01 ka 09
Isingeniso kwiPhitshi yeRaspberry Pi
Igama elithi 'GPIO' (I-Output Purpose Output Output) ayilona kuphela kwi-Raspberry Pi. Izikhonkwane zokufaka kunye neziphumo zifumaneka kwiinkampani ezininzi ezincinci ezifana neArduino, Beaglebone kunye nokunye.
Xa sithetha nge-GPIO nge-Raspberry Pi, sibhekisela kwiibhloko ezide zekhonkco kwikhoneni eliphezulu lasekhohlo lebhodi. Iimodeli ezindala zazinamaphepha angama-26, nangona kunjalo abaninzi bethu baya kusebenzisa imodeli yangoku kunye no-40.
Ungakwazi ukudibanisa izixhobo kunye nezinye izixhobo ze-hardware ezi zikhonkwane, kwaye sebenzisa ikhowudi ukulawula oko abakwenzayo. Ingxenye ebalulekileyo yeParpberry Pi kunye nendlela efanelekileyo yokufunda malunga nekhompyutha.
Emva kweeprojekti ezimbalwa zeprojekthi, uya kufumana uzame ngezi zikhonkwane, uzimisele ukuxuba ikhowudi yakho kunye ne-hardware ukwenza izinto zenzeke 'ebomini bobomi'.
Le nkqubo inokutshitshisa ukuba unomtsha kumbindi, kwaye ucinga ukuba ukunyakaza kwamanga kungonakalisa i-Raspberry Pi yakho, kuyaqondakala ukuba yindawo yokukhathazeka yabaqalayo ukuba bahlolisise.
Eli nqaku liza kuchaza ukuba uluphi uhlobo lwepini ye-GPIO kunye nokulinganiselwa kwabo.
02 we-09
GPIO
Okokuqala, makhe sijonge kwi-GPIO ngokubanzi. Izikhonkwane zibukeka zifana kodwa zonke zinemisebenzi eyahlukileyo. Umfanekiso ongentla ukhankanya le mi sebenzi ngemibala eyahlukileyo esiya kuthi ichaze ngamanyathelo alandelayo.
Intonga nganye ibalwa ukusuka ku-1 ukuya ku-40 ukuqala ngasezantsi ngakwesobunxele. Lawa manani epini, kodwa ke kukho iindibano zokubala / zokubhaliweyo ezifana ne 'BCM' ezisetyenziswayo xa ubhala ikhowudi.
03 ka 09
Amandla kunye noGround
Ebonakala ebomvu, izikhonkwane zamandla ezibhalwe '3' okanye '5' ze-3.3V okanye 5V.
Ezi zikhonkwane zikuvumela ukuba uthumele ngokuthe ngqo amandla kwi sixhobo ngaphandle kwemfuno yekhowudi. Akukho ndlela yokuyikhupha.
Kukho ii-rails zamandla-3.3 ii-volts kunye ne-5 volts. Ngokweli nqaku, umzila we-3.3V ulinganiselwa kwi-draw 50mA yangoku, ngelixa umzila we-5V ungakunika nantoni na ekhoyo ekhoyo kwi-supply power emva kokuba uPi athathe oko kuyifunayo.
Ukugqithiselwa obomvu yizikhonkwane zomhlaba (GND). Ezi zikhonkwane ziyiloo nto ayithethayo - izikhonkwane zomhlaba - eziyingxenye ebalulekileyo yiphina iphrojekthi yekhompyutha.
(I-5V GPIO izikhonkwane zizinombolo zomzimba ezi-2 kunye no-4. 3.3V izikhonkwane ze-GPIO zizinombolo zomzimba 1 kunye ne-17. Izikhonkwane ze-GPIO ziyizinombolo zomzimba 6, 9, 14, 20, 25, 30, 34 no-39)
04 we-09
Iifayile zokufaka / zokuphuma
Izikhonkwane eziluhlaza yinto endiyibiza ngokuthi 'iipenki' zengeniso / iziphumo eziphuma kuyo. Ezi zingasetyenziselwa kalula njengeziphumo okanye iziphumo ngaphandle kokukhathazeka malunga nokuchasana neminye imisebenzi efana ne-I2C, SPI okanye i-UART.
Ezi zikhonkwane ezingathumela amandla kwi-LED, i-buzzer, okanye ezinye izinto, okanye zisetyenziswe njengegalelo lokufunda iisenzi, ukutshintsha okanye enye ifowuni yokufaka.
Amandla okuphuma kwezi zikhonkwane ngu 3.3V. Ikhonkco ngalinye kufuneka lingadluli kwi-16mA yangoku, okanye ukucima okanye ukucoca, kwaye isethi yonke yezikhonkwane ze-GPIO akufanele idlule ngaphezu kwe-50mA nangaliphi na ixesha. Oku kuya kunqanda, ngoko kufuneka ufumane ukudala kwiiprojekthi ezithile.
Izikhonkwane zeGPIO eziqhelekileyo zizinombolo zomzimba 7, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16, 18, 22, 29, 31, 32, 33, 35, 36, 37, 38 no-40)
05 ka 09
Iincindi ze-I2C
Ngephuzi, sinezikhonkwane ze-I2C. I2C ngumgaqo-nkqubo wokunxibelelana othi ngokwemiqathango elula ivumela iifowuni ukuba zixhumane neRaspberry Pi. Ezi zikhonkwane zingasetyenziselwa njengezixhobo ze-GPIO.
Umzekelo omhle wokusebenzisa i-I2C yinto ethandwa kakhulu yi-MCP23017 ye-port expander chip, enokukunika izikhonkwane ezingaphezulu / iziphumo ezikulo mgaqo-nkqubo we-I2C.
(I2C GPIO izikhonkwane zizinombolo zepini zombolo 3 no-5)
06 ka 09
Iipalati ze-UART (Serial)
Kwi-grey, izikhonkwane ze-UART. Ezi zikhonkwane zenye inqubo yokunxibelelana enika uxhumano lwe-serial, kwaye ingasetyenziselwa 'iimveliso' zeGPIO / iziphumo kunye.
Ukusetyenziswa kwam okuthandayo kwi-UART kukunika uxhulumaniso lwe-serial ukusuka kwi-Pi yam ukuya kwikhompyutheni yam phezu kwe-USB. Oku kuya kuphunyezwa ngokusebenzisa iibhodi ezongezelelweyo okanye iifayili ezilula kwaye kususa imfuneko yeskrini okanye uxhumano lwe-intanethi ukufikelela kwiPi yakho.
(I-UART GPIO izikhonkwane zizinombolo zepini eziyi-8 no-10)
07 ka 09
IPI pins
Ngepinki , sineipini ze-SPI. I-SPI ibhanki ye-interface ethumela idatha phakathi kwePi kunye nezinye izinto eziphathekayo. Ngokuqhelekileyo isetyenziselwa ukutshintshwa kwezixhobo ezifana ne matrix ye-LED okanye ukubonisa.
Njengabanye, ezi zikhonkwane zingasetyenziselwa 'iziphumo' zeGPIO iziphumo / iziphumo kunye.
(I-SPI GPIO izikhonkwane zizinombolo zepini zomzimba 19, 21, 23, 24 no-26)
08 ka 09
Izikhonkwane zeDNC
Okokugqibela izikhonkwane ezimbini ezihlaza okwesibhakabhaka, okwangoku zibhalwe njengeDNC emele 'Musa ukuxhuma'. Oku kungatshintsha kwikamva xa iRaspberry Pi Foundation iguqula iibhodi / software.
(Iiponti ze-DNC GPIO zizinombolo zepini zombolo 27 no-28)
09 we 09
Iiprogram zeeNombolo zeGPIO
Xa uqhafaza nge-GPIO, unelungelo lokungenisa ilayibrari ye-GPIO kwenye yeendlela ezimbini - i-BCM okanye i-BOARD.
Ikhetho endikhethayo yi-GPIO BCM. Le ngqungquthela ye-Broadcom yokudibanisa kwaye ndifumanisa ukuba isetyenziswe ngokuqhelekileyo kwiiprojekthi kunye nezongezelelo ze-hardware.
Inketho yesibini yiGPIO BOARD. Le ndlela isebenzisa iinombolo zepini zomzimba endaweni yoko, ezithandekayo xa zibala izikhonkwane, kodwa uya kufumana ukuba zisebenzise ngaphantsi kwezibonelo zeprojekthi.
Imodi ye-GPIO isetyenziswe xa ungenisa ilayibrari ye-GPIO:
Ukungenisa njenge-BCM:
ukungenisa i-RPi.GPIO njengeGPIO GPIO.setmode (GPIO.BCM)Ukungenisa njenge-BOARD:
ukungenisa i-RPi.GPIO njengeGPIO GPIO.setmode (GPIO.BOARD)Zombini ezi ndlela zenza umsebenzi ofanayo, yinto nje yokukhetha inani.
Ndihlala ndisebenzisa iibhodi zeebula ze-GPIO eziphathekayo ezifana ne-RasPiO Portsplus (eboniswe) ukujonga ukuba iziphi izikhonkwane ezidibanisa nazo. Elinye icala libonisa iindibano zeenombolo ze-BCM, enye ibonisa i-BOARD-ngoko uhlanganiswe nayiphina iphrojekthi oyifumanayo.