Inomathotholo inokubonakala ngathi imilingo, kodwa ngokwenene kulula ukuyiqonda
Njalo rhoqo, abanye bethu bahlakulela ukuqonda ngokucacileyo ukuba i-AM / FM inomdla ngathi unomlingo ococekileyo. Xa ushintshela kwi-rediyo, unokuva umculo, ilizwi, okanye nayiphi na enye into yokuzonwabisa yomsindo isasazwa kwimvelaphi efumaneka ngamakhulu-okanye amawaka-eekhilomitha kude! Ngokudabukisayo, akusiyo imilingo. Enyanisweni, ukufumana i-redio kulula kakhulu ukuyiqonda xa uchitha ingqalelo indlela amaza omsakazo adalwa ngayo kwaye asasazwa.
Ziziphi iiWadio Radio?
Uyazi kakuhle i-AM, emele i- Amplitude Modulation , kunye ne-FM, emele i- Frequency Modulation . Iiprogram zomsakazo ze-AM kunye ne-FM zithunyelwa emoyeni ngamaza omsakazo, eziyingxenye yoluhlu olubanzi lwamagagasi anombane aquka: i-gamma rays, i-ray-ray, imisebe ye-ultraviolet, ukukhanya okubonakalayo, i-infrared, kunye ne-microwave. Amaza anesistim wakhwela ajikeleze yonke indawo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo. Amaza oonomathotholo abonakalisa iimpawu ezifanayo kunye nezibane ezikhanyayo (umzekelo, ukucatshulwa, ukutshatyalaliswa, ukusahlukana, ukukhatywa), kodwa kubakho kwixesha apho amehlo ethu angaboni.
Amaza oombane akhutshwa ngokutshintshwa kwamanje (AC), eyona yamandla kagesi asetyenziswa ukuqhuba kakuhle kakhulu zonke izixhobo kunye / okanye iteknoloji emakhaya ethu nakubomi - ukususela kumashishini okuhlamba ukuya kuma-televisions kwizixhobo zethu eziphathekayo . EUnited States, ukutshintshwa okwangoku kusebenza kwi-120 volts kwi-60 Hz. Oku kuthetha ukuba ezinye iinguqu ezikhoyo (utshintshe ulwalathiso) kwintambo 60 ngeesibini. Amanye amazwe asebenzise i-50 Hz njengesiqhelo. Nangona zombini i-50 ne-60 i-Hz ibhekwa njengamaqondo aphantsi, ama-currents alternating avelise isiseko esisisiseko sombane we-electromagnetic radiation (EMR). Oku kuthetha ukuba ezinye zamandla kagesi ziphuma kwi-wire kwaye zithunyelwa emoyeni. Ukuphakama kobuninzi bombane, amandla angaphezulu alawulayo ukuphuma kwintambo evulekileyo. Ngaloo ndlela, imisebe ye-electromagnetic ingachazwa ngokucacileyo ngokuthi 'umbane emoyeni'.
I-Concept of Modulation
Ugesi omoya alukho nto ngaphandle kwesandi esingahleliyo. Ukuguqulwa ibe yimpawu ebonakalayo ehambisa ulwazi (umculo okanye ilizwi) kufuneka liqale lilandelelaniswe, kwaye imodyuli isiseko sempawu zomsakazo we-AM ne-FM. Yiyo indlela AM ne-FM ezivela ngayo, ekubeni i-AM imele i-modlitude yam amplitude kunye ne-FM imele i-modulation yamanqanaba.
Elinye igama lokumodareyitha litshintsha. Umbane we-electromagnetic must be modulated or changed so that it can be useful as a radio. Ngaphandle kwemodulations, akukho nkcazelo iza kuthathwa ngumqondiso womsakazo. Ukuqhotyoshelweyo kuyinkcazo elula ukuyiqonda, ngakumbi ekubeni ijikelezile. Umqondo wethu wombono ngumzekelo omhle ukuchaza indlela ukutyunjwa kwemodyuli kusebenza ngayo. Unokuba nephepha elingenanto elisesandleni sakho, kodwa akunakuncedo ize iguqule okanye iguqule ngendlela enenjongo. Omnye uza kufuneka abhale okanye adwebe iphepha ukuze anxibelelane ngolwazi olufanelekileyo.
Esinye isibonelelo esiyintloko. Umoya ongenalutho kufuneka ulungelelaniswe okanye utshintshwe ngomculo okanye ilizwi okanye isandi ukuze kube luncedo. Kanye njengesiqwenga samaphepha, iimlekyuli ezenza umoya zizithutha ngolwazi. Kodwa ngaphandle kolwazi oluchanekileyo - amanqaku ephepheni okanye izandi emoyeni - akukho nto. Ngoko xa kuziwa kwimisakazo yomsakazo, imisebe ye-electromagnetic (ugesi emoyeni) kufuneka ilandelelwe ngolwazi olufunwayo ukuthumela.
AM U sasazo lwe-Radio
I-rediyo isebenzisa imodemu ye-amplitude kwaye yindlela elula kakhulu yokusasazwa kwerediyo. Ukuqonda indlela yokumodareyitha ye-amplitude, qwalasela uphawu olusisigxina (okanye umtshini) ukusasazwa kwi-1000 kHz kwi-AM band. I-amplitude (okanye ukuphakama) kwesigxina esisigxina ayitshintshwanga okanye ayikho i-modulated, ngaloo ndlela engenakho ulwazi oluncedo. Isalathisi esilungileyo sivelisa ingxolo kuphela ize ilandelelwe ngolwazi, njengezwi okanye umculo. Ukuhlanganiswa kwezi zimbini kuphumela ekutshintsheni kwinqanaba le-amplitude yesigxina esisigxina, esanda kwaye sinciphisa ngokumalunga ngqo nolwazi. Kuphela ukuguqulwa kwamaplitude, njengoko ixesha lihlala lihlala lilonke ixesha.
I-rediyo kwimimandla yaseMerika isebenza kwii-frequencies ukusuka kwi-520 kHz ukuya ku-1710 kHz. Amanye amazwe kunye nemimandla ineendawo ezihlukeneyo zamanqanaba. Uhlobo oluthile luyaziwa ngokuba yi- frequency carrier , yintoni isithuthi apho isibonakaliso sangempela sithathwa kwi-antenna yokusasaza kwi-tuner efumanayo.
I-rediyo inezinzuzo zokudlulisa ukungafani okukhulu, ukufumana izitishi ezongezelelweyo kwibala lobunzima obunikwe, kwaye kulula ukuthotyelwa ngabamkeli. Nangona kunjalo, iimpawu ze-AM zithinteka ingxolo kunye nokuphazanyiswa kwe-static , njengexesha lokuduma kweendudumo. Umbane oveliswa ngombane uvelisa iipikhi zengxolo ezithathwa yi-AM tuners. I-rediyo inomlinganiselo omncinci womsindo, ukususela kwi-200 Hz ukuya kwi-5 kHz, ebeka umlinganiselo wokubaluleka ngakumbi ekubhekeleni inomathotholo yentetho kunye nomculo ongaphantsi. Kwaye xa kuziwa kumculo, iimpawu ze-AM zingumgangatho ophantsi wezwi ngaphandle kwe-FM.
Ukusasazwa kweTridio
Inomathotholo ye-FM isebenzisa ukumodareyitha kwexesha. Ukuqonda ukumodareyitha kwexesha, qwalasela umqondiso ngexesha eliqhelekileyo kunye nobukhulu. Ubume be-signal engatshintshiyo okanye engaxhaswanga, ngoko akukho ncazelo efanelekileyo equlethwe. Kodwa xa ulwazi luye lwaziswa kulo mqondiso, ukudibanisa kubangela ukuba utshintsho kwixesha eliqhelekileyo , elichanekileyo ngokulinganayo nolwazi. Xa ubukhulu becala buyilungelelanise phakathi kwezantsi kwaye buphakamileyo, umculo okanye ilizwi liyadluliselwa ngamaxesha okuhamba. Kodwa kuphela utshintsho lwamaxesha ngenxa yoko; i-amplitude ihlala ihlala ixesha lonke.
Inomathotholo ye-FM isebenza kwi-87.5 MHz ukuya kwi-108.0 MHz, eyona ntlobo ephezulu kunama-radio. Uluhlu lwamanqanaba okudluliselwa kweMFM aluphelelanga kune-AM - ngokuqhelekileyo ngaphantsi kweekhilomitha ezingama-100. Nangona kunjalo, umsakazo we-FM ulungele umculo; Uluhlu oluphezulu lwee-bandwidth lwe-30 Hz ukuya ku-15 kHz luvelisa umgangatho ovakalayo ngokuqhelekileyo sikhetha ukuphulaphula nokuzonwabisa. Kodwa ukuze ube nommandla omkhulu wokungena, ukuhanjiswa kwe-FM kudinga izitishi ezongezelelweyo ukuba zithwale iimpawu ezingaphezulu.
Ukuhanjiswa kwe-FM kudla ngokuqhelekileyo kwi-stereo - izithuba ezimbalwa ze-AM nazo ziyakwazi ukusasaza izibonakaliso ze-stereo. Kwaye nangona iimpawu ze-FM ezingekho phantsi kweso sandi kunye nokuphazamiseka, zinokuthi zingancinci ngemithintelo engokwenyama (umz. Izakhiwo, iinduli, njl), ezichaphazela ukufumana ihlabathi jikelele. Yingakho ungathatha izitishi ezithile zerediyo ngokulula kwezinye iindawo kunabanye, nokuba kungaphakathi kwindlu yakho okanye malunga nomzi.