Ukusebenzisa i-DOCTYPE Element kwi-Quirks Mode

Yeka i-Doctype ukubeka abaRhuqululwazi kwi-Quirks Mode

Ukuba uyilile amakhasi ewebhu ngaphezu kweenyanga ezimbalwa, unokubona ubunzima ngokubhala iphepha elibukeka lifana kuzo zonke iiphequluli . Ngokwenyani, akunakwenzeka. Iiphequluli ezininzi zabhalwa ngeempawu ezizodwa ezikwazi ukuzenza. Okanye baneendlela ezikhethekileyo zokusingatha izinto ezahlukileyo kwindlela ezinye iziphequluli eziphatha ngayo. Umzekelo:

• Izithuba zadalwa ukuze zisetyenziswe kwiziphequluli zeNetscape. Awusebenzi kuyo nayiphi na enye umkhangeli, kwaye empeleni iye yachithwa kwiNetscape 6.x +.

• Iifayile ezisezantsi zadalwa ngokutsha kwi-Internet Explorer kuphela, kwaye sele ziyinxalenye ye-HTML icacisiwe.
• I-Internet Explorer 6.0 yongeza isikhala esongezelelweyo (njenge
  ) amathegi azungezile, ngaphandle kokuba ubhale okuqukethwe kwe-div konke kumgca omnye (elide). (IE 6 inamaninzi amaninzi kunye nalo.)
• I-Netscpe 4.7 ayiyi kubonisa ietafile ezingabhalwanga kwi-HTML echanekileyo - ibonisa iphepha elingenanto endaweni. Oku kwafakwa kwiNetscape 6.

Ingxaki kubaphuhlisi beebrowser kukuba kufuneka benze iziphequluli zewebhu ezibuyiselwayo ezihambelana namaphepha ewebhu abakhelwe iziphequluli ezidala. Ukuze ukwazi ukujongana nale ngxaki, abenzi beebhrawuzi benze iimodyuli zezikhangeli ukuba zisebenze. Ezi modes zichazwe ngobukho okanye ukungabikho kwento ye-DOCTYPE kunye nantoni i-DOCTYPE.

I-DOCTYPE Ukutshintsha kunye ne "Mode Quirks"

Ukuba ubeka i-DOCTYPE elandelayo kwikhasi lakho lewebhu:

Iiphequluli zanamhlanje (i-Android 1+, i-Chrome 1+, i-IE 6+, i-iOS 1+, i-Firefox 1+, i-Netscape 6+, i-Opera 6+, i-Safari 1+) izakuguqulela oku kwindlela elandelayo:

1. Ngenxa yokuba kukho i-DOCTYPE ebhaliweyo ngokuchanekileyo, oku kubangela imodi yokulinganisa.
2. Ixwebhu le-HTML 4.01 yenguqu
3. Ngenxa yokuba kwimodi yemigangatho, ezininzi izikhangeli ziza kunika umxholo ohambelanayo (okanye ngokugqithiseleyo) nge HTML 4.01 yenguqu

Yaye ukuba ubeka le DOCTYPE kumqulu wakho:

Oku kuchaza iziphequluli zanamhlanje ukuba ufuna ukubonisa ikhasi lakho le-HTML 4.01 ngokuthotyelwa ngqo kwi-DTD.

Ezi pheqululwazi ziya ku "gxininisa" okanye "imilinganiselo" kwaye zenze iphepha lihambelane nemigangatho. (Ngoko, kulo mqulu, itekethi enokuthi inganyanzelwanga ngokupheleleyo ngumkhangeli, njengoko isalathisi seFONT sichithwe kwi-HTML 4.01 eqinile.)

Ukuba ushiya ngokupheleleyo i-DOCTYPE, iiphequluli zithathwa ngokuzenzekelayo kwimoya ye "quirks".

Itheyibhile engezantsi ibonisa ukuba zeziphi izikhangeli eziqhelekileyo xa zinikwe izivakalisi eziqhelekileyo ze-DOCTYPE.

IMicrosoft yenza kube nzima

I-Internet Explorer 6 nayo inempawu yokuba xa ubeka nayiphi na into engeyiyo ngasentla kwi-DOCTYPE isimemezelo, baya kumoya ye-quirks. Ngoko, zombini le mizekelo iza kufaka i-IE 6 kwimodi ye-quirks, nangona i-DOCTYPE izivakalisi zithi zisesimo somgangatho oqinileyo:

kunye ne-XHTML 1.1 I-DOCTYPE:

Ngaphezulu, ukuba uhamba phambili i-IE6, ngoko unayo "into" iMicrosoft eyongeziweyo kwi-IE8 kunye ne-IE9: i- META ishintshi isakhi kunye newebhusayithi yokuluhlu. Enyanisweni, ezi nguqulelo zeebhaskri ezimbini zineendlela ezi-7 (!) Ezahlukeneyo:

• IE 5.5 Imoir quirks (IE 8 no-9)
• IE 7 imodeli yemigangatho (IE 8 no-9)
• IE 8 malunga nemigangatho yemigangatho (IE 8 no-9)
• IE 8 imodeli yemigangatho (IE 8 no-9)
• IE 9 malunga nemodi yemigangatho (IE 9)
• IE 9 imodeli yemigangatho (IE 9)
• Imodi ye-XML (IE 9)

IE 8 nayo yazisa "Imodi yokuhambelana" apho umsebenzisi angakhetha ukutshintsha imodeli yokunikezela kwimenyu ye-IE 7. Ngoko ukuba nangona ubeka imo ofuna ukuyisebenzisa usebenzisa zombini i-DOCTYPE kunye ne-META, iphepha lakho linokuphinda linyanzeliswe kwimimiselo engaphantsi kwemilinganiselo.

Iyiphi indlela yoQeirks?

Imoji yama-Quirks yenziwe ukuba incedise ukujongana nazo zonke iinkcukacha ezingabonakaliyo kunye nenkxaso engabonakaliyo yesiphequluli kunye neengqungquthela ababenzi bewebhu abasebenzisa ukujongana nazo ezo zinto. Ukukhathazeka kwabenzi beebrawuzi ukuba ngaba batshintshe iiphequluli zabo ngokuthotyelwa ngokuzenzekelayo, abaqulunqi bewebhu baya kushiywa emva.

Ngokumisela i-DOCTYPE kunye ne "Mode Quirks" oku kuvumela abaqulunqi bewebhu ukuba bakhethe indlela ababefuna ukuba iiphequluli zenze ngayo i-HTML.

Iimpawu zeMeko zeeQeirks

Kukho imiphumo emininzi iipro browsers zisebenzisa kwi-Quirks Mode:

• Kwezinye iiphequluli, imodeli yebhokisi iyatshintsha kwi-IE 5.5 inguqu yefayile yebhokisi kwimodi ye-quirks.
• Ezinye iiphequluli azizuli ilifa lemigangatho kwiitafile
• Iimodi ze-Quirks zithinta ukuhanjiswa kweCSS kunye neCSS ngokumangalisayo, ukuba uguqula amaphepha kwimodi yeemilinganiselo ukusuka kwimodi ye-quirks, qi niqiniseke ukuba uvavanya ukuma kwe CSS yakho kwaye uhlalutye ngokubanzi.
• Jonga iinguqulelo kwi-script xa iimoya ze-quirks. I-Firefox iyashintsha indlela yokusebenza kwe-id, umzekelo. IE8 kunye ne-IE9 zinokutshintshwa ngokuphawulekayo kwi-script in mode quirks.

Kukho ukumahluko "kwiMeko yoGangatho ecwangcisiweyo:"

• Ukuphakama kwamaseli etafile kunye nemifanekiso kuphela ngaphakathi kubalwa ngokuhlukileyo kwimodi yemigangatho.

Indlela yokukhetha i-DOCTYPE

Ndiya kwiinkcukacha ezininzi kwinqaku le-DOCTYPE Uluhlu, kodwa nantsi imimiselo eqingqiweyo yesithupha:

1. Njalo khetha i-mode mode kuqala. Yaye umgangatho okhoyo omele usebenzise ngawo ngu HTML5:
   Ngaphandle kokuba unesizathu esithile sokuphepha ukusebenzisa i-DOCTYPE ye-HTML5, oku kufuneka usebenzise.
2. Yiya kwi-HTML 4.01 eqinileyo ukuba ufuna ukuqinisekisa iziganeko zefa okanye ufuna ukuphepha iimpawu ezintsha ngesizathu esithile:

3. Ukuba ucelile imifanekiso kwi tafile kwaye ungafuni ukukulungisa, iya kwi-HTML ye-HTML 4.01:

4. Musa ukubhala iphepha ngamabomu kwimodi ye-quirks. Sisoloko usebenzisa i-DOCTYPE. Oku kuya kukunceda ngexesha lokuphucula kwixesha elizayo, kwaye akunenzuzo. IE6 ilahlekelwa ngokukhawuleza ngokukhawuleza kunye nokuyila le mkhangeli (okuyiyona nto eyiyoyilwayo kwimodi ye-quirks) uyazikhawulela wena, abafundi bakho kunye namaphepha akho. Ukuba kufuneka ubhale i-IE 6 okanye i-7, sebenzisa imibono enemibandela yokuxhaswa, kunokuba ugxininise iziphequluli zanamhlanje kwiifirks mode.

Kutheni usebenzise i-DOCTYPE

Emva kokuba uqaphela lolu hlobo lwe-DOCTYPE oluqhubekayo, unokuchaphazela amaphepha akho ewebhu ngokuthe ngqo ngokusebenzisa i-DOCTYPE ebonisa ukuba isiphequluli sinokulindela kwikhasi lakho. Kwakhona, xa uqala ukusebenzisa i-DOCTYPE, uya kubhala i-HTML esondele ngakumbi ukuba isebenze (kufuneka uqiniseke kwakhona). Kwaye ngokubhala i-XHTML efanelekileyo, ukhuthaza abenzi beebhasikisi ukuba bakhe izikrini ezihambelanayo.

Iinguqulelo zeSiphequluli kunye neMimoya yama-Quirks