngaphakathi kwe-BIOS esetyenziselwa ukufumana ukusebenza kakhulu kwiprosesa kunye nenkumbulo ngangokunokwenzeka. Le nto yayinengxaki kwisizukulwana sokuqala se-UEFI hardware. Kuyinyaniso ukuba ezininzi iirharere ezingenzelwe ukugqithisa ziza kubakho izinto ezifana nokulungiswa kwamandla okanye ukuphindaphindiweyo kodwa izinto ezininzi ze-hardware ezenzelwe le nto zinqobile le micimbi.
Izigqibo
I-BIOS iye yasebenza ngokugqithiseleyo ekusebenzeni iikhompyuthile zobuqu kwiminyaka engamashumi amabini anesibini edluleyo. Liye lafikelela kwinani leemingcele ezenza kube nzima ukuqhubeka nokudala ubuchwepheshe obutsha ngaphandle kokuzisa imisebenzi eminye kwimicimbi. I-UEFI isetyenziselwe ukuthatha ininzi kwinkqubo evela kwi-BIOS kwaye uyihlalutye kumsebenzisi wokugqibela. Oku kuya kwenza ukuba i-computing imo ilula ukuyisebenzisa kwaye yenze indawo eninzi eguquguqukayo. Ukuqaliswa kwetheknoloji akuyi kubakho ngaphandle kweengxaki zayo kodwa kunokwenzeka kakhulu kunene iimfuno zelifa ezihambelana nayo yonke ikhompyutha ye-BIOS.