Iifayile ezisezantsi, ezifakwe ngaphakathi kunye neyangaphandle: Nakhu okufuneka ukwazi
Uphuhliso lwewebhu lwe-Front-end luhlala lumelelwe njengesigxina se-3. Le milenze yile ndlela ilandelayo:
- I-HTML yesakhiwo sesayithi;
- CSS kwiimpawu ezibonwayo;
- IJavascript yokuziphatha.
Umlenze wesibini wale sihlalo, i-CSS okanye i-Cascading Style Sheets, yinto esibheka apha namhlanje. Ngokukodwa, sifuna ukujongana neentlobo ezi-3 zezitawu ongayongeza kwixwebhu.
- Izitayela ezisezantsi
- Izitayela ezifakiwe
- Izitayela zangaphandle
Ngolunye lweentlobo zeendlela ze-CSS zinenzuzo kunye neengxaki, ngoko makhe sijonge ngokubhekisele kulowo nalowo ngabanye.
Izitayela ezisezantsi
Izitayela ezimiselweyo zezitayela ezibhalwa ngokuthe ngqo kwiphepha kwixwebhu le-HTML. Izitayela ezisezantsi zichaphazela kuphela itekisi ethile esetyenziswa kuyo. Nantsi umzekelo wesitayela esisezantsi esetyenziswe kwisixhumanisi esisezantsi, okanye i-anchor, ithegi:
Lo mgaqo we-CSS wawuya kuguqula umgangatho ophantsi komgca wokuloba umbhalo kule khowudi. Kodwa, akukho nto ingayitshintsha nayiphi na isixhumanisi kwiphepha. Lo ngowomnye wokunciphisa izitayela ezisezantsi. Njengoko zitshintsha kuphela kwinto ethile, kufuneka udibanise i-HTML kunye nale mizobo ukufezekisa ukuklanywa kwekhasi langempela. Oko akuyona indlela efanelekileyo. Enyanisweni, isinyathelo esinye sisuswe kwiintsuku ze "tag" kunye nomxube wesakhiwo kunye nesitayela kumaphepha ewebhu.
Izitayela ezisemgangathweni nazo zineenkcukacha eziphezulu kakhulu.
Oku kwenza ukuba kunzima ukubhala ngaphezulu kunye nezinye izitayela ezingezantsi. Umzekelo, ukuba ufuna ukwenza isayithi esabelayo kwaye utshintshe indlela iqela lijongene nezikhalazo ezithile ngokusebenzisa imibuzo yeendaba , izitayela ezinqamlekileyo kwizinto ziya kwenza oku kunzima ukwenza.
Ekugqibeleni, izitayela ezisezantsi zifanelekileyo kuphela xa zisetyenziswe kakhulu.
Enyanisweni, andinakufane ndisebenzise izitayela ezinqamlekileyo kumabhsayithi am.
Izitayela ezifakiwe
Izitayela ezifakweyo izitayela ezifakwe kwihloko yolu xwebhu. Izitayela ezifakiwe zichaphazela kuphela amathegi kwiphepha abafakwe kuyo. Kwakhona, le ndlela ilahlekisa enye yamandla eCSS. Ekubeni iphepha ngalinye liza kuba nezitayela
, ukuba ufuna ukwenza utshintsho lomhlaba wonke, njengokutshintsha umbala weekhonkco ezivela ebomvu ukuya eluhlaza, kuya kufuneka wenze le nguqulelo kwiphepha ngalinye, ekubeni ngalinye iphepha lisebenzisa ishidi elifakwe kwisitayela. Oku kungcono kuneendlela ezisezantsi, kodwa kusekho iingxaki kwiimeko ezininzi.
Iifayile zeetestithi ezifakwe kwi
kwirekhodi iphinda yongeze inani elibalulekileyo lekhowudi yokukhangela kule khasi, enokukwenza ukuba iphepha libe nzima ukulawula kwikamva.
Inzuzo yamashishini okushicilela afakwe kwi-sheets yileyo mthwalo ngokukhawuleza kunye nekhasi ngokwayo, endaweni yokufuna ukuba ezinye iifayile zangaphandle zilayishwe. Oku kunokuba luncedo kwixesha lokukhuphela kunye nokusebenza kombono .
AmaSpredishithi angaphandle
Uninzi lwamawebhusayithi namhlanje zisebenzisa ama-sheets wesitayela zangaphandle. Izitayela zangaphandle zezitayela ezibhaliweyo kwidokethi eyahlukileyo kwaye ziqhotyoshelwe kumaxwebhu ahlukeneyo ewebhu. Iifayile zamaphepha angaphandle zingathintela nayiphi na idokhumenti abathintekayo kuyo, oko kuthetha ukuba ukuba unayo iwebhusayithi yephepha le-20 apho iphepha ngalinye lisebenzisa ishicilelo elifanayo (ngokuqhelekileyo ukuba yenziwe njani), unokwenza utshintsho olubonakalayo kuwo wonke umntu zala maphepha ngokumane uhlele iphepha lohlobo.
Oku kwenza ukuba kube lula ukulawula indawo yesayithi.
Ukuphazamiseka kwimiqulu yamaphepha angaphandle kukuba bafuna amaphepha ukuba athathe kwaye alayishe ezi fayile zangaphandle. Akukho maphepha azakusebenzisa zonke izitayela kwiphepha le-CSS, amaninzi amaninzi aya kulayisha iphepha elikhulu kakhulu leCSS kunokuba lifuna ngokwenene.
Nangona kuyi nyaniso ukuba kukho ukusebenza kweefayile zangaphandle ze-CSS, ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kuncitshiswa. Ngokwenene, iifayile zeCSS zifayile zecatshulwa, ngoko ke azikho ezinkulu kakhulu ukuqala. Ukuba isiza sakho sonke sisebenzisa iFayile ye-CSS, ufumana inzuzo yaloo catshulwa egcinwe emva kokuba ilayishwe ekuqaleni.
Oku kuthetha ukuba kunokusebenza okuncinci kwiphepha lokuqala ukutyelela, kodwa amaphepha alandelayo aya kusebenzisa ifayile yeCSS egcinwe kuyo, ngoko ke nayiphi na ifowuni eya kukhishwa. Iifayile zangaphandle ze-CSS yindlela endakha ngayo yonke i-webpages.