i-dhclient - Umxhasi weProgram yomNcedisi weDynamic Host
SYNOPSIS
i-dhclient [ -p port ] [ -d ] [ -q ] [ -1 ] [ -r ] [ -lf lease-file ] [ -pf iifayile -fayile ] [ -cf config-file ] [ -sf ifayile yeskripthi ] [ -ncedisi ] [ -g relay] [ -n ] [ -nw ] [ -w ] [ if0 [ ... ifN ]]
INKCAZELO
I-Intanethi ye-Intanethi ye-Intanethi ye-DHCP iKlayenti, i-dhclient, inika indlela yokuqwalasela izixhobo zangaphakathi zenethiwekhi okanye enye kwinethiwekhi usebenzisa i-Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol, i-BOOTP protocol, okanye ukuba ezi protocols ziphumelela, ngokunikezela ngokuthe ngqo idilesi.
UKUSEBENZA
Umgaqo-nkqubo we-DHCP uvumela umninimzi ukuba axhumane nomncedisi ophakathi ogcina uluhlu lwee- adresi ze- IP ezingabelwa kwi-subnet okanye enye. Umxhasi we- DHCP unokucela idilesi ukusuka kweli qebana, kwaye ulisebenzise ngokusisigxina sokunxibelelana kwintanethi. Umgaqo- nkqubo we-DHCP unikezela nendlela apho umlayenti angakwazi ukufunda iinkcukacha ezibalulekileyo malunga nenethwekhi eya kuqhotyoshelweyo, njengendawo yendawo yomzila, indawo yomncedisi wegama, njalo njalo.
Ekuqaleni, i-dhclient ifunda i- dhclient.conf yemiyalelo yokucwangcisa. Emva koko ufumana uluhlu lwazo zonke iinkcukacha ze-intanethi ezilungiselelwe kwinkqubo yangoku. Kwi-interface nganye, uzama ukuqwalasela umsebenzisi usebenzisa iprotocol ye-DHCP.
Ukuze ugcine umkhondo wokuqeshisa kwi-system reboots kunye ne-server isebenza kwakhona, i-dhclient igcina uluhlu lweqeshiso oluye lwabelwa kwifayili ye - dhclient.fayile (5). Ekuqaleni, emva kokufunda ifayile ye dhclient.conf, i-dhclient ifunda i-dhclient.fayile ifakelwe ukuvuselela imemori yayo malunga nokuba yiyiphi indawo yokuqeshisa eyabelwe yona.
Xa kuqhotyoshelwe iqeshiso entsha, ifakwe kwisiqhelo kwiphepha le-dhclient.fayile. Ukukhusela ifayile ukuba ingabikho mkhulu, ngexesha elide i-dhclient idala ifayile entsha yedhclient.fayile kwisiseko sayo sokuqeshisa. Inguqulo endala yefayili ye dhclient.fayile igcinwa phantsi kwegama elithi dhclient.sleases ~ kude kube lixesha elilandelayo i-dhclient iphinda ibhale kwakhona i-database.
Iziqeshiso ezindala zigcinwa ngeenxa zonke xa umncedisi we-DHCP akatholakali xa i-dhclient iqalelwa kuqala (ngokuqhelekileyo ngexesha lokuqalisa inkqubo yokuqala). Kweso siganeko, ukuqeshiswa kwexesha elidala kwi-dhclient.kukhupha iifayile ezingakaphelelwa lixesha ziyavavanywa, kwaye ukuba zizimisele ukuba zivumelekile, zisetyenziselwa de ziphele okanye i-DHCP iseva iyafumaneka.
Umncedisi weselula onokuthi ngezinye iinkhathi kufuneka afumane inethiwekhi apho kungekho ncedisi ye-DHCP ikhona ingaphinde ilayishwe ngokuqeshisa idilesi echanekileyo kule ntanethi. Xa zonke iinzame zokuqhagamshelana nomncedisi we-DHCP ziye zahluleka, i-dhclient izakuzama ukuqinisekisa ukuqeshiswa kwe-static, kwaye ukuba iya kuphumelela, iya kusebenzisa loo qeshiso ide iqaliswe kwakhona.
Umncedisi womnxeba unokubuye ahambe kwezinye amanethiwekhi apho i-DHCP ayifumanekanga kodwa i-BOOTP. Kwimeko enjalo, kunokuba luncedo ukulungiselela kunye nomlawuli womnatha wokungena kwi-database ye-BOOTP, ukwenzela ukuba umphathi angakwazi ukuqala ngokukhawuleza kuloo ntanethi kunokuba aqhube ngebhayisikili ngokusebenzisa uluhlu lwezeqeshiso zokudala.
IMIGAQO YEMITHETHO
Amagama enxulumene nenethwekhi ukuba i-dhclient kufuneka izame ukumisela ingacaciswa kumgca womyalelo. Ukuba akukho namagama aqhagamshelweyo achazwe kumgca we-dhclient yomyalelo ngokuqhelekileyo uza kuchonga zonke iinkcukacha ze-intanethi, ukuphelisa ukusetyenziswa kokungabikho kokusasaza xa kunokwenzeka, kwaye uzame ukumisela intsebenziswano nganye.
Kwakhona kunokwenzeka ukuba ucacise i-interfaces ngegama kwifayile ye - dhclient.conf (5) . Ukuba iinkcukacha zicacisiwe ngale ndlela, ke umxhasi uza kulungisa kuphela ukusetyenziswa phakathi okucaciswe kwifayile yoqwalaselo okanye kumgca womyalelo, kwaye uya kuhoywa zonke ezinye izinto.
Ukuba umthengi we-DHCP kufuneka aphulaphule aze adlulisele kwi-port ngaphandle komgangatho (ipow 68), i-flag yep - p ingasetyenziswa. Kufuneka ilandelwe ngumbalo we-port we-udp ukuba i-dhclient iyisebenzise. Oku kuselona luncedo ekujongeni iinjongo zokulungisa. Ukuba i-port ehlukeneyo ichazwe ukuba umxhasi aphulaphule aze ahanjiswe, umthengi uya kusebenzisa iindawo ezihambayo ezahlukahlukeneyo ezikulo ndawo.
Umthengi we-DHCP ngokuqhelekileyo udlulisela nayiphi na imilayezo yomyalezo oyithumelayo ngaphambi kokuba athole idilesi ye-IP, 255.255.255.255, idilesi ye-IP eyamkelweyo. Ngeenjongo zokwenza iphutha, kungenokuba luncedo ukuba umncedisi atshintshele le miyalezo kwenye idilesi. Oku kungachazwa nge -- flegi, ilandelwe idilesi ye-IP okanye igama lesizinda.
Ngeenjongo zokuvavanya, insimu ye-giaddr yazo zonke iipakethi ezithunyelwa ngabaxumi zingasetyenziswa ngokusebenzisa i-flag, ilandelwe idilesi ye-IP ukuthumela. Oku kululeke kuphela ukuvavanya, kwaye akufanele kulindeleke ukuba isebenze nayiphi na indlela eqhubekayo okanye efanelekileyo.
Umxhasi we-DHCP uya kuqhuba ngokuqhelekileyo ngaphambili phambi kokuba uqulunqe umsebenzisi, kwaye uya kubuyela kwisimo sangasemva. Ukuqhuba amandla e-dhclient ukuba uhlale ehamba njengenkqubo yangaphambili, i-- d flag kufuneka icaciswe. Oku kuncedo xa uqhuba umxhasi phantsi kwe-debugger, okanye xa usebenza ngaphandle kwe-inittab kwiinkqubo ze-System V.
Umxhasi ngokuqhelekileyo uprinta umyalezo wokuqalisa kwaye ubonisa ukulandelelana kweprotocol ukuya kwi-descriptor yeepositi efanelekileyo kuze kube yilapho sele ithole idilesi, ize ilandele kuphela imilayezo isebenzisa isibonelelo se- syslog (3) . I- q ibhentshi ivimbela nayiphi na imilayezo ngaphandle kwezinye iiphoso ukushicilelwa kwi-descriptor yephutha eliqhelekileyo.
Ngokuqhelekileyo umxhasi akayikukhupha indawo yokuqeshisa yangoku njengoko ingafunwa ngu-DHCP protocol. Ezinye i-ISP ze-cable zidinga ukuba abathengi bazo bazise iseva ukuba bafuna ukukhulula idilesi ye-IP eyabelwe. I -r ibhentshi ikhupha ngokuqeshisa ukuqeshiswa kwangoku, kwaye xa ikhutshwe iqeshiso, umthengi uphuma.
I-flag ibangela ukuba i-dhclient izame kanye emva kokufumana iqeshiso. Ukuba ayiphumeleli, i-dhclient iphuma kunye nekhowudi yekhowudi.
Umthengi we-DHCP ufumana ulwazi lwakhe lokucwangcisa ukusuka /etc/dhclient.conf, i-database yokuqeshisa ukususela kwi /var/lib/dhcp/dhclient.fayile, igcina i-ID yenkqubo yayo kwifayile ebizwa /var/run/dhclient.pid, kwaye ilungiselele umsebenzisi womnatha usebenzisa / sbin / dhclient-script Ukucacisa amagama ahlukeneyo kunye / okanye iindawo ezi fayile, sebenzisa i-- cf, -lf, -pf kunye -sf flags, ngokulandelanayo, elandelwa igama lefayile. Oku kunokuba luncedo kakhulu xa, umzekelo, / var / lib / dhcp okanye / var / run ungakanyanga xa umthengi we-DHCP iqalwa.
Umthengi we-DHCP ngokuqhelekileyo uphuma xa engakwazi ukuchonga nayiphi na intsebenziswano yomnatha ukulungiselela. Kwiikhomputha zeekhomputha kunye nezinye iikhomputha ezineebhasi ezitshintshileyo ze-I / O, kungenzeka ukuba umnxibelelwano wokusasazwa ungongezwa emva kokuqalisa kwenkqubo. I -- flegi ingasetyenziselwa ukwenza ukuba umxhasi angaphumi xa engafumani naluphi na intsimbi. Iprogram ye- omshell (8) ingasetyenziselwa ukwazisa umxhasi xa umnxibelelwano wenethwekhi yongeziweyo okanye isuswe, ukuze umthengi azame ukulungisa idilesi ye-IP kwi-interface.
Umxhasi we-DHCP unokubhekiswa ukuba angazami ukuqwalasela nayiphi na intsebenziswano usebenzisa i-flag. Oku kunokwenzeka ukuba luncedo ngokubambisana ne--flegi.
Umxhasi unokukwaziswa ukuba abe yi-daemon ngokukhawuleza, kunokulinda ade athole idilesi ye-IP. Oku kungenziwa ngokunikezela ngeflegi -nw .
UKUBHALA
I-syntax ye-dhclient.conf (8) ifayile ixoxwa ngokukhawuleza.
OMAPI
Umxhasi we-DHCP unikezela amandla okulawula xa isebenza, ngaphandle kokumisa. Olu luncedo lunikezwa nge-OMAPI, i-API yokuphatha izinto ezikude. I-OMAPI iinkonzo zidibanisa kumxhasi usebenzisa i-TCP / IP, i-authenticate, kwaye iyakwazi ukuhlola imeko yangoku yomthengi kwaye yenze utshintsho kuyo.
Esikhundleni sokuphunyezwa komgaqo-nkqubo we-OMAPI ngokuthe ngqo, iiprogram zomsebenzisi kufuneka zisebenzise i-API ye-dhcpctl okanye i-OMAPI ngokwayo. I-Dhcpctl yindlela yokuphatha imisebenzi ethile yokugcina indlu i-OMAPI engenzi ngokuzenzekelayo. I-Dhcpctl ne-OMAPI zibhalwe kwi- dhcpctl (3) kunye ne- omapi (3) . Zininzi izinto ofuna ukuzenza kunye nomthengi unokwenziwa ngqo ngokusebenzisa umyalelo we- omshell (1) , kunokuba ubhale inkqubo ekhethekileyo.
INJONGO YOLAWULO
Into yokulawula ikuvumela ukuba uvale umxhasi phantsi, ukhulule zonke iinqeshiso ezithathayo kwaye ususe nayiphi na irekhodi ye-DNS okungenayo. Kananjalo ikuvumela ukuba umise umxhasi - oku kungagqibekanga nayiphi na intsebenziswano eyenziwa ngumxhasi. Unokwenza kwakhona kwakhona, oko kukubangela ukuba uhlaziye kwakhona ezo zixhobo. Ngokuqhelekileyo ungayeka ukumisa umxhasi ngaphambi kokungena kwi-hibernation okanye ukulala kwikhompyutha yekhompyutha. Uya kuqhubeka kwakhona emva kokuba amandla abuyele. Oku kuvumela amakhadi e-PC ukuba avaliwe ngelixa icomputer ihlaziya okanye ilele, kwaye ibuye iphinde ibuyiselwe kumbuso wayo wangaphambili xa ikhompyutha iphuma ngokucima okanye ukulala.
Into yokulawula inomxholo omnye - umlinganiselo welizwe. Ukuvala umxhasi phantsi, setha i-attribut yayo yesigqibo kwi-2. Iya kuyenza ngokuzenzekelayo i-DHCPRELEASE. Ukumisa okwesikhashana, setha impawu zayo zombuso ukuya ku-3. Ukuyibuyisela kwakhona, setha umlinganiselo wayo wesimo kwi-4.
Kubalulekile: Sebenzisa umyalelo womntu ( % umntu ) ukubona indlela umyalelo usetyenziswa ngayo kwiikhomputha yakho ethile.