Unix ayikho enye inkqubo yokusebenza. Inika "amanqabileyo" amaninzi-anjengohlobo oluthile, iintlobo, ukunikezelwa okanye ukuphunyezwa-i-branching ukusuka kwimvelaphi yayo kwiminyaka yokuqala yee-1970. Nangona isekelwe kwisethi yomgaqo we-Unix, imiyalelo eyahlukileyo ineemithetho kunye nempawu ezahlukileyo kwaye zenzelwe ukusebenza ngeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeekhompyutha.
Akukho mntu uyazi kakuhle ukuba zininzi i-Unix flavour zikhona, kodwa kukhuselekile ukuba uthetha ukuba ukuba zibandakanya zonke ezo zifihlakeleyo kwaye zingapheli, inani lama-flavour Unix ubuncinane kumakhulu. Ungasoloko utshilo ukuba inkqubo yokusebenza isekuhlaleni lwe-Unix ukuba inegama elidibanisa neencwadi U, I, no-X.
Amagatsha amakhulu ase Unix
Imilinganiselo ye-Unix ye-Contemporary iyahluka nokuba ingaba yindawo evulekile (oko kukuthi, ikhululekile ukulanda, ukuyisebenzisa okanye ukuguqula) okanye umthombo ovaliweyo (oko kukuthi, iifayile eziphathekayo eziphathekayo azihambisani nokuguqulwa komsebenzisi).
- I-Minix -iprojekthi evulekileyo ye-unix, engenakudla ngokusetyenziswa ngabasebenzisi basekhaya
- I-Linux -isicwangciso esiluvulekileyo sokungenisa indawo efana ne-Unix kwi-desktop kunye nesithuba seseva; I-Linux ithandwa ngabantu abanomdla kwikhompyutha
- I-Mac OS X -Inkqubo yokusebenza yedesktop
- I- BSD s (i-FreeBSD, i-DragonflyBSD, i-NetBSD, i-OpenBSD) -kusetyenzwa kwi-Unix specs, ngokulandela imigaqo ye-Berkeley Software Distribution
- I-AIX- uludwe lweendawo ezisebenzayo ze-Unix eziphuhliswe yi-IBM kumaseva ayo
- I-Solaris -inkqubo yokusebenza yomncedisi we-server, esekelwe kwi-Unix, eyenziwa yi-Sun Microsystems
- I-OpenSolaris -yintlobo evulekileyo yomthombo weSolaris
- I-HP-UX- ichungechunge lweendawo ezisebenza ngokusekelwe kwi-Unix ezenziwe yi-HP kumaseva ayo
Ukunikezelwa kwabathengi abaqhelekileyo
Kule minyaka, iifayile ezahlukeneyo zeLuxux ziye zazinandipha kakhulu, kodwa ezininzi zibonakala ziphakathi kwezona ziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziswe kwiikhomputer ze desktop. njengoko kubikwa yi-DistroWatch, indawo ehlala ixesha elide ejikeleza iindaba ze-Linux zokusabalalisa. Ezinye zezona zinto zifumaneka ngokubanzi ngo-2017 ziquka:
- I-intanethi- inguqu ye-Ubuntu kunye nabaqhubi beefayili ezongezelelweyo kunye nezixhobo ezincinane zokwenza izinto
- I-Debian- yeprojekthi yeebhilikhi ngokwayo "yenkqubo yokusebenza yendalo yonke" kwaye inandipha isabelo esibalulekileyo semarike kunye nesiseko esinamandla sezicelo
- I-Manjaro- isekelwe kwiprojekthi yeArch Linux, iManjaro isekela ukulungelelanisa okukhulu
- Ubuntu- umdlali obalulekileyo kwimakethe ye-Linux, injongo ka-Ubuntu ukunikezela ngokusabalalisa ukusetyenziswa ngendlela elula eyenziwe kakuhle kwaye ifumaneke nangona kukho izilungiso zolwimi kunye nokukhubazeka
- I-Antergos- isekelwe kwiprojekthi yeArch Linux, lo kusasazwa unikeza inkqubo yayo yokufaka ifowuni yesiko
- I-OpenSUSE -ukusabalalisa kwexesha elide laseJamani eliyinxalenye yoluntu ye-SUSE Linux yokuthengiswa kwezorhwebo
- I-Fedora -projekthi yoluntu esekelwe kwi-Red Hat
- I-Solus- isakhiwo esakhiwe ukususela kwi-Ireland kunye nesimo esingokwezifiso sesimo sekhompyutha esibizwa ngokuthi "Budgie" ekhangeleka njenge-GNOME 2 desktop
- I-Zorin- ukuhanjiswa okujoliswe ukulinganisa ukubukeka nokuziva kweWindows ukunceda abasebenzisi abasha beLuxux ukuguquka kwindlela yokusebenza yeMicrosoft
- I-Elementary- based on Ubuntu, elementaryOS isebenzisa indawo yendalo yedokethi ebizwa ngokuba yiCarthenon efana neendlela ezithile, i-Mac OS
Ukusabalalisa ukuthandwa kukutshintsha ngokukhawuleza. Ngo-2002, iimpahla eziphezulu ezi-10, ngenjongo yokwenza umdla, zaziyi-Mandrake, i-Red Hat, i-Gentoo, i-Debian, i-Sorcerer, i-SuSE, i-Slackware, i-Lycoris, iLindows ne-Xandros. Kwiminyaka elishumi elinesibini emva koko, i-Debian kuphela ehleli kwiluhlu oluphezulu lwe-10; elona lilandelayo liphezulu, i-Slackware, liwile kwiNombolo 33. Kwizabelo ezithandwayo ngo-2017, akukho nto ngaphandle kweDebian ekhoyo ngo-2002.
Iinkcukacha zoLwazi lweeLayili
Udidekile malunga nokwabiwa kwe Linux? Ukusuka kumbono womsebenzisi-desktop, umda omkhulu phakathi kwe-Linux flavour uphela kwizinto ezimbalwa zokhetho:
- Idesktop yendalo- engafani ne-Microsoft Windows okanye i-Mac OS X, i-Linux isekela iimeko ezihlukeneyo zedesktop, ngasinye sinomxholo obonakalayo kunye nova. Iindawo eziqhelekileyo ziquka iGnome (iKinnamon kunye noMATE), i-KDE, i-Xfce ne-Budgie.
- Umphathi wephakheji -Iinkqubo zeLinux zenzelwe ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezithile zokuphatha ipakethe. Ukwahlula kunkulu phakathi kweefayile ze-Red Hat Package Manager okanye iifayile zeDebian, ezichazwe yi-RPM okanye i-DEB ifowuni yokwandiswa. I-Red Hat Linux isebenzisa i-RPM, Ubuntu isebenzisa i-DEBs; Ukuguqula phakathi kwezi zibini ubuchule bokusebenzisa umsebenzisi.
- Isimo se-FOSS -banye abasebenzisi banenkxalabo ngokunyanisekileyo ngokubambelela kokusabalalisa kwiimigaqo-nkqubo yeFree Free and Source-Software.
Unokuba nedivayisi ye-Linux entendeni yesandla sakho. Indawo yokusebenza ye-Android yama-smartphones kunye namacwecwe axhomekeke kwi-Linux kwaye ingaqwalaselwa uhlobo lokwabiwa kwe-Linux ngokufanelekileyo.